Wet scavenging of sulfur compounds and other constituents during the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX)

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 107, Issue 19, 2002, Pages

  Granat, L ^a   Norman, M ^a   Leck, C ^a   Kulshrestha, U C ^b   Rodhe, H ^a  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b INDIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY   (India)

Author keywords

Major ions; MSA; pH; Rain chemistry; Trace metals

Indexed keywords

AEROSOLS; CLOUDS; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); MASS TRANSFER; RAIN; WATER ANALYSIS;

AEROSOL; AIR MASS; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; RAINWATER; SCAVENGING (CHEMISTRY); SULFUR COMPOUND; TRACE METAL; TRAJECTORY;

ASIA; EURASIA; INDIA; INDIAN OCEAN; SOUTH ASIA;

EID: 9444263386     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001JD000499     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Andreae, M. O., and P. Merlet, Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 15(4), 955-966, 2001.
2. Benkovitz, C. M., M. T. Scholtz, J. Pacyna, L. Tarrason, J. Dignon, E. C. Voldner, P. A. Spiro, J. A. Logan, and T. E. Graedel, Global gridded inventories of anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29,239-29,253, 1996.
3. Blanchard, D. C., and A. H. Woodcock, Bubble formation and modification in the sea and its meteorological significance, Tellus, 9, 145-158, 1957.
4. Day, J. A., and J. C. Lease, Cloud nuclei generated by bursting air bubbles at the air-sea interface, Proc. Int. Conf. Cloud Phys., 25-29, 1968.
5. Galloway, J. N., D. L. Savoie, and W. C. Keene, The temporal variability of scavenging ration for nss-sulfate, nitrate, methanesulfonate and sodium in the atmosphere over the north Atlantic ocean, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 27, 235-250, 1993.
6. Gillet, R. W., and G. P. Ayers, The use of Thymol as a biocide in rainwater samples, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 25, 2677-2681, 1991.
7. Granat, L., S. N. Das, R. S. Tharkur, and H. Rodhe, Atmospheric deposition in rural areas of India - net and potential acidity, Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 130, 469-474, 2001.
8. Huebert, B. J., S. Howell, P, Laj, J. E. Johnson, T. S. Bates, P. K. Quinn, V. Yerorov, A. D. Clark, and J. N. Porter, Observations of the atmospheric sulfur cycle on SAGA-3, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16,985-16,995, 1993.
9. Keene, W. C., R. Sander, A. A. P. Pszenny, R. Vogt, P. J. Crutzen, and J. N. Galloway, Aerosol pH in the marine boundary layer: A review and model evaluation, J. Aerosol Sci., 29, 339-356, 1998.
10. Kulshrestha, U. C., M. Jain, T. R. Mandal, P. K. Gupta, A. K. Sarkar, and D. C. Parashar, Measurements of acid rain over Indian Ocean and surface measurements of atmospheric aerosols at New Delhi during INDOEX pre-campaigns, Curr. Sci., 76, 968-972, 1999.
11. Kumar, N., U. C. Kulshrestha, A. Saxena, P. Khare, K. M. Kumari, and S. S. Srivastava, Formate and acetate levels compared in monsoon and winter rainwater at Dayalbagh, Agra (India), J. Atmos. Chem., 23, 81-87, 1996.
12. Leck, C., and C. Persson, Seasonal and short-term variability in dimethyl sulfide, sulfur dioxide and biogenic sulfur and sea salt aerosol particles in the arctic marine boundary layer during summer and autumn, Tellus, Ser. B, 48, 272-299, 1996.
13. Lelieveld, J., et al., The Indian Ocean Experiment: Widespread air pollution from South and Southeast Asia, Science, 291, 1031-1036, 2001.
14. Mayol-Bracero, O. L., R. Gabriel, M. O. Andreae, T. W. Kirchstetter, T. Novakov, J. Ogren, P. Sheridan, and D. G. Streets, Carbonaceous aerosols over the Indian Ocean during INDOEX: Chemical characterization, optical properties and probable sources, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/ 2000JD000039, in press, 2002.
15. McGrath, R., Trajectory models and their use in the Irish Meteorological Service, Memo. 112/89, Irish Meteorol. Serv., Dublin, 1989.
16. Moody, J., A. P. P. Pszenny, A. Gaudry, W. C. Keene, J. N. Galloway, and G. Polian, Precipitation composition and its variability in the southern Indian Ocean: Amsterdam island, 1980-1987, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 20,769-20,786, 1991.
17. Mukhopadhyay, B., S. V. Datar, and H. N. Srivastava, Precipitation chemistry over the Indian region, Mausam, 43, 249-258, 1992.
18. Nilsson, E. D., et al., Turbulent aerosol fluxes over the Arctic Ocean, part II, Wind driven sources from the sea, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D23), 32,139-32,154, 2001.
19. Norman, M., S. N. Das, A. G. Pillai, L. Granat, and H. Rodhe, Influence of air-mass trajectories on the chemical composition of precipitation in India, Atmos. Environ., 35, 4223-4235, 2001.
20. Puxbaum, H., and W. Tscherwenka, Relative (to sulfate) ice phase enrichment of Ca and other mineralic constituents, Atmos. Environ., 32, 4011-4020, 1998.
21. Quinn, P. K., D. S. Covert, T. S. Bates, V. N. Kapustin, D. C. Ramsey-Bell, and L. M. McInnes, Dimethylsulfide/cloud condensation nuclei/climate system: Relevant size-resolved measurements of the chemical and physical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,411-10,427, 1993.
22. Quinn, P. K., D. J. Coffman, V. N. Kapustin, T. S. Bates, and D. S. Covert, Aerosol optical properties in the marine boundary layer during the first aerosol characterization experiment (ACE 1) and the underlying chemical and physical properties, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16,547-16,563, 1998.
23. Quinn, P. K., D. J. Coffman, T. S. Bates, T. L. Miller, J. E. Johnson, E. J. Welton, C. Neusüss, M. Miller, and P. J. Sheridan, Aerosol optical properties during INDOEX 1999: Means, variability, and controlling factors., J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2000JD000037, in press, 2002.
24. Ramanathan, V., et al., The Indian Ocean Experiment: An integrated assessment of the climate forcing and effects of the great Indp-Asian haze, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28,371-28,398, 2001.
25. Rao, P. S. P., Some studies on the deposition of atmospheric pollutants in different environments in India, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Pune, India, Mar. 1997.
26. Seinfeld, J. H., and S. N. Pandis, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, 1016-1026, John Wiley, New York, 1997.
27. Streets, D. G., N. Y. Tsai, H. Akimoto, and K. Oka, Sulfur emissions in Asia in the period 1985-1997, Atmos. Environ, 34, 4413-4424, 2000.
28. Tegen, I., and I. Fung, Modeling of mineral dust in the atmosphere: Sources, transport, and optical thickness, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22,897-22,914, 1994.
29. van Aardenne, J. A., G. R. Carmichael, H. Levy II, D. Streets, and L. Hordijk, Anthropogenic NOx emissions in Asia in the period 1990-2200, Atmos. Environ., 33, 633-646, 1999.
30. Zhao, D., and A. Wang, Estimation of anthropogenic ammonia emissions in Asia, Atmos. Environ., 28, 689-694, 1994.