The making of scientific butter: Injecting scientific reasoning into agriculture

Endeavour

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 167-171

  Nielsen, Anita Kildebæk ^a  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENGLISH DAIRY INDUSTRIES; SCIENTIFIC REASONING;

AGRICULTURE; DAIRIES;

FOOD PRODUCTS;

ANIMAL; ART; BUTTER; DAIRYING; DENMARK; HISTORY; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; MILK; REVIEW; SCIENCE; STANDARD; UNITED KINGDOM;

ANIMALS; BUTTER; DAIRYING; DENMARK; ENGLAND; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; MILK; PORTRAITS; SCIENCE;

AGRICULTURE; BUTTER;

EID: 9644268244     PISSN: 01609327     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2004.09.005     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Haggard, H.R. (1911) Rural Denmark and its Lessons, Longmans, Green and Co. (London, UK), p. 125
2. No named author (1903) Report on Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Conditions in Denmark (Miscellaneous series, Bulletin 7), Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland (Dublin, Republic of Ireland), p. 2 of the introduction
3. F.M.L. Thompson The second agricultural revolution, 1815-1880 Economic History Review 38 1968 62 73 p. 65
4. Bjørn, C. (1988) Det moderne landbrug grundlægges 1840-1860. In Det Danske Landbrugs Historie (Vol. 3) (Bjørn, C. et al., eds), pp. 166-192, Landbohistorisk Selskab (Odense, Denmark)
5. On the background and reception of Liebig's book see Schling-Brodersen, U. (1992) Liebig's role in the establishment of agricultural chemistry. Ambix 39, 21-31
6. E. Mårald Jordens kretslopp: Lantbruket, Staden och den Kemiska Vetenskapen 1840-1910 2000 Umeå Universitet pp. 5-6
7. Ibid, p. 83
8. M.W. Rossiter The Emergence of Agricultural Science: Justus Liebig and the Americans, 1840-1880 1975 Yale University Press p. xi
9. For the background of the Great Depression and its influence on Danish agricultural history see Jensen, E. (1937) Danish Agriculture - Its Economic Development, J.H. Schultz (Copenhagen, Denmark). The English case is described in Orwin, C.S. and Whetham, E.H. (1964) History of British Agriculture 1846-1914, Longmans (London, UK)
10. For the background of the Great Depression and its influence on Danish agricultural history see Jensen, E. (1937) Danish Agriculture - Its Economic Development, J.H. Schultz (Copenhagen, Denmark). The English case is described in Orwin, C.S. and Whetham, E.H. (1964) History of British Agriculture 1846-1914, Longmans (London, UK)
11. Orwin C.S. and Whetham, E.H. (1964), p. 32, note that in England '[t]he prosecution of scientific research and the dissemination of its results was the affair of individuals, either singly or in co-operation.' (my italics)
12. Nielsen, A.K. (2002) Landøkonomisk forsøgslaboratorium og Vilhelm Storch i kemisk perspektiv. In Dansk Landbrugskemi i Historisk Perspektiv, 1750-1930 (Nielsen, A.K., ed.), pp. 163-186, Dansk Selskab (Copenhagen, Denmark) for Historisk Kemi and Ærsøe, H. (1981) Husdyrbrugsforsøgsvirksomheden i Danmark, (2nd edn), Statens Husdyrbrugsudvalg (Copenhagen, Denmark)
13. Nielsen, A.K. (2002) Landøkonomisk forsøgslaboratorium og Vilhelm Storch i kemisk perspektiv. In Dansk Landbrugskemi i Historisk Perspektiv, 1750-1930 (Nielsen, A.K., ed.), pp. 163-186, Dansk Selskab (Copenhagen, Denmark) for Historisk Kemi and Ærsøe, H. (1981) Husdyrbrugsforsøgsvirksomheden i Danmark, (2nd edn), Statens Husdyrbrugsudvalg (Copenhagen, Denmark)
14. As regards English agricultural literature, it was a general problem that the writers expected too much scientific knowledge of the readers and therefore the communication between scientists and farmers partially failed. Holmes, C.J. (1988) Science and the farmer: the development of the agricultural advisory service in England and Wales, 1900-1939. Agricultural History Review 36, 77-86, p. 83
15. Nielsen, A.K. (2002), p. 175
16. Bjørn, C. (ed.) (1982) Dansk mejeribrug 1882-2000, De danske Mejeriers Fællesorganisation (Copenhagen, Denmark), p. 549
17. D. Taylor Growth and structural change in the English dairy industry, 1860-1930 The Agricultural History Review 35 1987 47 64 p. 55
18. Ibid, p. 56
19. Bøggild, B. (1897) Mælkeribruget i fremmede Lande, Det nordiske Forlag (Copenhagen, Denmark), p. 119
20. Taylor, D. (1987), p. 56 and Bøggild, B. (1897), p. 122
21. Taylor, D. (1987), p. 56 and Bøggild, B. (1897), p. 122
22. Taylor, D. (1987), p. 47
23. Bøggild, B. (1897), p. 113
24. K. Vernon Science for the farmer? Agricultural research in England 1909-36 Twentieth Century British History 8 1997 310 333 p. 319
25. Ibid, p. 312. After the agricultural Provincial Advisory Service was established in 1912, it also viewed the dairy industry as a low priority. Not one of the 16 provincial advisory officers appointed in 1914 was a dairy bacteriologist. Holmes, C.J. (1988), p. 79
26. Bøggild, B. (1896) Mælkeribruget i Danmark (2nd edn), Det nordiske Forlag (Copenhagen, Denmark)