Solar carbothermal reduction of ZnO: Shrinking packed-bed reactor modeling and experimental validation

Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Volumn 43, Issue 25, 2004, Pages 7981-7988

  Osinga, Thomas ^a   Olalde, Gabriel ^b   Steinfeld, Aldo ^a,c  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique   (France)

^c PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUTE   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATION ENERGY; CHEMICAL REACTORS; KINEMATICS; PACKED BEDS; REACTION KINETICS; REDUCTION; THERMAL EFFECTS; THERMODYNAMICS;

CARBOTHERMIC REDUCTION; ENERGY SOURCES; TEMPERATURE PROFILES;

ZINC COMPOUNDS;

ZINC OXIDE;

MODELING; PACKED BED; REDUCTION; ZINC OXIDE;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS; ENERGY; FURNACE; HEAT TRANSFER; MODEL; PACKED BED REACTOR; REDUCTION; SOLAR RADIATION; STOICHIOMETRY; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; THERMAL ANALYSIS; THERMODYNAMICS; THERMOGRAVIMETRY; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EID: 9944260837     PISSN: 08885885     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ie049619q     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. 2 Mitigation in the Extractive Metallurgical Industry. Energy-Int. J. 1997, 22, 311.
2. Steinfeld, A.; Weidenkaff, A.; Brack, M.; Möller, S.; Palumbo, R. Solar Thermal Production of Zinc: Program Strategy and Status of Research. High-Temperature Material Processes. 2000, 4 (3), 405-416.
3. Palumbo, R.; Lede, J.; Boutin, O.; Elorza Ricart, E.; Steinfeld, A.; Möller, S.; Weidenkaff, A.; Fletcher, E. A.; Bielicki, J. The Production of Zn from ZnO in a Single Step High-Temperature Solar Decomposition Process-I. The Scientific Framework for the Process. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1998, 53, 2503-2517.
4. Steinfeld, A. Solar Hydrogen Production via a 2-Step Water-Splitting Thermochemical Cycle based on Zn/ZnO Redox Reactions. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2002, 27, 611-619.
5. Murray, J. P.; Steinfeld, A.; Fletcher, E. A. Metals, Nitrides, and Carbides Via Solar Carbothermal Reduction of Metals Oxides. Energy-Int. J. 1995, 20 (7), 695-704.
6. Adinberg, R.; Epstein, M. Experimental study of solar reactors for carboreduction of zinc oxide. Energy 2004, 29, 757-769.
7. 4-Reforming Processes. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 1995, 20 (10), 793-804.
8. Steinfeld, A.; Brack, M.; Meier, A.; Weidenkaff, A.; Wuillemin, D., A Solar Chemical Reactor for the Co-Production of Zinc and Synthesis Gas. Energy 1998, 23, 803-814.
9. Wieckert, C.; Epstein, M.; Olalde, G.; Palumbo, R.; Pauling, H. J.; Reichardt, H. U.; Robert, J. F.; Santen, S.; Steinfeld, A. The SOLZINC Project for Solar Carbothermic Production of Zn from ZnO. In Proceedings of the 11th SolarPACES International Symposium; Steinfeld, A., Ed.; Zürich, Switzerland, 2002; pp 239-245.
10. Osinga, T.; Frommherz, U.; Steinfeld, A.; Wieckert, C. Experimental Investigation of the Solar Carbothermic Reduction of ZnO Using a Two-Cavity Solar Reactor. ASME J. Solar Energy Eng. 2004, 126, 633-637.
11. Herman, A.; Epstein, M. The Kinetic Model for Carboreduction of Zinc Oxide. J. Physics IV 1999, 9, 319-324.
12. Möller, S.; Palumbo, R. Solar thermal decomposition kinetics of ZnO in the temperature range 1950-2400 K. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2001, 56, 4505-4515.
13. Watson, L.; R., Thiem; T. L.; Dressler, R. A.; Salter, R. H.; Murad, E. High-temperature mass spectrometric studies of the bond energies of gas-phase ZnO, NiO, and CuO. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 5577-5580.
14. Roine, A. Outokumpu HCS Chemistry 5.0; Outokumpu Research Oy: Pori, Finland, 1997.
15. Wieckert, C.; Steinfeld, A. Solar Thermal Reduction of ZnO using CH4:ZnO and C:ZnO Molar Ratios Less than 1. J. Solar Energy Eng. 2002, 124, 55-62.
16. Graf, G. G. Zinc. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th ed.; Gerhartz, W., Ed.; VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 1996; p A28.
17. Levenspiel, O. Chemical Reaction Engineering, 3rd ed.; Wiley: New York, 1999.
18. Röthlisberger, T. Thermographimetrische Analyse des Zinkoxid-Kohle Prozesses. Semester Thesis, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, 2002.
19. Bruesewitz, M.; Semrau, G.; Epstein, M.; Vishnevetsky, I.; Frommherz, U.; Kräupl, S.; Palumbo, R.; Wieckert, C.; Olalde, G.; Robert, J.-F.; Osinga, T.; Steinfeld, A.; Santén, S. Solar Carbothermic Production of Zinc and Power Generation via ZnO-Zn Cyclic Process. Presented at the ISES Solar World Congress, Göteborg, Sweden, June 16-19, 2003.
20. Welford, W. T.; Winston, R. High Collection Nonimaging Optics; Academic Press: San Diego, 1989.
21. Yogev, A.; Kribus, A.; Epstein, M.; Kogan, A. Solar "Tower Reflector" Systems: A new Approach for High-Temperature Solar Plants. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 1998, 23, 239-245.
22. Wieckert, C.; Meier, A.; Steinfeld, A. On Indirectly Irradiated Solar Receiver-Reactors for High-Temperature Thermochemical Processes. ASME J. Solar Energy Eng. 2003, 125, 120-123.
23. Patankar, S. V. Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow; Hemisphere: New York, 1980.
24. Haueter, P.; Seitz, T.; Steinfeld, A. A New High-Flux Solar Furnace for High-Temperature Thermochemical Research. ASME J. Solar Energy Eng. 1999, 121, 77-80.
25. Hirsch, D.; v. Zedtwitz, P.; Osinga, T., Kinamore, J.; Steinfeld, A. A New 75 kW High-Flux Solar Simulator For High-Temperature Thermal and Thermochemical Research. ASME J. Solar Energy Eng. 2003, 125, 117-120.
26. Flynn, D. R. Thermal Conductivity of Loose-Fill Materials by a Radial-Heat-Flow Method; Compendium of Thermophysical Property Measurement Methods; Plenum Press: New York, 1992; Vol. 2.
27. 3) und Kalk (CaO). Diploma Thesis, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, 2004.
28. Tsotsas, E.; Martin, H. Thermal Conductivity of Packed Beds: A Review. Chem. Eng. Process. 1987, 22, 19-37.