The sexually active states of free-ranging male African elephants (Loxodonta africana): Defining musth and non-musth using endocrinology, physical signals, and behavior

Hormones and Behavior

Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 83-91

  Ganswindt, André ^a   Rasmussen, Henrik B ^b,c   Heistermann, Michael ^a   Hodges, J Keith ^a  

^a GERMAN PRIMATE CENTER   (Germany)

^b SAVE THE ELEPHANTS   (Kenya)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

African elephant; Androgens; Feces; Glucocorticoids; Loxodonta africana; Musth; Non invasive methodologies; Reproductive strategy; Sexual activity; Stress

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; GLUCOCORTICOID;

ANDROGEN BLOOD LEVEL; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELEPHANT; FECES ANALYSIS; HORMONE DETERMINATION; HORMONE RELEASE; LOXODONTA AFRICANA; MALE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPRODUCTION; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STRESS; URINARY EXCRETION;

AGE FACTORS; ANDROSTERONE; ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; ELEPHANTS; FECES; FEMALE; HYDROCORTISONE; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; TESTOSTERONE;

EID: 9944244135     PISSN: 0018506X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.09.002     Document Type: Article

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