Oral cancer: Leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma

Dental Clinics of North America

Volumn 49, Issue 1 SPEC.ISS., 2005, Pages 143-165

  Rhodus, Nelson L ^a  

^a Division of Oral Medicine   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; TOLONIUM CHLORIDE;

BIOPSY; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER PAIN; CANCER RISK; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; CANDIDIASIS; CARCINOGENESIS; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; CYTOLOGY; DEMOGRAPHY; DENTIST; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DISEASE COURSE; FOLLOW UP; GENOMICS; HUMAN; IMAGING SYSTEM; IMMUNE SYSTEM; LEUKOPLAKIA; LICHEN PLANUS; LONG TERM CARE; MEDICAL EXAMINATION; METASTASIS; MOUTH CANCER; MOUTH ULCER; NEEDLE BIOPSY; NUTRITION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TOBACCO; TONGUE; VIRUS;

EID: 9444281952     PISSN: 00118532     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2004.07.003     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. A. Jemal, R. Tiwari, T. Murray, and A. Ghafoor Cancer statistics, 2004 CA Cancer J Clin 54 1 2004 8 25
2. B.K. Edwards, H.L. Howe, and L.A. Ries Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1999, featuring implications of age and aging on US cancer burden Cancer 94 2002 2766 2792
3. L.A.G. Ries, M.P. Eisner, C.L. Kosary, B.F. Hankey, B.A. Miller, and L. Clegg SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2000 2003 National Cancer Institute Bethesda (MD)
4. J.N. Myers, T. Elkins, D. Roberts, and R.M. Byers Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in young adults: increasing incidence and factors that predict treatment outcomes Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 122 2000 44 51
5. S.P. Schantz, and G.-P. Yu Head and neck cancer incidence trends in young Americans, 1973-1997, with a special analysis for tongue cancer Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 128 2002 268 274
6. C.H. Shiboski, S.C. Shiboski, and S. Silverman Jr. Trends in oral cancer rates in the United States, 1973-1996 Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 28 2000 249 256
7. S. Silverman Jr. Demographics and occurrence of oral and pharyngeal cancers: the outcomes, the trends, the challenge J Am Dent Assoc 132 2001 7S 11S
8. S. Silverman, M. Gorsky, and F. Lozada Oral leukoplakia and malignant transformation Cancer 53 1984 563 568
9. M.R.I. Young, M.A. Wright, Y. Lozano, M.M. Prechel, J. Benefield, and J.P. Leonetti Increased recurrence and metastasis in patients whose primary head and neck squamous cell carcinomas secreted granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and contained CD34 + natural suppressor cells Int J Cancer 74 1997 69 74
10. L.L. Gleich, P.W. Biddinger, F.D. Duperier, and J.L. Gluckman Tumor angiogenesis as a prognostic indicator in T2-T4 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: a clinical-pathologic correlation Head Neck 19 1997 276 280
11. A.S. Pak, M.A. Wright, J.P. Matthews, S.L. Collins, G.J. Petruzelli, and M.R.I. Young Mechanisms of immune suppression in patients with head and neck cancer: presence of CD34 + cells which suppress immune functions within cancers that secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Clin Cancer Res 1 1995 95 103
12. C.W. Smith, Z. Chen, G. Dong, E. Loukinova, M.Y. Pegram, and L. Nicholas-Figueroa The host environment promotes the development of primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas that constitutively express proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-6, GM-CSF and KC Clin Exp Metastasis 16 7 1998 655 664
13. D.R. Vlock, B. Arnold, J. Humpierres, D.R. Schwartz, S.R. Baker, and C.J. Krause Serial studies of autologous antibody reactivity to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck Cancer Immunol Immunother 34 1992 329 336
14. S. Landis, T. Murray, D.S. Wingo, and T. Ries Cancer statistics CA Cancer J Clin 48 1998 6 29
15. J.W. Little, D.A. Falace, C.S. Miller, and N.L. Rhodus Cancer. Dental management of the medically compromised patient 6th edition 2002 Mosby St. Louis (MO) p. 394-412
16. G.L. Clayman, S.M. Lippman, G.E. Laramore, and W.K. Hong Head and neck cancer J.F. Holland E. Frei R.C. Bast Jr. D.W. Kufe D.L. Morton R. Weichselbaum Cancer medicine 1996 Williams and Wilkins Philadelphia 1645 1709
17. J. Califano, P. van der Riet, W. Westra, H. Nawroz, G. Clayman, and S. Piantadosi Genetic progression model for head and neck cancer: implications for field cancerization Cancer Res 56 11 1996 2488 2492
18. S Silverman Jr. Oral cancer 5th edition 2003 B.C. Decker Hamilton, (Ontario, Canada) p. 1-128
19. A. Forastiere, W. Koch, A. Trotti, and D. Sidransky Head and neck cancer N Engl J Med 345 2001 1890 1900
20. National Cancer Institute Risks associated with smoking cigarettes with low machine-measured yields of tar and nicotine. Smoking and tobacco control. National Cancer Institute monograph no. 13 2001 National Cancer Institute Bethesda (MD)
21. F. Lewin, S.E. Norell, and H. Johansson Smoking tobacco, oral snuff, and alcohol in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck Cancer 82 1998 1367 1375
22. A. Mashberg, L. Garfinkel, and S. Harris Alcohol as a primary risk factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma CA Cancer J Clin 31 1981 146 155
23. S.D. Vincent, P.G. Fotos, K.A. Baker, and T.P. Williams Oral lichen planus: the clinical, historical and therapeutic features of 100 cases Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 70 1990 165 171
24. S. Silverman Jr., M. Gorsky, F. Lozada-Nur, and K. Giannotti A prospective study of findings and management in 214 patients with oral lichen planus Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 72 1991 665 670
25. S. Silverman Jr., and S. Bahl Oral lichen planus update: clinic characteristics, treatment responses and malignant transformation Am J Dent 10 1997 259 263
26. E. Petridou, A.I. Zavras, and D. Lefatzis The role of diet and specific micronutrients in the etiology of oral carcinoma Cancer 94 2002 2981 2988
27. C.S. Miller, and B.M. Johnstone Human papillomavirus as a risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis, 1982-1997 Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 91 2001 622 635
28. E.J. Shillitoe, D. Greenspan, J.S. Greenspan, and S. Silverman Jr. Five-year survival of patients with oral cancer and its association with antibody to herpes simplex virus Cancer 58 1986 2256 2259
29. E.J. Shillitoe, E. Gilchrist, C. Pellenz, and V. Murrah Effects of herpes simplex virus on human oral cancer cells, and potential use of mutant viruses in therapy of oral cancer Oral Oncol 35 1999 326 332
30. T. Axell, J.J. Pindborg, C.J. Smith, and I. Van der Wa Oral white lesions with special reference to precancerous and tobacco-related lesions: conclusions of an international symposium held in Uppsala, Sweden, May 18-21, 1994 J Oral Pathol Med 25 1996 49 54
31. H. Lummerman, P. Freedman, and S. Kerpel Oral epithelial dysplasia and the development of invasive squamous carcinoma Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 79 1995 321 329
32. A. Mashberg, and A. Samit Early diagnosis of asymptomatic oral and oropharyngeal squamous cancers CA Cancer J Clin 45 1995 328 351
33. A. Forastiere, W. Koch, A. Trotti, and D. Sidransky Head and neck cancer N Engl J Med 345 2001 1890 1900
34. B.D. Smith, B.G. Haffty, and C.T. Sasaki Molecular markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: their biological function and prognostic significance Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 110 2001 221 228
35. W.K. Hong, and M.B. Sporn Recent advances in chemoprevention of cancer Science 278 1997 1073 1077
36. G.J. Kelloff Perspectives on cancer chemoprevention research and drug development Adv Cancer Res 278 2000 199 234
37. G.J. Kelloff, C.C. Sigman, K.M. Johnson, C.W. Boone, P. Greenwald, and J.A. Crowell Perspectives on surrogate end-points in the development of drugs that reduce the risk of cancer Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9 2000 127 134
38. F.G. Ondrey, G. Dong, and C. Van Waes Constitutive expression of AP-1 and NF IL-6 in squamous carcinoma of the head and neck Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 39 1998 3081
39. S. Das, and N. Khanna In vivo and in vitro observation of cellular immune parameters in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and its correlation with tumor load and prognosis Cancer Invest 4 1986 207 216
40. A. Schatzkin, L.S. Freedman, J. Dorgan, L. McShane, M.H. Schiffman, and S.M. Dawsey Using and interpreting surrogate end-points in cancer research P. Toniolo P. Boffetta D.E.G. Shuker N. Rothman B. Hulka N. Pearce Application of biomarkers in cancer epidemiology (IARC Scientific Publications No. 42) 1997 International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon (France) 265 271
41. C.W. Smith, Z. Chen, G. Dong, E. Loukinova, and M.Y. Pegram The host environment promotes the development of primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas that constitutively express pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-6, GM-CSF, and KC Clin Exp Metastasis 16 7 1998 655 671
42. G.S. Stein, M. Montecino, A.J. van Wijnen, J.L. Stein, and J.B. Lian Nuclear structure-gene expression inter-relationships: implications for aberrant gene expression in cancer Cancer Res 60 2000 2067 2071
43. A. Mashberg, and A. Samit Early diagnosis of asymptomatic oral and oropharyngeal squamous cancers CA Cancer J Clin 45 1995 328 351
44. M.A. Ginos, G.P. Page, B.S. Michalowicz, K. Patel, S. Volker, and S.E. Pambuccian Identification of a gene expression signature associated with recurrent disease in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck J Cancer Res 64 2003 55 63
45. J. Sudbo, W. Kildal, and B. Risberg DNA content as a prognostic marker in patients with oral leukoplakia N Engl J Med 344 2001 1270 1280
46. S.J. Silverman, M. Gorsky, and F. Lozada Oral Leukoplakia and malignant transformation: a follow-up study of 257 patients Cancer 53 1984 563 568
47. C.A. Waldron, and W.G. Shafer Leukoplakia revisited. A clinicopathologic study or 3,256 oral leukoplakias Cancer 36 1975 1386 1392
48. L.S. Hansen, J.A. Olson, and S. Silverman Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 60 1985 285 289
49. S. Silverman Jr. Oral cavity M. Bibbo Comprehensive cytology 2nd edition 1997 WB Saunders Philadelphia 403 412
50. S. Silverman Jr., and M. Gorsky Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. A follow-up study of 54 cases Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 84 1997 154 157
51. F.W.F. Chu, S. Silverman Jr., and H.H. Dedo CO2 laser treatment of oral leukoplakia: a follow-up of 70 patients Laryngoscope 109 1991 950 963
52. N.J. Shaheen, W.L. Straus, and R.S. Sandler Chemoprevention of gastrointestinal malignancies with non-steriodal anitinflammatory drugs. A review Cancer 94 2002 950 963
53. S.M. Lippman, M. Spitz, and T. Zoltan Epidemiology, biology, and chemoprevention of aerodigestive cancer Cancer 74 1994 2719 2725
54. D.C. Christian Computer-assisted analysis of oral brush biopsies at an oral cancer screening program J Am Dent Assoc 133 2002 357 362
55. R.L. Scher, P.E. Oostingh, and P.A. Levine Role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of lesions of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and nasopharynx Cancer 62 1988 2602 2606
56. L.C. Portugal, K.M. Wilson, P.W. Biddinger, and J.L. Gluckman The role of toluidine blue in assessing margin status after resection of squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 122 1996 517 519
57. K.A.A.S. Warnakulasuriya, and N.W. Johnson Sensitivity and specificity of Orascan toluidine blue mouthrinse in the detection of oral cancer and precancer J Oral Pathol Med 25 1996 97 103
58. Z. Chen, I. Colon, N. Oritz, M. Callister, G. Dong, and M.Y. Pegram Effects of interleukin-1α, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and neutralizing antibody on proinflammatory cytokine expression by human squamous cell carcinoma lines Cancer Res 58 1998 3668 3676
59. Z. Chen, P.S. Malhotra, F. Ondrey, D.C. Duffy, C.W. Smith, and I. Enamorado Expression of proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines in human head and neck cancer patients Head Neck 20 1998 450
60. G. Dong, E. Loukinova, C.W. Smith, Z. Chen, and C. Van Waes Genes differentially expressed with malignant transformation and metastatic tumor progress on of murine squamous cell carcinoma J Cell Biochem Suppl 28/29 1997 90 100
61. C. Van Waes, Z. Chen, L. Cheng, M. Kirby, and C.S. Smith Cytokines in the immune pathogenesis and therapy of head and neck cancer Head Neck 20 5 1998 153
62. C.W. Boone, and G.J. Kelloff Biomarker end-points in cancer chemoprevention trials P. Toniolo P. Boffetta D.E.G. Shuker N. Rothman B. Hulka N. Pearce Application of biomarkers in cancer epidemiology (IARC Scientific Publications No. 142) 1997 International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon (France) 273 280
63. I.-C. Hsu, and T.L. Phillips Oral cavity cancer S.A. Leibel T.L. Phillips Textbook of radiation oncology 1998 WB Saunders Philadelphia 457 477
64. H.D. Curtin, H. Ishwaran, and A.A. Mancuso Comparison of CT and MR imaging in staging of neck metastases Radiology 207 1998 123 130
65. J.W. Braams, J. Pruim, and N.J.M. Freling Detection of lymph node metastases of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck with FDG-PET and MRI J Nucl Med 36 1995 211 216
66. H.R. Harnsberger Head and neck imaging 1990 Mosby Yearbook St. Louis (MO)
67. S.D. Schaefer, K.R. Maravilla, and R.A. Suss Magnetic resonance imaging vs. computed tomography. Comparison in imaging oral cavity and pharyngeal carcinomas Arch Otolaryngol 111 1985 730 734
68. S.M. Lippman, S.E. Benner, and W.K. Hong Cancer chemoprevention J Clin Oncol 12 1994 851 873
69. S.M. Lippman, J.S. Lee, R. Lotan, W. Hittelman, M.J. Wargovich, and W.K. Hong Biomarkers as intermediate end points in chemoprevention trials J Natl Cancer Inst 82 1990 555 560
70. W. Hong, J. Endicott, L.M. Itri, W. Doos, J.G. Batsakis, and R. Bell 13-cis retinoic acid in the treatment of oral leukoplakia N Engl J Med 315 1986 1501 1505
71. S.M. Lippman, J.G. Batsakis, B.B. Toth, R.S. Weber, J.J. Lee, and J.W. Martin Comparison of low-dose 13cRA with beta carotene to prevent oral carcinogenesis N Engl J Med 328 1993 15 20
72. W.K. Hong, S.M. Lippman, L.M. Itri, D.D. Karp, J.S. Lee, and R.M. Byers Prevention of second primary tumors with 13cRA in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck N Engl J Med 323 1990 795 801
73. S.E. Benner, T.F. Pajak, S.M. Lippman, C. Earley, and W.K. Hong Prevention of second primary tumors with 13cRA in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Long term follow-up J Natl Cancer Inst 86 1994 140 141
74. M.B. Sporn, and N. Suh Chemoprevention of cancer Carcinogenesis 21 2000 525 530
75. K.K. Fu, T.F. Pajak, A. Trotti, D. Chapman, J. Cooper, and A. Forastiere A Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) phase III randomized study to compare hyperfractionation and two variants of accelerated fractionation to standard fractionation radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: first report of RTOG 9003 Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 48 2000 7 16
76. L.M. Schuchter, M.L. Hensley, N.J. Meropol, and E.P. Winer 2002 update of recommendations for the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy protectants: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology J Clin Oncol 20 2002 2895 2903
77. A. Puthawala, A.M. Nisar Syed, and S. Gamie Interstitial low-dose-rate brachytherapy as a salvage treatment for recur-rent head-and-neck cancers: long-term results Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 5 2001 354 362
78. I.H. Krakoff Systemic treatment of cancer CA Cancer J Clin 46 1996 134 141
79. A.M. Kramer The role of chemotherapy in head and neck malignancy Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 5 1993 303 317
80. M. Merlano, V. Vitale, R. Rosso, M. Benasso, R. Corvo, and M. Cavallari Treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy N Engl J Med 327 1992 1115 1121