Electrochemical sensor for measurement of urea and creatinine in serum based on ac impedance measurement of enzyme-catalyzed polymer transformation

Analytical Chemistry

Volumn 71, Issue 10, 1999, Pages 1940-1946

  Ho, Wah On ^a   Krause, Steffi ^b   McNell, Calum J ^c   Pritchard, Jeanette A ^c   Armstrong, Ron D ^a   Athey, Dale ^d   Rawson, Keith ^d  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^c NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^d Cambridge Life Sciences plc   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CREATININE; UREA;

ARTICLE; CATALYSIS; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ESTERIFICATION; IMPEDANCE; PH; SENSOR; SERUM; UREA BLOOD LEVEL;

CATALYSIS; CREATININE; ELECTRIC IMPEDANCE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; HUMANS; POLYMERS; UREA; UREASE;

EID: 0000110560     PISSN: 00032700     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ac981367d     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Xiao, H.; Mansfeld, F. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1994, 141, 2332-2337.
2. van Westing, E. P. M.; Ferrari, G. M.; de Wit, J. H. W. Electrochim. Acta 1994, 39, 899-910.
3. Granata, R. D.; Kovaleski, K. J. In Electrochemical Impedance: Analysis and Interpretation; Scully, J. R., Silverman, D. C., Kendig, M. W., Eds.; American Society for Testing and Materials: Philadelphia, 1993; pp 450-462.
4. Vandernoot, T. J.; Levinkind, M. Electro. Magnetobiol. 1994, 13, 211-223.
5. Bergveld, P. Biosens. Bioelectron. 1991, 6, 55-72.
6. Bataillard, P.; Gardies, F.; Jaffrezic-Renault, N.; Martelet, C.; Colin, B.; Mandrand, B. Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 2374-2379.
7. Souteyrand, E.; Martin, J. R.; Martelet C. Sens. Actuators, B 1994, 20, 63-69.
8. Song, S.; Clark, R. A.; Bowden, E. F.; Tarlov, M. J. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 6564-6572.
9. Cornell, B. A.; Braach-Maksvytis, V. L. B.; King, L. G.; Osman, P. D. J.; Raguse, B.; Wieczorek, L.; Pace, R. J. Nature (London) 1997, 387, 580-583.
10. McNeil, C. J.; Athey, D.; Ball, M.; Ho, W. O.; Krause, S.; Armstrong, R. D.; Wright, J. D.; Rawson, K. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 3928-3935.
11. Heller, J.; Baker, R. W.; Gale, R. M.; Rodin, J. O. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1978, 22, 1991-2009.
12. Spencer, K. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 1986, 23, 1-25.
13. Held, P. J.; Levin, N. W.; Bovbjerg, R. R.; Pauly, M. V.; Diamond, L. H. JAMA, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1991, 265, 871-875.
14. Acciardo, S. R.; Hatten, K. W.; Ruvinsky, M. J.; Dyson, B.; Fuller, J.; Moore, L. W. ASAIO J. 1992, M282-285.
15. Kaltwasser, H.; Schlegel, H. G. Anal. Biockem. 1966, 16, 132-138.
16. Krause, S.; McNeil, C. J.; Armstrong, R. D.; Ho, W. O. J. Appl. Electrochem. 1997, 27, 291-298.
17. Bandey, H. L.; Hillman, A. R.; Brown, M. J.; Martin, S. J. Faraday Discuss. 1997, 107, 105-121.
18. Martin, S. J.; Frye, G. C.; Ricco, A. J. Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 2910-2922.
19. Yang, M.; Thompson, M. Langmuir 1993, 9, 1990-1994.
20. McNeil, C. J.; Athey, D.; Armstrong, R. D.; Mullen, W. H. World Patent W094/28414, 1994.