Drug-induced renal failure: A focus on tubulointerstitial disease

Clinica Chimica Acta

Volumn 351, Issue 1-2, 2005, Pages 31-47

  Markowitz, Glen S ^a   Perazella, Mark A ^b  

^a Coll Phys Surgs 630 W 168th S ^*  (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Acute interstitial nephritis; Acute tubular necrosis; Bisphosphonates; Crystal nephropathy; Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug; Oral sodium phosphate solution; Osmotic nephropathy

Indexed keywords

ACICLOVIR; ADEFOVIR; AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AMPHOTERICIN B; ANESTHETIC AGENT; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CIDOFOVIR; CIPROFLOXACIN; CISPLATIN; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; FUROSEMIDE; HETASTARCH; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; INDINAVIR; LITHIUM; METHOXYFLURANE; METICILLIN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PHENYTOIN; RIFAMPICIN; SODIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; SULFADIAZINE; SULFONAMIDE; TENOFOVIR; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; UNINDEXED DRUG; VANCOMYCIN;

ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULE NECROSIS; ALLERGIC REACTION; CHRONIC DRUG ADMINISTRATION; CRYSTAL; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG INDUCED DISEASE; GRANULOMATOSIS; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS; KIDNEY CALCIFICATION; KIDNEY FAILURE; KIDNEY INJURY; KIDNEY TUBULE DAMAGE; KIDNEY TUBULE EPITHELIUM; NEPHROSIS; NEPHROTOXICITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; HUMANS; KIDNEY FAILURE; NEPHRITIS, INTERSTITIAL; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS;

EID: 9444243210     PISSN: 00098981     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.09.005     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. J. Ditlove, P. Weidmann, M. Bernstein, and S.G. Massry Methicillin nephritis Medicine 56 1977 483 491
2. C.L. Pirani, A. Valeri, V. D'Agati, and G.B. Appel Renal toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Contrib. Nephrol. 55 1987 159 175
3. W.A. Border, D.H. Lehman, J.D. Egan, H.J. Sass, J.E. Glode, and C.B. Wilson Antitubular basement-membrane antibodies in methicillin-associated interstitial nephritis N. Engl. J. Med. 291 1974 381 384
4. H. Matushima, K. Yonemura, K. Ohishi, and A. Hishida The role of oxygen free radicals in cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in rats J. Lab. Clin. Med. 131 1998 518 526
5. L.K. Tay, C.L. Bregman, B.A. Masters, and P.D. Williams Effects of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) on rabbit kidney in vivo or rabbit renal proximal tubule cells in culture Cancer Res. 48 1988 2538 2543
6. M.E.I. Leibbrandt, G.H.I. Wolfgang, A.L. Metz, A.A. Ozobia, and J.R. Haskins Critical subcellular targets of cisplatin and related platinum analogs in rat renal proximal tubule cells Kidney Int. 48 1995 761 770
7. G.J. Kaloyanides Drug-phospholipid interactions: role in aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity Ren. Fail. 14 1992 351 357
8. P.D. Walker, and S.V. Shah Evidence suggesting a role for hydroxyl radical in gentamicin-induced acute renal failure in rats J. Clin. Invest. 81 1988 334 341
9. B.P. Sawaya, H. Weihprecht, W.R. Campbell, J.N. Lorenz, R.C. Webb, and J.P. Briggs Direct vasoconstriction as a possible cause for amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity n rats J. Clin. Invest. 87 1991 2097 2107
10. B.P. Sawaya, J.P. Briggs, and J. Schnermann Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity: the adverse consequences of altered membrane properties J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 6 1995 154 164
11. D.M. Clive, and J.S. Stoff Renal syndromes associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs N. Engl. J. Med. 310 1984 563 572
12. A. Woywodt, A. Schwarz, M. Mengel, H. Haller, H. Zeidler, and L. Kohler Nephrotoxicity of selective COX-2 inhibitors J. Rheumatol. 28 2001 2133 2135
13. M.A. Perazella, and K. Tray Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: a pattern of nephrotoxicity similar to traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Am. J. Med. 111 2001 64 67
14. J.L. Rocha, and J. Fernandez-Alonso Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis associated with the selective COX-2 enzyme inhibitor, rofecoxib Lancet 357 2001 1946 1947
15. A.B. Alper, S. Meleg-Smith, and N.K. Krane Nephrotic syndrome and interstitial nephritis associated with celecoxib Am. J. Kidney Dis. 40 2002 1086 1090
16. J. Henao, I. Hisamuddin, C.M. Nzerue, G. Vasandani, and K. Hewan-Lowe Celecoxib-induced acute interstitial nephritis Am. J. Kidney Dis. 39 2002 1313 1317
17. G.S. Markowitz, D.C. Falkowitz, R. Isom, M. Zaki, S. Imaizumi, and G.B. Appel Membranous glomerulopathy and acute interstitial nephritis following treatment with celecoxib Clin. Nephrol. 59 2003 137 142
18. U.C. Brewster, and M.A. Perazella Acute tubulolinterstitial nephritis associated with celecoxib Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 19 2004 1017 1018
19. M.J. Rogers, S. Gordon, H.L. Benford, F.P. Coxon, S.P. Luckman, and J. Monkkonen Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates Cancer 88 2000 2961 2978
20. G.S. Markowitz, G.B. Appel, P.L. Fine, A.Z. Fenves, N.R. Loon, and S. Jagannath Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis following treatment with high-dose pamidronate J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 12 2001 1164 1172
21. L.S. Rosen, D. Gordon, M. Kaminski, A. Howell, A. Belch, and J. Mackey Zoledronic acid versus pamidronate in the treatment of skeletal metastases in patients with breast cancer or osteolytic lesions of multiple myeloma: a phase III, double-blind comparative trial Cancer J. 7 2001 377 387
22. G.S. Markowitz, P.L. Fine, J.I. Stack, C.L. Kunis, J. Radhakrishnan, and W. Palecki Toxic acute tubular necrosis following treatment with zoledronate (Zometa) Kidney Int. 64 1 2003 281 289
23. P. Barditch-Crovo, J. Toole, C.W. Hendrix, K.C. Cundy, D. Ebeling, and H.S. Jaffe Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics of adefovir dipivoxil (9-[2-(bis-pivaloyloxymethyl)- phosphonylmethoxyethyl] adenine) in HIV-infected patients J. Inf. Disp. 176 1997 406 413
24. J. Kahn, S. Lagakos, M. Wulfsohn, D. Cherng, M. Miller, and J. Cherrington Efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil with antiretroviral therapy; a randomized controlled trial JAMA 282 1999 2305 2312
25. J.M. Cherrington, S.J.W. Allen, N. Bischofberger, and M.S. Chen Kinetic interaction of the diphosphates of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine and other anti-HIV active purine congeners with HIV reverse transcriptase and human DNA polymerases α, β and γ Antivir. Chem. Chemother. 6 1995 217 221
26. K. Brinkman, H.J.M. ter Hofstede, D.M. Burger, J.A.M. Smeitink, and P.B. Koopmans Adverse effects of reverse transcriptase inhibitors; mitochondrial toxicity as common pathway AIDS 12 1998 1735 1744
27. E. Arnaudo, M. Dalakas, S. Shanske, C.T. Moraes, S. DiMauro, and E.A. Schon Depletion of muscle mitochondrial DNA in AIDS patients with zidovudine-induced myopathy Lancet 337 1991 508 510
28. N. Tanji, K. Tanji, N. Kambham, G.S. Markowitz, A. Bell, and V.D. D'Agati Adefovir nephrotoxicity: possible role of mitochondrial DNA depletion Human Pathol. 32 2001 734 740
29. J.P. Lalezari Cidofovir: a new therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Human Retrovirol. 14 1997 S22 S26
30. J.P. Lalezari, and B.D. Kuppermann Clinical experience with cidofovir in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Human Retrovirol. 14 1997 S27 S31
31. Studies of the Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group in Collaboration with the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Parenteral cidofovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS: the HPMPC peripheral cytomegalovirus retinitis trial Ann. Intern. Med. 126 1999 264 274
32. J.P. Lalezari Randomized, controlled study of the safety and efficacy of intravenous cidofovir for the treatment of relapsing cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Human Retrovirol. 17 1998 334 339
33. P. Meier, S. Dautheville-Guibal, P.M. Ronco, and J. Rossert Cidofovir-induced end-stage renal failure Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 17 2002 148 149
34. K.C. Cundy, P. Barditch-Crovo, R.E. Walker, A.C. Collier, D. Ebeling, and J. Toole Clinical pharmacokinetics of adefovir in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39 1995 2401 2405
35. E. Fisher, C. Brosgart, D. Cohn, K. Chaloner, C. Pulling, and B. Semetter Safety of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) and incidence of proximal tubular disorders (PRTD) in a placebo-controlled trial in patients with advanced HIV disease [Abstract 678] Presented at the 6th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Chicago, IL 1999
36. R.T. Schooley, P. Ruane, R.A. Myers, G. Beall, H. Lampiris, and D. Berger Tenofovir DF in antiretroviral-experienced patients: results from a 48-week, randomized, double-blind study AIDS 16 2002 1257 1263
37. P. Barditch-Crovo, S.G. Deeks, A. Collier, S. Safrin, D.F. Coakley, and M. Miller PhaseI/II trial of the pharmacokinetics, safety, and antiretroviral activity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45 2001 2733 2739
38. S. Coca, and M.A. Perazella Rapid communication: acute renal failure associated with tenofovir: evidence of drug-induced nephrotoxicity Am. J. Med. Sci. 324 6 2002 342 344
39. A. Karras, M. Lafauri, A. Furco, A. Bourgarit, D. Droz, and D. Sereni Tenofovir-related nephrotoxicity in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: three cases of renal failure, Fanconi syndrome, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus Clin. Infect. Dis. 36 8 2003 1070 1073
40. B. Schaaf, S.P. Aries, E. Kramme, J. Steinhoff, and K. Dalhoff Acute renal failure associated with tenofovir treatment in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Clin. Infect. Dis. e37 3 2003 e41 e43
41. D. Verhelst, M. Monge, J.L. Meynard, B. Fouqueray, B. Mougenot, and P.M. Girard Fanconi syndrome and renal failure induced by tenofovir: a first case report Am. J. Kidney Dis. 40 6 2002 1331 1333
42. B.S. Rifkin, and M.A. Perazella Tenofovir-associated nephrotoxicity: Fanconi syndrome and renal failure Am. J. Med. 117 2004 282 284
43. E.S. Ho, D.C. Lin, D.B. Mendel, and T. Cihlar Cytotoxicity of antiviral nucleotides adefovir and cidofovir is induced by the expression of human renal organic anion transporter 1 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 11 2000 383 393
44. T. Cihlar, D.C. Lin, J.B. Pritchard, M.D. Fuller, D.B. Mendel, and D.H. Sweet The antiviral nucleotide analogs cidofovir and adefovir are novel substrates for human and rat renal organic anion transporter 1 Mol. Pharmacol. 56 1999 570 580
45. F. Roch-Ramel Renal transport of organic anions Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 7 1998 517 524
46. D. Sweet, N. Wolff, and J. Pritchard Expression cloning and characterization of ROAT1 J. Biol. Chem. 272 1997 30088 30095
47. D. Marples, S. Christensen, E.I. Christensen, P.D. Ottosen, and S. Nielsen Lithium-induced downregulation of aquaporin-2 water channel expression in rat kidney medulla J. Clin. Invest. 95 1995 1838 1845
48. J. Hestbech, H.E. Hansen, A. Amdisen, and S. Olsen Chronic renal lesions following long-term treatment with lithium Kidney Int. 12 1977 205 213
49. M. Aurell, C. Svalander, L. Wallin, and C. Alling Renal function and biopsy findings in patients on long-term lithium treatment Kidney Int. 20 1981 663 670
50. G.S. Markowitz, J. Radhakrishnan, N. Kambham, A.M. Valeri, W.H. Hines, and V.D. D'Agati Lithium nephrotoxicity: a progressive combined glomerular and tubulointerstitial nephropathy J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 11 2000 1439 1448
51. F. Alexander, and J. Martin Nephrotic syndrome associated with lithium therapy Clin. Nephrol. 15 1981 267 271
52. V.K.K. Tamm, J. Green, J. Schwieger, and A.H. Cohen Nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency associated with lithium therapy Am. J. Kidney Dis. 27 1996 715 720
53. W. Anderson, and W. Bethea Renal lesions following administration of hypertonic solutions of sucrose JAMA 114 1940 1983 1987
54. H. Lindberg, and M. Wald Renal changes following the administration of hypertonic solutions Arch. Intern. Med. 63 1939 907 918
55. R.H. Rigdon, and E.S. Cardwell Renal lesions following the intravenous injection of hypertonic solution of sucrose: a clinical and experimental study Arch. Intern. Med. 69 1942 670 690
56. V. DiScala, W. Mautner, J. Cohen, M. Levitt, J. Churg, and S. Yunis Tubular alterations produced by osmotic diuresis with mannitol Ann. Intern. Med. 63 5 1965 767 775
57. T. Morgan, J. Little, and W. Evans Acute renal failure associated with low-molecular weight dextran infusion Br. Med. J. 2 1966 737 739
58. ASHP Commission on Therapeutics ASHP therapeutic guidelines for intravenous immune globulin Clin. Pharm. 11 1992 117 136
59. J. Barton, G. Herrera, J. Galla, L. Bertoli, J. Work, and W. Koopman Acute cryoglobulinemic renal failure after intravenous infusion of gamma globulin Am. J. Med. 82 1987 624 629
60. J. Schifferli, M. Leske, H. Favre, P. Imbach, U. Nydegger, and K. Davies High dose intravenous IgG treatment and renal function Lancet 337 1991 457 458
61. R. Rault, B. Piraino, J. Johnston, and A. Oral Pulmonary and renal toxicity of intravenous immunoglobulin Clin. Nephrol. 36 1991 83 86
62. E. Ellie, C. Combe, and X. Ferrer High-dose intravenous immune globulin and acute renal failure N. Engl. J. Med. 327 1992 1032 1033
63. R. Stewart, R. Winney, and J. Cash Renal toxicity of intravenous immunoglobulin Vox Sang. 65 1993 244
64. M. Ruggeri, G. Castaman, G. de Narde, and F. Rodeghiero Acute renal failure after high-dose intravenous immune globulin in a patient with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Haematologica 78 1993 338 339
65. A. Pasatiempo, J. Kroser, M. Ruducek, and B. Hoffman Acute renal failure after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy J. Rheumatol. 21 1994 347 349
66. N. Ahsan, B. Palmer, D. Wheeler, R. Greenlee, and R. Toto Intravenous immunoglobulin-induced osmotic nephrosis Arch. Intern. Med. 154 1994 1985 1987
67. T. Cantu, E. Hoehn-Saric, K. Burgess, L. Racusen, and P. Scheel Acute renal failure associated with immunoglobulin therapy Am. J. Kidney Dis. 25 2 1995 228 234
68. P. Poullin, B. Moulen, J. Ollier, M. Benarcha, M. Olmer, and B. Gabriel Hyperoncotic renal failure after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy Presse Med. 24 1995 441 444
69. S. Arunabh, G. Kuman, and V. Avila Acute renal failure induced by intravenous immune globulin Am. Fam. Phys. 53 1996 862 863
70. A. Corvetta, R. Della Bitta, A. Gabriella, P.J. Spaeth, and G. Danielli Use of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of three cases Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 7 1989 295 299
71. G. Rostoker, C. Philippon, D. Belghitti, A. Ben Maadi, P. Remy, and P. Lang Intravenous IgG for glomerulonephritis and renal function Lancet 338 1991 544 555
72. J. Kobosko, and P. Nicol Renal toxicity of intravenous immunoglobulin Clin. Nephrol. 37 4 1992 216 217
73. A.O. Phillips Renal failure and intravenous immunoglobulin Clin. Nephrol. 37 4 1992 217
74. B. Donatini Transient renal dysfunction in diabetic patients after IVIG therapy J. Int. Med. 232 1992 376 377
75. E. Tan, M. Hajinazarian, W. Bay, J. Neff, and J. Mendell Acute renal failure resulting from intravenous immmunoglobulin therapy Arch. Neurol. 50 1993 137 139
76. D.B. Winward, and M.T. Brophy Acute renal failure after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin: review of the literature and case report Pharmacotherapy 15 6 1995 765 772
77. S. Hansen-Schmidt, J. Silomon, and F. Keller Osmotic nephrosis due to high dose immunoglobulin therapy containing sucrose (but not with glycine) in a patient with immunoglobulin A nephritis Am. J. Kidney Dis. 28 1996 451 453
78. K.D. Friedman, M.C. Saddler, A.C. Tarnover, G. Yang, and A.M. Harford Transient renal failure in a patient with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura after treatment with concomitant protein-A immunosorption and intravenous immune globulin Blood 80 Suppl. 1 1992 483 [Abstract]
79. D. Tsinalis, M. Dickenmann, F. Brunner, L. Gurke, M. Mihatsch, and V. Nickeleit Acute renal failure in a renal allograft recipient treated with intravenous immunoglobulin Am. J. Kidney Dis. 40 2002 667 670
80. S.L. Schwartz, and C.B. Johnson Pinocytosis as cause of sucrose nephrosis Nephron 8 1971 246 254
81. A.V. Cayco, M.A. Perazella, and J.P. Hayslett Renal insufficiency following intravenous immune globulin therapy: a report of two cases and analysis of the literature J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 8 1997 1788 1794
82. C. Legendre, E. Thervet, B. Page, A. Percheron, L.H. Noel, and H. Kreis Hydroxyethylstarch and osmotic-nephrosis-like lesions in kidney transplantation Lancet 342 1993 248 249
83. M.L. Cittanova, I. Lebanc, C. Legendre, C. Mouquet, B. Riou, and P. Coriat Effect of hydroxyethylstarch in brain-dead kidney donors on renal function in kidney-transplant recipients Lancet 348 1996 1620 1622
84. A. Deman, P. Peeters, and J. Sennesael Hydroxyethyl starch does not impair immediate renal function in kidney transplant recipients: a retrospective, multicentre analysis Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 14 1999 1517 1520
85. C. Bernard, M. Alain, C. Simone, M. Xavier, and M. Jean-Francois Hydroxyethylstarch and osmotic nephrosis-like lesions in kidney transplants Lancet 348 1996 1595
86. A.D. LaBarthe, F. Jacobs, and F. Blot Acute renal failure secondary to hydroxyethylstarch administration in a surgical patient Am. J. Med. 111 2001 417 418
87. M.J. Dickenmann, M. Filipovic, M.C. Schneider, and F.P. Brunner Hydroxyethylstarch-associated transient acute renal failure after epidural anaesthesia for labour analgesia and caesarean section Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 13 1998 2706
88. F. Schortgen, J.C. Lacherade, F. Bruneel, I. Cattaneo, F. Hemery, and F. Lemaire Effects of hydroxyethylstarch and gelatin on renal function in severe sepsis: a multicentre randomized study Lancet 357 2001 911 916
89. C.A. Edwards, and G.A. Knoll Hydroxyethylstarch (HES) and the risk of delayed graft function (DGF) following renal transplantation J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13 2002 375A 376A
90. J.S. Berns, R.M. Cohen, R.J. Stumacher, and M.R. Rudnick Renal aspects of therapy for human immunodeficiency virus and associated opportunistic infections J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1 1991 1061 1080
91. G.B. Fogazzi Crystalluria: a neglected aspect of urinary sediment analysis Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 11 1996 379 387
92. M.A. Perazella, and E. Brown Electrolyte and acid-base disorders associated with AIDS: An etiologic review J. Gen. Intern. Med. 9 1994 232 236
93. D.I. Simon, F.C. Brosius, and D.M. Rothstein Sulfadiazine-induced crystalluria revisited. The treatment of Toxoplasma encephalitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome Arch. Intern. Med. 150 1990 2379 2384
94. L.G. Carbone, B. Bendixen, and G.B. Appel Sulfadiazine-associated obstructive nephropathy occurring in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome Am. J. Kidney Dis. 12 1988 72 75
95. R. Hein, R. Brunkhorst, and W.F. Thon Symptomatic sulfadiazine crystalluria in AIDS patients: a report of two cases Clin. Nephrol. 39 1993 254 256
96. J.P. Sasson, P.L. Dratch, and M.J. Shortsleeve Renal ultrasound findings in sulfadiazine-induced crystalluria Radiology 185 1992 739 740
97. J.M. Molina, X. Belenfant, and T. Doco-Lecompte Sulfadiazine-induced crystalluria in AIDS patients with toxoplasma encephalitis AIDS 5 1991 587 589
98. P. de Sequera, M. Albalate, J. Hernandez, A. Vasquez, J. Abad, and E. Ramiro Acute renal failure due to sulfadiazine crystalluria in AIDS patients Postgrad. Med. J. 72 1996 557 558
99. F. Diaz, J. Collazos, J. Mayo, and E. Martinez Sulfadiazine-induced multiple urolithiasis and acute renal failure in a patient with AIDS and Toxoplasma encephalitis Ann. Pharmacol. 30 1996 41 42
100. M.H. Sawyer, D.E. Webb, J.E. Balow, and S.E. Straus Acyclovir-induced renal failure. Clinical course and histology Am. J. Med. 84 1988 1067 1071
101. D. Brigden, A.E. Rosling, and N.C. Woods Renal function after acyclovir intravenous injection Am. J. Med. 73 Suppl. 1A 1982 182 185
102. R.F. Keeney, L.E. Kirk, and D. Brigden Acyclovir tolerance in humans Am. J. Med. 73 Suppl. 1A 1982 176 181
103. B. Bean, and D. Aeppli Adverse effects of high-dose intravenous acyclovir in ambulatory patients with acute herpes zoster J. Inf. Disp. 151 1985 362 365
104. A. Giustina, G. Romanelli, A. Cimino, and G. Brunon Low dose acyclovir and acute renal failure (letter) Ann. Intern. Med. 108 1988 312
105. P. Eck, S.M. Silver, and E.C. Clark Acute renal failure and coma after a high dose of oral acyclovir (letter) N. Engl. J. Med. 325 1991 1178
106. M. Dos Santos, O.F. Dos Santos, M.A. Boim, C.V. Razvickas, L.A. de Moura, and H. Ajzen Nephrotoxicity of acyclovir and ganciclovir in rats: Evaluation of glomerular hemodynamics J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 8 1997 361 367
107. B.F. Krieble, D.W. Rudy, M.R. Glick, and M.D. Clayman Acyclovir neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity-the role for hemodialysis Am. J. Med. Sci. 305 1993 36 39
108. R. Gulick, J. Mellors, D. Havlir, J.J. Eron, C. Gonzalez, and D. McMahon Treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine in adults with Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy N. Engl. J. Med. 337 1997 734 739
109. K.T. Tashima, J.D. Horowitz, and S. Rosen Indinavir nephropathy (letter) N. Engl. J. Med. 336 1997 138 139
110. M.A. Perazella, M. Kashgarian, and E. Cooney Indinavir nephropathy in an HIV infected patient with renal insufficiency and pyuria Clin. Nephrol. 50 1998 194 196
111. M. Daudon, L. Estepa, J.P. Viard, D. Joly, and P. Jungers Urinary stones in HIV-1 positive patients treated with indinavir Lancet 349 1997 1205 1294
112. J.B. Kopp, K.D. Miller, J.A. Mican, I.M. Feuerstein, E. Vaughan, and C. Baker Crystalluria and urinary tract abnormalities associated with indinavir Ann. Intern. Med. 127 1997 119 125
113. M.C. Bach Indinavir nephrolithiasis in warm climates (letter) J. AIDS 14 1997 296 297
114. J.S. Berns, R.M. Cohen, M. Silverman, and J. Turner Acute renal failure due to indinavir crystalluria and nephrolithiasis: report of two cases Am. J. Kidney Dis. 30 1997 558 560
115. M. Grunke, T. Valerius, B. Manger, J.R. Kalden, and T. Harrer Renal dysfunction in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient who was treated with indinavir Clin. Infect. Dis. 25 1997 1270 1271
116. R.F. Reilly, K. Tray, and M.A. Perazella Indinavir nephropathy revisited: a pattern of insidious renal failure with identifiable risk factors Am. J. Kidney Dis. 38 2001 E23 E28
117. S.M. Cohen, S.D. Wexner, S.R. Binderow, J.J. Nogueras, N. Daniel, and E.D. Ehrenpre Prospective, randomized, endoscopic-blinded trial comparing precolonoscopy bowel cleansing methods Dis. Colon Rectum 37 1984 689 696
118. G.S. Markowitz, S.H. Nasr, P. Klein, H. Anderson, J.I. Stack, and L. Alterman Renal failure due to acute nephrocalcinosis following oral sodium phosphate bowel cleansing Human Pathol. 35 2004 675 684
119. M. Orias, R.L. Mahnensmith, and M.A. Perazella Extreme hyperphosphatemia and acute renal failure after a phosphorus-containing bowel regimen Am. J. Nephrol. 19 1999 60 63