Behavioral evidence for the cutaneous expression of emotion in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

Behaviour

Volumn 141, Issue 8, 2004, Pages 979-997

  Leavens, David A ^a,b,c   Aureli, Filippo ^b,d   Hopkins, William D ^b,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

^d LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^e BERRY COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Behavioral asymmetries; Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes); Cognitive stress; Emotions; Scratching; Self directed behaviors

Indexed keywords

EID: 9644266964     PISSN: 00057959     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/1568539042360189     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Aruguete, M.S., Ely, E.A. & King, I.E. (1992). Laterality in spontaneous motor activity of chimpanzees and squirrel monkeys. - Am. J. Primatol. 27, p. 177-188.
2. Aureli, F. & Schaffner, C.M. (2002). Relationship assessment through emotional mediation. - Behaviour 139, p. 393-420.
3. _ & de Waal, F.B.M. (1997). Inhibition of social behaviour in chimpanzees under high-density conditions. - Am. J. Primatol. 41, p. 213-228.
4. Bakeman, R. & Gottman, J. (1986). Observing interaction: An introduction to sequential analysis. - Cambridge University Press, New York.
5. Baker, K. & Aureli, F. (1997). Behavioural indicators of anxiety: An empirical test in chimpanzees. - Behaviour 134, p. 1031-1060.
6. Bard, K.A. & Gardner, K.H. (1996). Influences on development in infant chimpanzees: Enculturation, temperament, and cognition. - In: Reaching into thought: The minds of the great apes (A.E. Russon, K.A. Bard & S.T. Parker, eds). Cambridge University Press, New York, p. 235-256.
7. Barros, M., Boere, V., Huston, J.P. & Tomaz, C. (2000). Measuring fear and anxiety in the marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) with a novel predator confrontation model: Effects of Diazepam. - Behav. Brain Res. 108, p. 205-211.
8. Castles, D.L., Whiten, A. & Aureli, F. (1999). Social anxiety, relationships and self-directed behaviour among wild female olive baboons. - Anim. Behav. 58, p. 1207-1215.
9. 3 receptor antagonist, GR38032F, on raised dopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic system of the rat and marmoset brain. - Br. J. Pharmacol. 92, p. 881-894.
10. Davidson, R.J., Kalin, N.H. & Shelton, S.E. (1993). Lateralized response to Diazepam predicts temperamental style in rhesus monkeys. - Behav. Neurosci. 107, p. 1106-1110.
11. Diezinger, F. & Anderson, J.R. (1986). Starting from scratch: A first look at a 'displacement activity' in group-living rhesus monkeys. - Am. J. Primatol. 11, p. 117-124.
12. Dimond, S. & Harries, R. (1984). Face touching in monkeys, apes and Man: Evolutionary origins and cerebral asymmetry. - Neuropsychologia 22, p. 227-233.
13. Easley, S.P., Coelho, A.M., Jr. & Taylor, L.L. (1987). Scratching, dominance, tension, and displacement in male baboons. - Am. J. Primatol. 13, p. 397-411.
14. Elder, C.M. & Menzel, C.R. (2001). Dissociation of cortisol and behavioral indicators of stress in an orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) during a computerized task. - Primates 42, p. 345-358.
15. Hopkins, W.D. & de Waal, F.B.M. (1995). Behavioral laterality in captive bonobos (Pan paniscus): Replication and extension. - Int. J. Primatol. 16, p. 261-276.
16. Itakura, S. (1993). Emotional behavior during the learning of a contingency task in a chimpanzee. - Percept. Motor Skills 76, p. 563-566.
17. Kutsukake, N. (2003). Assessing relationship quality and social anxiety among wild chimpanzees using self-directed behaviour. - Behaviour 140, p. 1153-1171.
18. Lang, P.J., Bradley, M.M. & Cuthbert, B.N. (1990). Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. - Psychol. Rev. 97, p. 377-395.
19. Lantz, J.E. (1979). Extreme itching treated by a family systems approach. - Int. J. Fam. Ther. 1, p. 244-253.
20. van Lawick-Goodall, J. (1972). A preliminary report on expressive movements and communication in the Gombe Stream chimpanzees. - In: Primate patterns (P. Dolhinow, ed.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, [originally published 1968], p. 25-84.
21. Leavens, D.A., Aureli, F., Hopkins, W.D. & Hyatt, C.W. (2001). Effects of cognitive challenge on self-directed behaviors by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). - Am. J. Primatol. 55, p. 1-14.
22. _, Hopkins, W.D. & Bard, K.A. (1996). Indexical and referential pointing in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). - J. Comp. Psychol. 110, p. 346-353.
23. McFarland, D.J. (1966). On the causal and functional significance of displacement activities. - Z. Tierpsychol. 23, p. 217-235.
24. Maestripieri, D. (1993). Maternal anxiety in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). I. Measurement of anxiety and identification of anxiety-eliciting situations. - Ethology 95, p. 19-31.
25. _, Martel, F.L., Nevison, C.M., Simpson, M.J. & Keverne, E.B. (1992a). Anxiety in rhesus monkey infants in relation to interactions with their mother and other social companions. - Devel. Psychobiol. 24, p. 571-581.
26. _, Schino, G., Aureli, F. & Troisi, A. (1992b). A modest proposal: Displacement activities as an indicator of emotions in primates. - Anim. Behav. 44, p. 967-979.
27. Manson, J.H. & Perry, S. (2000). Correlates of self-directed behaviour in wild white-faced capuchins. - Ethology 106, p. 301-317.
28. Marchant, L.F. & McGrew, W.C. (1996). Laterality of limb function in wild chimpanzees of Gombe National Park: Comprehensive study of spontaneous behaviors. - J. Human Evol. 30, p. 427-443.
29. Meador, K.J., Ray, P.G., Day, L., Ghelani, H. & Loring, D.W. (1998). Physiology of somatosensory perception: Cerebral lateralization and extinction. - Neurology 51, p. 721-727.
30. Nakayama, K. (2004). Observing conspecifics scratching induces a contagion of scratching in Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). - J. Comp. Psychol. 116, p. 20-24.
31. Palmer, A.R. (2002). Chimpanzee right-handedness reconsidered: Evaluating the evidence with funnel plots. - Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 118, p. 191-199.
32. Pansky, B., Allen, D.J. & Budd, G.C. (1988). Rev. Neurosci., 2nd ed. - MacMillan, New York.
33. Pavani, S., Maestripieri, D., Schino, G., Giovanni Turillazzi, P. & Scucchi, S. (1991). Factors influencing scratching behaviour in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). - Folia Primatol. 57, p. 34-38.
34. Schino, G., Perretta, G., Taglioni, A.M., Monaco, V. & Troisi, A. (1996). Primate displacement activities as an ethopharmacological model of anxiety. - Anxiety 2, p. 186-191.
35. _, Troisi A., Perretta G., Monaco V. (1991). Measuring anxiety in nonhuman primates: Effect of Lorazepam on macaque scratching. - Pharmacol., Biochem. & Behav. 38, p. 889-891.
36. Shafer, D.D. (1997). Hand preference behaviors shared by two groups of captive bonobos. - Primates 38, p. 303-313.
37. Troisi, A. (2002). Displacement activities as a behavioral measure of stress in nonhuman primates and human subjects. - Stress 5, p. 47-54.
38. _, Spalletta, G. & Pasini, A. (2002). Non verbal behaviour deficits in schizophrenia: an ethological study of drug-free patients. - Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 97, p. 109-115.
39. Washburn, D.A., Hopkins, W.D. & Rumbaugh, D.M. (1989). Automation of learning-set testing: The video-task paradigm. - Behav. Res. Meth., Instr. & Comp. 21, p. 281-284.
40. Waxer, P.H. (1977). Non verbal cues for anxiety: an examination of emotional leakage. - J. Abnorm. Psychol. 86, p. 306-314.
41. Wilson-Pauwels, L., Akesson, E.J. & Stewart, P.A. (1988). Cranial nerves: Anatomy and clinical comments. - Decker, Toronto, Canada.
42. Wittling, W. (1995). Brain asymmetry in the control of autonomic-physiologic activity. - In: Brain asymmetry (R.J. Davidson & K. Hugdahl, eds). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, p. 305-358.
43. Ziegler, H.P. (1964). Displacement activity and motivational theory: A case study in the history of ethology. - Psychol. Bull. 61, p. 362-376.