Gender, the perception of aggression, and the overestimation of gender bias

Sex Roles

Volumn 46, Issue 5-6, 2002, Pages 177-189

  Stewart Williams, Steve ^a  

^a MASSEY UNIVERSITY   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

aggression; gender; ingroup outgroup biases; schemas; social perception; stereotypes; violence

Indexed keywords

EID: 9744274543     PISSN: 03600025     EISSN: 15732762     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1019665803317     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Barclay, C. R. (1986). Schematization of autobiographical memory. In D. C. Rubin (Ed.), Autobiographical memory (pp. 82-99). New York: Cambridge University Press.
2. Beauvais, C., & Spence, J. T. (1987). Gender, prejudice, and categorization. Sex Roles, 16, 89-100.
3. Bodenhausen, G. V. (1988). Stereotypic biases in social decision making and memory: Testing process models of stereotype use. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 726-737.
4. Campbell, A., Muncer, S., McManus, I. C., & Woodhouse, D. (1999). Instrumental and expressive representations of aggression: One scale or two? Aggressive Behavior, 25, 435-444.
5. de Meijer, M. (1991). The attribution of aggression and grief to body movements: The effect of sex-stereotypes. European Journal of Social Psychology, 21, 249-259.
6. Duncan, B. L. (1976). Differential social perception and attribution of intergroup violence: Testing the lower limits of stereotyping of Blacks. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 590-598.
7. Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. (1986). Gender and aggressive behavior: A meta-analytic review of the social psychological literature. Psychological Bulletin, 100, 309-330.
8. Edmonds, E. M., & Cahoon, D. D. (1993). The "new" sexism: Women' negativism toward men. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 8, 481-487.
9. Edmonds, E. M., Cahoon, D. D., & Shipman, M. (1991). Predictions of opposite-sex attitudes concerning gender-related social issues. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 29, 295-296.
10. Eldridge, M. A., Barnard, P. J., & Bekerian, D. A. (1994). Autobiographical memory and daily schemas at work. Memory, 2, 51-74.
11. Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
12. Harris, M. B. (1991). Effects of sex of aggressor, sex of target, and relationship on evaluations of physical aggression. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 6, 174-186.
13. Harris, M. B. (1995). Ethnicity, gender, and evaluations of aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 21, 343-357.
14. Harris, R. J., & Cook, C. A. (1994). Attributions about spouse abuse: It matters who the batterers and victims are. Sex Roles, 30, 553-565.
15. Harris, M. B., & Knight-Bohnhoff, K. (1996). Gender and aggression: I. Perceptions of aggression. Sex Roles, 35, 1-26.
16. Herzberger, S. D., & Tennen, H. (1985). "Snips and snails and puppy dog tails": Gender of agent, recipient, and observer as determinants of perceptions of discipline. Sex Roles, 12, 853-865.
17. Howe, A. C., Herzberger, S., & Tennen, H. (1988). The influence of personal history of abuse and gender on clinicians' judgments of child abuse. Journal of Family Violence, 3, 105-119.
18. Koski, P. R., & Mangold, W. D. (1988). Gender effects in attitudes about family violence. Journal of Family Violence, 3, 225-237.
19. Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. A. (1987). Statistical analysis with missing data. New York: Wiley.
20. Olsen, N. J., & Willemsen, E. W. (1978). Studying sex prejudice in children. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 133, 203-216.
21. Rojahn, K., & Pettigrew, T. F. (1992). Memory for schema-relevant information: A meta-analytic resolution. British Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 81-109.
22. Ruble, T. L. (1983). Sex stereotypes: Issues of change in the 1970s. Sex Roles, 9, 397-402.
23. Schuetzwohl, A. (1998). Surprise and schema strength. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24, 1182-1199.
24. Straus, M. A. (1999). The controversy over domestic violence by women: A methological, theoretical, and sociology of science analysis. In X. B. Arriaga & S. Oskamp (Eds.), Violence in intimate relationships (pp. 17-44). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
25. von Hippel, W., Jonides, J., Hilton, J. L., & Narayan, S. (1993). Inhibitory effect of schematic processing on perceptual encoding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 921-935.