Consensus document on the treatment of ascites, dilutional hyponatremia and hepatorenal syndrome in liver cirrhosis;Documento de consenso sobre el tratamiento de la ascitis, la hiponatremia dilucional y el síndrome hepatorrenal en la cirrosis hepática

Gastroenterologia y Hepatologia

Volumn 27, Issue 9, 2004, Pages 535-544

  Gines P ^a,g   Cabrera, J ^b   Guevara, M ^a   Morillas, R ^c   Ruiz Del Arbol L ^d   Sola R ^e   Soriano, G ^f  

^a HOSPITAL CLÍNIC   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE CANARIAS   (Spain)

^c HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI GERMANS TRIAS I PUJOL   (Spain)

^d HOSPITAL RAMÓN Y CAJAL   (Spain)

^e HOSPITAL DEL MAR   (Spain)

^f HOSPITAL DE LA SANTA CREU I SANT PAU   (Spain)

^g UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST; ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CANRENOATE POTASSIUM; CREATININE; DIURETIC AGENT; FUROSEMIDE; MIDODRINE; NORADRENALIN; PENTOXIFYLLINE; SODIUM; SPIRONOLACTONE; TERLIPRESSIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ANTIBODY; VASOCONSTRICTOR AGENT; VASOPRESSIN;

ABDOMINAL DISTENSION; ASCITES; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CONSENSUS; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; ECHOGRAPHY; HEPATORENAL SYNDROME; HUMAN; HYPONATREMIA; KIDNEY FUNCTION; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; PARACENTESIS; PATIENT CARE; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; SCORING SYSTEM; SODIUM RESTRICTION; SODIUM URINE LEVEL; TREATMENT CONTRAINDICATION; UREA NITROGEN BLOOD LEVEL;

EID: 9744236556     PISSN: 02105705     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1157/13068140     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Reynolds TB. Ascites. Clin Liver Dis 2000;4:151-68.
2. Gines P, Quintero E, Arroyo V, Teres J, Bruguera M, Rimola A, et al. Compensated cirrhosis: natural history and prognostic factors. Hepatology 1987;7:122-8.
3. D'Amico G, Morabito A, Pagliaro L, Marubini E. Survival and prognostic indicators in compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 1986;31:468-75.
4. Runyon BA. Management of adult patients with ascites caused by cirrhosis. Hepatology 1998;27:264-72.
5. Goldberg BB, Goodman GA, Clearfield HR. Evaluation of ascites by ultrasound. Radiology 1970;96:15-22.
6. Alexandrakis MG, Moschandrea JA, Koulocheri SA, Kouroumalis E, Eliopoulos GD. Discrimination between malignant and nonmalignant ascites using serum and ascitic fluid proteins in a multivariate analysis model. Dig Dis Sci 2000;45:500-8.
7. Arroyo V, Gines P, Gerbes AL, Dudley FJ, Gentilini P, Laffi G, et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. International Ascites Club. Hepatology 1996;23:164-76.
8. Pugh RN, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, Pietroni MC, Williams R. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg 1973;60:646-9.
9. Kamath PS, Wiesner RH, Malinchoc M, Kremers W, Therneau TM, Kosberg CL, et al. A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology 2001;33:464-70.
10. Malinchoc M, Kamath PS, Gordon FD, Peine CJ, Rank J, Ter Borg PC. A model to predict poor survival in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Hepatology 2000;31:864-71.
11. Arroyo V, Bosch J, Gaya-Beltran J, Kravetz D, Estrada L, Rivera F, et al. Plasma renin activity and urinary sodium excretion as prognostic indicators in nonazotemic cirrhosis with ascites. Ann Intern Med 1981;94:198-201.
12. Fernández-Esparrach G, Sánchez-Fueyo A, Ginés P, Uriz J, Quinto L, Ventura PJ, et al. A prognostic model for predicting survival in cirrhosis with ascites. J Hepatol 2001;34:46-52.
13. Llach J, Gines P, Arroyo V, Rimola A, Tito L, Badalamenti S, et al. Prognostic value of arterial pressure, endogenous vasoactive systems, and renal function in cirrhotic patients admitted to the hospital for the treatment of ascites. Gastroenterology 1988; 94:482-7.
14. Moore KP, Wong F, Gines P, Bernardi M, Ochs A, Salerno F, et al. The management of ascites in cirrhosis: report on the consensus conference of the International Ascites Club. Hepatology 2003;38:258-66.
15. Rimola A, García-Tsao G, Navasa M, Piddock LJ, Planas R, Bernard B, et al. Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a consensus document. International Ascites Club. J Hepatol 2000;32:142-53.
16. Navasa M, Casafont F, Clemente G, Guarner C, De la Mata M, Planas R, et al. Consenso sobre peritonitis bacteriana espontánea en la cirrosis hepática: diagnóstico, tratamiento y profilaxis. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001;24:37-46.
17. Wu SS, Lin OS, Chen YY, Hwang KL, Soon MS, Keeffe EB. Ascitic fluid carcinoembryonic antigen and alkaline phosphatase levels for the differentiation of primary from secondary bacterial peritonitis with intestinal perforation. J Hepatol 2001;34: 215-21.
18. Akriviadis EA, Runyon BA. Utility of an algorithm in differentiating spontaneous from secondary bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology 1990;98:127-33.
19. Runyon BA, Montano AA, Akriviadis EA, Antillon MR, Irving MA, McHutchison JG. The serum-ascites albumin gradient is superior to the exudate-transudate concept in the differential diagnosis of ascites. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:215-20.
20. Chow KM, Chow VC, Szeto CC. Indication for peritoneal biopsy in tuberculous peritonitis. Am J Surg 2003;185:567-73.
21. Wiesner R, Edwards E, Freeman R, Harper A, Kim R, Kamath P, et al. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers. Gastroenterology 2003;124:91-6.
22. Bernardi M, Di Marco C, Trevisani F, Fornale L, Andreone P, Cursaro C, et al. Renal sodium retenfion during upright posture in preascitic cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1993;105:188-93.
23. Ring-Larsen H, Henriksen JH, Wilken C, Clausen J, Pals H, Christensen NJ. Diuretic treatment in decompensated cirrhosis and congestive heart failure: effect of posture. Br Med J 1986; 292:1351-3.
24. Wilkinson SP, Jowett TP, Slater JD, Arroyo V, Moodie H, Williams R. Renal sodium retention in cirrhosis: relation to aldosterone and nephron site. Clin Sci (Lond) 1979;56:169-77.
25. Arroyo V, Gines P, Rodes J. Treatment of ascites in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. J Hepatol 1986;2:504-12.
26. Bataller R, Arroyo V, Gines P. Management of ascites in cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997;12:723-33.
27. Runyon BA. Care of patients with ascites. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:337-42.
28. Runyon BA. Treatment of patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Semin Liver Dis 1997;17:249-60.
29. Salerno F, Angeli P, Bernardi M, Laffi G, Riggio O, Salvagnini M. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cirrhotic patients with ascites. Committee on Ascites of the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;31:626-34.
30. Pérez-Ayuso RM, Arroyo V, Planas R, Gaya J, Bory F, Rimola A, et al. Randomized comparative study of efficacy of furosemide versus spironolactone in nonazotemic cirrhosis with ascites. Relationship between the diuretic response and the activity of the renin-aldosterone system. Gastroenterology 1983;84:961-8.
31. Descos L, Gauthier A, Levy VG, Michel H, Quinton A, Rueff B, et al. Comparison of six treatments of ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis. A clinical trial. Hepatogastroenterol 1983;30:15-20.
32. Bernardi M, Laffi G, Salvagnini M, Azzena G, Bonato S, Marra F, et al. Efficacy and safety of the stepped care medical treatment of ascites in liver cirrhosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing two diets with different sodium content. Liver 1993;13:156-62.
33. Eggert RC. Spironolactone diuresis in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Br Med J 1970;4:401-3.
34. Bernardi M, Servadei D, Trevisani F, Rusticali AG, Gasbarrini G. Importance of plasma aldosterone concentration on the natriuretic effect of spironolactone in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. Digestion 1985;31:189-93.
35. Gatta A, Angeli P, Caregaro L, Menon F, Sacerdoti D, Merkel C. A pathophysiological interpretation of unresponsiveness to spironolactone in a stepped-care approach to the diuretic treatment of ascites in nonazotemic cirrhotic patients. Hepatology 1991;14:231-6.
36. Shear L, Ching S, Gabuzda GJ. Compartmentalization of ascites and edema in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1970;282:1391-6.
37. Ginés P, Arroyo V, Quintero E, Planas R, Bory F, Cabrera J, et al. Comparison of paracentesis and diuretics in the treatment of cirrhotics with tense ascites. Results of a randomized study. Gastroenterology 1987;93:234-41.
38. Quintero E, Ginés P, Arroyo V, Rimola A, Bory F, Planas R, et al. Paracentesis versus diuretics in the treatment of cirrhotics with tense ascites. Lancet 1985;1:611-2.
39. Fernández-Esparrach G, Guevara M, Sort P, Pardo A, Jiménez W, Ginés P, et al. Diuretic requirements after therapeutic paracentesis in non-azotemic patients with cirrhosis. A randomized double-blind trial of spironolactone versus placebo. J Hepatol 1997;26:614-20.
40. Ginés A, Fernández-Esparrach G, Monescillo A, Vila C, Domenech E, Abecasis R, et al. Randomized trial comparing albumin, dextran 70, and polygeline in cirrhotic patients with ascites treated by paracentesis. Gastroenterology 1996;111: 1002-10.
41. Tito L, Ginés P, Arroyo V, Planas R, Panes J, Rimola A, et al. Total paracentesis associated with intravenous albumin management of patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Gastroenterology 1990;98:146-51.
42. Vila MC, Coll S, Sola R, Andreu M, Gana J, Márquez J. Total paracentesis in cirrhotic patients with tense ascites and dilutional hyponatremia. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:2219-23.
43. Arroyo V, Ginés A, Salo J. A European survey on the treatment of ascites in cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1994;21:667-72.
44. Gerbes AL, Gulberg V, Waggershauser T, Holl J, Reiser M. Renal effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cirrhosis: comparison of patients with ascites, with refractory ascites, or without ascites. Hepatology 1998;28:683-8.
45. Ginés P, Uriz J, Calahorra B, García-Tsao G, Kamath PS, Del Árbol LR, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting versus paracentesis plus albumin for refractory ascites in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2002;123:1839-47.
46. Sanyal AJ, Genning C, Reddy KR, Wong F, Kowdley KV, Benner K, et al. The north american study for the treatment of refractory ascites. Gastroenterology 2003;124:634-41.
47. Lebrec D, Giuily N, Hadengue A, Vilgrain V, Moreau R, Poynard T, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: comparison with paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites: a randomized trial. French Group of Clinicians and a Group of Biologists. J Hepatol 1996;25:135-44.
48. Ginés P, Berl T, Bernardi M, Bichet DG, Hamon G, Jiménez W, et al. Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: from pathogenesis to treatment. Hepatology 1998;28:851-64.
49. Arroyo V, Rodes J, Gutiérrez-Lizarraga MA, Revert L. Prognostic value of spontaneous hyponatremia in cirrhosis with ascites. Am J Dig Dis 1976;21:249-56.
50. Epstein M. Derangements of renal water handling in liver disease. Gastroenterology 1985;89:1415-25.
51. Gerbes AL, Gulberg V, Ginés P, Decaux G, Gross P, Gandjini H, et al. Therapy of hyponatremia in cirrhosis with a vasopressin receptor antagonist: a randomized double-blind multicenter trial. Gastroenterology 2003;124:933-9.
52. Wong F, Blei AT, Blendis LM, Thuluvath PJ. A vasopressin receptor antagonist (VPA-985) improves serum sodium concentration in patients with hyponatremia: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology 2003;37:182-91.
53. Guyader D, Patat A, Ellis-Grosse EJ, Orczyk GP. Pharmacodynamic effects of a nonpeptide antidiuretic hormone V2 antagonist in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Hepatology 2002;36: 1197-205.
54. Koppel MH, Coburn JW, Mims MM, Goldstein H, Boyle JD, Rubini ME. Transplantation of cadaveric kidneys from patients with hepatorenal syndrome. Evidence for the functional nature of renal failure in advanced liver disease. N Engl J Med 1969;280:1367-71.
55. Iwatsuki S, Popovtzer MM, Corman JL, Ishikawa M, Putnam CW, Katz FH, et al. Recovery from «hepatorenal syndrome» after orthotopic liver transplantation. N Engl J Med 1973;289: 1155-9.
56. Schrier RW, Arroyo V, Bernardi M, Epstein M, Henriksen JH, Rodes J. Peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis: a proposal for the initiation of renal sodium and water retention in cirrhosis. Hepatology 1988;8:1151-7.
57. Mulkay JP, Louis H, Donckier V, Bourgeois N, Adler M, Deviere J, et al. Long-term terlipressin administration improves renal function in cirrhotic patients with type I hepatorenal syndrome: a pilot study. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2001;64:15-9.
58. Colle I, Durand F, Pessione F, Rassiat E, Bernuau J, Barriere E, et al. Clinical course, predictive factors and prognosis in patients with cirrhosis and type I hepatorenal syndrome treated with terlipressin: a retrospective analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;17:882-8.
59. Halimi C, Bonnard P, Bernard B, Mathurin P, Mofredj A, Di Martino V, et al. Effect of terlipressin (glypressin) on hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhotic patients: results of a multicentre pilot study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;14:153-8.
60. Moreau R, Durand F, Poynard T, Duhamel C, Cervoni JP, Ichai P, et al. Terlipressin in patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome: a retrospective multicenter study. Gastroenterology 2002;122:923-30.
61. Ortega R, Ginés P, Uriz J, Cárdenas A, Calahorra B, De Las HD, et al. Terlipressin therapy with and without albumin for patients with hepatorenal syndrome: results of a prospective, nonrandomized study. Hepatology 2002;36:941-8.
62. Guevara M, Ginés P, Bandi JC, Gilabert R, Sort P, Jiménez W, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in hepatorenal syndrome: effects on renal function and vasoactive systems. Hepatology 1998;28:416-22.
63. Brensing KA, Textor J, Perz J, Schiedermaier P, Raab P, Strunk H, et al. Long term outcome after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt in non-transplant cirrhotics with hepatorenal syndrome: a phase II study. Gut 2000;47:288-95.
64. Mitzner SR, Klammt S, Peszynski P, Hickstein H, Korten G, Stange J, et al. Improvement of multiple organ functions in hepatorenal syndrome during albumin dialysis with the molecular adsorbent recirculating system. Ther Apher 2001;5:417-22.
65. Restuccia T, Ortega R, Guevara M, Ginés P, Alessandria C, Ozdogan O, et al. Effects of treatment of hepatorenal syndrome before transplantation on posttransplantation outcome. A case-control study. J Hepatol 2004;40:140-6.
66. Sort P, Navasa M, Arroyo V, Aldeguer X, Planas R, Ruiz del Arbol L, et al. Effect of intravenous albumin on renal impairment and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. N Engl J Med 1999;341:403-9.
67. Akriviadis E, Botla R, Briggs W, Han S, Reynolds T, Shakil O. Pentoxifylline improves short-term survival in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2000;119:1637-48.