메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 181-197

Increased breathing control: Another factor in the evolution of human language

Author keywords

KNM WT 15000; Respiratory muscles; Speech; Vertebral canal; Vocalization

Indexed keywords

HOMINIDAE; PRIMATES;

EID: 9344268254     PISSN: 10601538     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/evan.20032     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (91)

References (139)
  • 3
    • 0019198482 scopus 로고
    • Monkey responses to three different alarm calls
    • Seyfarth RM, Cheney DL, Marler P. 1980. Monkey responses to three different alarm calls. Science 210:801-803.
    • (1980) Science , vol.210 , pp. 801-803
    • Seyfarth, R.M.1    Cheney, D.L.2    Marler, P.3
  • 8
    • 0034192071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the relation of speech to language
    • Liberman AM, Whalen DH. 2001. On the relation of speech to language. Trends Cog Sci 4:187-196.
    • (2001) Trends Cog Sci , vol.4 , pp. 187-196
    • Liberman, A.M.1    Whalen, D.H.2
  • 9
    • 85050844228 scopus 로고
    • Primate communication and the gestural origin of language
    • Hewes GW. 1973. Primate communication and the gestural origin of language. Curr Anthropol 14:5-24.
    • (1973) Curr Anthropol , vol.14 , pp. 5-24
    • Hewes, G.W.1
  • 10
    • 0002754918 scopus 로고
    • Primate communication and the gestural origin of language
    • Hewes GW. 1992. Primate communication and the gestural origin of language. Curr Anthropol 33:65-84.
    • (1992) Curr Anthropol , vol.33 , pp. 65-84
    • Hewes, G.W.1
  • 11
    • 0002930266 scopus 로고
    • Evolving mixed-media messages and grammatical language: Secondary uses of neural sequencing machinery needed for ballistic movements
    • Wind J, Chiarelli B, Bichakjian B, Nocentini A, editors. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Calvin WH. 1992. Evolving mixed-media messages and grammatical language: secondary uses of neural sequencing machinery needed for ballistic movements. In: Wind J, Chiarelli B, Bichakjian B, Nocentini A, editors. Language origin: a multidisciplinary approach. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers p 163-179.
    • (1992) Language Origin: A Multidisciplinary Approach , pp. 163-179
    • Calvin, W.H.1
  • 14
    • 0022260320 scopus 로고
    • Primate communication, comparative neurology and the origin of language re-examined
    • Steklis HD. 1985. Primate communication, comparative neurology and the origin of language re-examined. J Hum Evol 14:157-173.
    • (1985) J Hum E , vol.14 , pp. 157-173
    • Steklis, H.D.1
  • 15
    • 0023707322 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of human lateral asymmetries: New evidence and second thoughts
    • Bradshaw JL. 1988. The evolution of human lateral asymmetries: new evidence and second thoughts. J Hum Evol 17:615-637.
    • (1988) J Hum E , vol.17 , pp. 615-637
    • Bradshaw, J.L.1
  • 16
    • 0001028618 scopus 로고
    • Coevolution of neocortical size, group size and language in humans
    • Dunbar RIM. 1993. Coevolution of neocortical size, group size and language in humans. Behav Brain Sci 16:681-735.
    • (1993) Behav Brain Sci , vol.16 , pp. 681-735
    • Dunbar, R.I.M.1
  • 17
    • 0000842108 scopus 로고
    • The role of articulation in the production of rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta, vocalizations
    • Hauser MD, Evans CS, Marler P. 1993. The role of articulation in the production of rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta, vocalizations. Anim Behav 45:423-433.
    • (1993) Anim Behav , vol.45 , pp. 423-433
    • Hauser, M.D.1    Evans, C.S.2    Marler, P.3
  • 18
    • 84996098689 scopus 로고
    • Vocal production in nonhuman primates: Acoustics, physiology, and functional constraints on "honest" advertisement
    • Fitch WT, Hauser MD. 1995. Vocal production in nonhuman primates: acoustics, physiology, and functional constraints on "honest" advertisement. Am J Primatol 37:191-219.
    • (1995) Am J Primatol , vol.37 , pp. 191-219
    • Fitch, W.T.1    Hauser, M.D.2
  • 19
    • 0025629514 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of articulate speech: Comparative anatomy of the oral cavity in Pan and Homo
    • Duchin LE. 1990. The evolution of articulate speech: comparative anatomy of the oral cavity in Pan and Homo. J Hum Evol 19:687-697.
    • (1990) J Hum E , vol.19 , pp. 687-697
    • Duchin, L.E.1
  • 20
    • 0000516987 scopus 로고
    • The anatomy, physiology, acoustics and perception of speech-essential elements in analysis of the evolution of human speech
    • Lieberman P, Laitman JT, Reidenberg JS, Gannon PJ. 1992. The anatomy, physiology, acoustics and perception of speech-essential elements in analysis of the evolution of human speech. J Hum Evol 23:447-467.
    • (1992) J Hum E , vol.23 , pp. 447-467
    • Lieberman, P.1    Laitman, J.T.2    Reidenberg, J.S.3    Gannon, P.J.4
  • 21
    • 0028098206 scopus 로고
    • Speech production during mechanical ventilation in tracheostomized individuals
    • Hoit JD, Shea SA, Banzett RB. 1994. Speech production during mechanical ventilation in tracheostomized individuals. J Speech Hear Res 37:53-63.
    • (1994) J Speech Hear Res , vol.37 , pp. 53-63
    • Hoit, J.D.1    Shea, S.A.2    Banzett, R.B.3
  • 22
    • 0028338739 scopus 로고
    • Is speech temporally segmented: Comparison with temporal segmentation in behavior
    • Kien J, Kemp A. 1994. Is speech temporally segmented: comparison with temporal segmentation in behavior. Brain Lang 46:662-682.
    • (1994) Brain Lang , vol.46 , pp. 662-682
    • Kien, J.1    Kemp, A.2
  • 26
    • 51249173437 scopus 로고
    • The significance of call duration in howler monkeys
    • Sekulic R, Chivers DJ. 1986. The significance of call duration in howler monkeys. Int J Primatol 7:183-190.
    • (1986) Int J Primatol , vol.7 , pp. 183-190
    • Sekulic, R.1    Chivers, D.J.2
  • 27
    • 0032992619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of human speech: The role of enhanced breathing control
    • MacLarnon AM, Hewitt GP. 1999. The evolution of human speech: the role of enhanced breathing control. Am J Phys Anthropol 109:341-363.
    • (1999) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.109 , pp. 341-363
    • MacLarnon, A.M.1    Hewitt, G.P.2
  • 28
    • 0002103533 scopus 로고
    • The origin and evolution of the calls and facial expressions of the primates
    • Andrew RJ. 1963. The origin and evolution of the calls and facial expressions of the primates. Behaviour 20:1-109.
    • (1963) Behaviour , vol.20 , pp. 1-109
    • Andrew, R.J.1
  • 29
    • 0024154803 scopus 로고
    • Variations in vocal patterns of Senegal and South African lesser bushbabies and their implications for taxonomic relationships
    • Zimmermann E, Bearder SK, Doyle GA, Andersson AB. 1988. Variations in vocal patterns of Senegal and South African lesser bushbabies and their implications for taxonomic relationships. Folia Primatol 51:87-105.
    • (1988) Folia Primatol , vol.51 , pp. 87-105
    • Zimmermann, E.1    Bearder, S.K.2    Doyle, G.A.3    Andersson, A.B.4
  • 30
    • 0027834674 scopus 로고
    • Functions of wild gorilla close calls, 1: Repertoire, context, and interspecific comparison
    • Harcourt AH, Stewart KJ, Hauser M. 1993. Functions of wild gorilla close calls, 1: repertoire, context, and interspecific comparison. Behaviour 124:89-122.
    • (1993) Behaviour , vol.124 , pp. 89-122
    • Harcourt, A.H.1    Stewart, K.J.2    Hauser, M.3
  • 31
    • 0014061694 scopus 로고
    • Scaling of respiratory variables in mammals
    • Stahl WR. 1967. Scaling of respiratory variables in mammals. J Appl Physiol 22:453-460.
    • (1967) J Appl Physiol , vol.22 , pp. 453-460
    • Stahl, W.R.1
  • 33
    • 0000666162 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary observations of wild black-crested gibbons (Hylobates concolor concolor) in Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
    • Haimoff EH, Yang XJ, He SJ, Chen N. 1987. Preliminary observations of wild black-crested gibbons (Hylobates concolor concolor) in Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China. Primates 28:319-335.
    • (1987) Primates , vol.28 , pp. 319-335
    • Haimoff, E.H.1    Yang, X.J.2    He, S.J.3    Chen, N.4
  • 34
    • 0036038308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The functions of laryngeal air sacs in primates: A new hypothesis
    • Hewitt GP, MacLarnon AM. 2002. The functions of laryngeal air sacs in primates: a new hypothesis. Folia Primatol 73:70-94.
    • (2002) Folia Primatol , vol.73 , pp. 70-94
    • Hewitt, G.P.1    MacLarnon, A.M.2
  • 35
    • 0014061694 scopus 로고
    • Scaling of respiratory variables in mammals
    • Stahl WR. 1967. Scaling of respiratory variables in mammals. J Appl Physiol 22:453-460.
    • (1967) J Appl Physiol , vol.22 , pp. 453-460
    • Stahl, W.R.1
  • 36
    • 0002715524 scopus 로고
    • Comparative quantitative morphology of the mammalian lung: Diffusing area
    • Tenney SM, Remmers JE. 1963. Comparative quantitative morphology of the mammalian lung: diffusing area. Nature 197:54-56.
    • (1963) Nature , vol.197 , pp. 54-56
    • Tenney, S.M.1    Remmers, J.E.2
  • 39
    • 0028229205 scopus 로고
    • Modification in activity of medullary respiratory-related neurons for vocalisation and swallowing
    • Larson CR, Yajima Y, Ko P. 1994. Modification in activity of medullary respiratory-related neurons for vocalisation and swallowing. J Neurophysiol 71:2294-2304.
    • (1994) J Neurophysiol , vol.71 , pp. 2294-2304
    • Larson, C.R.1    Yajima, Y.2    Ko, P.3
  • 40
    • 9044232150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural control of vocalization: Respiratory and emotional influences
    • Davis PJ, Zhang SP, Winkworth A, Bandler R. 1996. Neural control of vocalization: respiratory and emotional influences. J Voice 10:23-38.
    • (1996) J Voice , vol.10 , pp. 23-38
    • Davis, P.J.1    Zhang, S.P.2    Winkworth, A.3    Bandler, R.4
  • 41
    • 85005688638 scopus 로고
    • Individuality in long-range vocalisation of wild chimpanzees
    • Marler P, Hobbett L. 1975. Individuality in long-range vocalisation of wild chimpanzees. Z Tierpsychol 38:97-109.
    • (1975) Z Tierpsychol , vol.38 , pp. 97-109
    • Marler, P.1    Hobbett, L.2
  • 42
    • 0002128640 scopus 로고
    • Signalling behaviour of apes with special reference to vocalizations
    • Sebeok TA, editor. Bloomington: Indiana University Press
    • Marler P, Tenaza R. 1977. Signalling behaviour of apes with special reference to vocalizations. In: Sebeok TA, editor. How animals communicate. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, p 965-1033.
    • (1977) How Animals Communicate , pp. 965-1033
    • Marler, P.1    Tenaza, R.2
  • 43
    • 84996105758 scopus 로고
    • Acoustic analysis of wild chimpanzee pant hoots: Do Kibale forest chimpanzees have an accoustically distinct arrival pant hoot?
    • Clark AP. Wrangham RW. 1993. Acoustic analysis of wild chimpanzee pant hoots: do Kibale forest chimpanzees have an accoustically distinct arrival pant hoot? Am J Primatol 31:99-109.
    • (1993) Am J Primatol , vol.31 , pp. 99-109
    • Clark, A.P.1    Wrangham, R.W.2
  • 45
    • 0002409214 scopus 로고
    • The vocal repertoire and song of the agile gibbon
    • Preuschoft H, Chivers DJ, Brockleman WY, Creel N, editors. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
    • Gittins SP. 1984. The vocal repertoire and song of the agile gibbon. In: Preuschoft H, Chivers DJ, Brockleman WY, Creel N, editors. The lesser apes: evolutionary and behavioural biology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p 354-375.
    • (1984) The Lesser Apes: Evolutionary and Behavioural Biology , pp. 354-375
    • Gittins, S.P.1
  • 46
    • 84990106118 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of anti-resonance in the song of the siamang (Hylobates syndactylus)
    • Haimoff EH. 1983. Occurrence of anti-resonance in the song of the siamang (Hylobates syndactylus). Am J Primatol 5:249-256.
    • (1983) Am J Primatol , vol.5 , pp. 249-256
    • Haimoff, E.H.1
  • 47
    • 0001868203 scopus 로고
    • Acoustic and organizational features of gibbon songs
    • Preuschoft H, Chivers DJ, Brockleman WY, Creel N, editors. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
    • Haimoff EH. 1984. Acoustic and organizational features of gibbon songs. In: Preuschoft H, Chivers DJ, Brockleman WY, Creel N, editors. The lesser apes: evolutionary and behavioural biology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, p 333-353.
    • (1984) The Lesser Apes: Evolutionary and Behavioural Biology , pp. 333-353
    • Haimoff, E.H.1
  • 48
    • 0344855856 scopus 로고
    • How do and should studies of animal communication affect the interpretation of a child's phonological development?
    • Ferguson C, Menn L, Stoel-Gammon C, editors. Maryland: York Press
    • Hauser MD, Marler P. 1992. How do and should studies of animal communication affect the interpretation of a child's phonological development? In: Ferguson C, Menn L, Stoel-Gammon C, editors. Phonological development. Maryland: York Press, p 663-680.
    • (1992) Phonological Development , pp. 663-680
    • Hauser, M.D.1    Marler, P.2
  • 49
    • 0001910951 scopus 로고
    • Variation in vocal pattern with social situation on the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata): A field study
    • Rosenblum LA, editor. New York: Academic Press
    • Green S. 1975. Variation in vocal pattern with social situation on the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata): a field study. In: Rosenblum LA, editor. Primate behaviour: developments in field and laboratory research. New York: Academic Press, p 1-102.
    • (1975) Primate Behaviour: Developments in Field and Laboratory Research , pp. 1-102
    • Green, S.1
  • 50
    • 0033778321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vocalization-correlated respiratory movements in the squirrel monkey
    • Häusler U. 2000. Vocalization-correlated respiratory movements in the squirrel monkey. J Acoust Soc Am 108:1443-1450.
    • (2000) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.108 , pp. 1443-1450
    • Häusler, U.1
  • 51
    • 0029441782 scopus 로고
    • Modes of vocal variation in sykes monkey (Cercopithecus albogularis) squeals
    • Brown CH, Cannito MP. 1995. Modes of vocal variation in sykes monkey (Cercopithecus albogularis) squeals. J Comp Psyc 109:398-415.
    • (1995) J Comp Psyc , vol.109 , pp. 398-415
    • Brown, C.H.1    Cannito, M.P.2
  • 52
    • 0002068681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laughter
    • Provine RR. 1996. Laughter. Am Sci 84:38-45.
    • (1996) Am Sci , vol.84 , pp. 38-45
    • Provine, R.R.1
  • 53
    • 9344254559 scopus 로고
    • Physiology of phonation in primates
    • Kelemen G. 1958. Physiology of phonation in primates. Logos 1:32-35.
    • (1958) Logos , vol.1 , pp. 32-35
    • Kelemen, G.1
  • 54
    • 0038557915 scopus 로고
    • Respirationsorgane, A: Larynx
    • Starck D, Schneider R. 1960. Respirationsorgane, A: larynx. Primatologia 3:423-587.
    • (1960) Primatologia , vol.3 , pp. 423-587
    • Starck, D.1    Schneider, R.2
  • 55
    • 0025612365 scopus 로고
    • Speech breathing in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury
    • Hoit JD, Banzett KB, Brown R, Loring SH. 1990. Speech breathing in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury. J Speech Hear Res 33:798-807.
    • (1990) J Speech Hear Res , vol.33 , pp. 798-807
    • Hoit, J.D.1    Banzett, K.B.2    Brown, R.3    Loring, S.H.4
  • 56
    • 0027526396 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory and laryngeal function of women and men during vocal intensity variation
    • Stathopoulos ET, Sapienza C. 1993. Respiratory and laryngeal function of women and men during vocal intensity variation. J Speech Hear Res 36:64-75.
    • (1993) J Speech Hear Res , vol.36 , pp. 64-75
    • Stathopoulos, E.T.1    Sapienza, C.2
  • 57
    • 0034252358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulations in respiratory and laryngeal activity associated with changes in vocal intensity during speech
    • Finnegan EM, Luschei ES, Hoffman HT. 2000. Modulations in respiratory and laryngeal activity associated with changes in vocal intensity during speech. J Speech Lang Hear Res 43:934-950.
    • (2000) J Speech Lang Hear Res , vol.43 , pp. 934-950
    • Finnegan, E.M.1    Luschei, E.S.2    Hoffman, H.T.3
  • 58
    • 0026632833 scopus 로고
    • Fundamental frequency declination is not unique to human speech: Evidence from nonhuman primates
    • Hauser MD, Fowler CA. 1992. Fundamental frequency declination is not unique to human speech: evidence from nonhuman primates. J Acoust Soc Am 91:363-369.
    • (1992) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.91 , pp. 363-369
    • Hauser, M.D.1    Fowler, C.A.2
  • 59
    • 0034123873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interrelationship of subglottic air pressure, fundamental frequency, and vocal intensity during speech
    • Plant RL, Younger RM. 2000. The interrelationship of subglottic air pressure, fundamental frequency, and vocal intensity during speech. J Voice 14:170-177.
    • (2000) J Voice , vol.14 , pp. 170-177
    • Plant, R.L.1    Younger, R.M.2
  • 60
    • 0013368369 scopus 로고
    • Voice disorders in relation to respiratory kinematics
    • Hixon TJ, Putnam AHB. 1983. Voice disorders in relation to respiratory kinematics. Semin Speech Lang 4:217-231.
    • (1983) Semin Speech Lang , vol.4 , pp. 217-231
    • Hixon, T.J.1    Putnam, A.H.B.2
  • 61
    • 84981847592 scopus 로고
    • Linguistic aspects of respiratory phenomena
    • Ladefoged P. 1968. Linguistic aspects of respiratory phenomena. Ann NY Acad Sci 155:141-151.
    • (1968) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.155 , pp. 141-151
    • Ladefoged, P.1
  • 62
    • 0041069633 scopus 로고
    • The letterforms of Han'gul: Its origin and process of transformation
    • Dorean National Commission for UNESCO (ed), Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers and Arch Cape, Oregon: Pace International Research
    • Kim J-P. 1983. The letterforms of Han'gul: its origin and process of transformation. In: Dorean National Commission for UNESCO (ed), The Korean Language. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers and Arch Cape, Oregon: Pace International Research.
    • (1983) The Korean Language
    • Kim, J.-P.1
  • 63
    • 84981870444 scopus 로고
    • The respiratory muscles
    • Campbell EJM. 1968. The respiratory muscles. Ann NY Acad Sci 155:135-140.
    • (1968) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.155 , pp. 135-140
    • Campbell, E.J.M.1
  • 64
    • 0344855857 scopus 로고
    • Muscular activity in normal and abnormal ventilation
    • Wyke B, editor. London: Oxford University Press
    • Campbell EJM. 1974. Muscular activity in normal and abnormal ventilation. In: Wyke B, editor. Ventilatory and phonatory control systems. London: Oxford University Press, p 3-11.
    • (1974) Ventilatory and Phonatory Control Systems , pp. 3-11
    • Campbell, E.J.M.1
  • 65
    • 0003025413 scopus 로고
    • Interrelationships between voice and laryngeal mucosal reflexes
    • Wyke B, editors. London: Oxford University Press
    • Gould WJ, Okamura H. 1974. Interrelationships between voice and laryngeal mucosal reflexes. In: Wyke B, editors. Ventilatory and phonatory Control Systems. London: Oxford University Press, p 347-369.
    • (1974) Ventilatory and Phonatory Control Systems , pp. 347-369
    • Gould, W.J.1    Okamura, H.2
  • 68
    • 72849173329 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of the intercostal muscles to the effort of respiration in man
    • Taylor A. 1960. The contribution of the intercostal muscles to the effort of respiration in man. J Physiol 151:390-402.
    • (1960) J Physiol , vol.151 , pp. 390-402
    • Taylor, A.1
  • 70
    • 0344424068 scopus 로고
    • Breathing mechanics during phonation and singing
    • Wyke B, editor. London: Oxford University Press
    • Proctor DF. 1974. Breathing mechanics during phonation and singing. In: Wyke B, editor. Ventilatory and phonatory control systems. London: Oxford University Press, p 39-57.
    • (1974) Ventilatory and Phonatory Control Systems , pp. 39-57
    • Proctor, D.F.1
  • 71
    • 0017067764 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of the chest wall during speech production: Function of the thorax, rib cage, diaphragm and abdomen
    • Hixon TJ, Mead J, Goldman MD. 1976. Dynamics of the chest wall during speech production: function of the thorax, rib cage, diaphragm and abdomen. J Speech Hear Res 19:297-356.
    • (1976) J Speech Hear Res , vol.19 , pp. 297-356
    • Hixon, T.J.1    Mead, J.2    Goldman, M.D.3
  • 72
    • 0028887530 scopus 로고
    • Perspectives on the Edinburgh study of speech breathing
    • Hixon TJ, Weismer G. 1995. Perspectives on the Edinburgh study of speech breathing. J Speech Hear Res 38:42-60.
    • (1995) J Speech Hear Res , vol.38 , pp. 42-60
    • Hixon, T.J.1    Weismer, G.2
  • 73
    • 84981860679 scopus 로고
    • The control of respiratory muscles during voluntary breathing
    • Sears TA, Newsom Davis J. 1968. The control of respiratory muscles during voluntary breathing. Ann NY Acad Sci 155:183-190.
    • (1968) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.155 , pp. 183-190
    • Sears, T.A.1    Newsom Davis, J.2
  • 75
    • 0345287133 scopus 로고
    • The configuration of the chest wall during speech
    • Wyke B, editor. London: Oxford University Press
    • Mead J, Hixon TJ, Goldman MD. 1974. The configuration of the chest wall during speech. In: Wyke B, editor. Ventilatory and phonatory control systems. London: Oxford University Press. p 58-75.
    • (1974) Ventilatory and Phonatory Control Systems , pp. 58-75
    • Mead, J.1    Hixon, T.J.2    Goldman, M.D.3
  • 76
    • 0026042826 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory muscle activity during vocalization in the squirrel monkey
    • Jurgens U, Schreiver S. 1991. Respiratory muscle activity during vocalization in the squirrel monkey. Folia Primatol 56:121-132.
    • (1991) Folia Primatol , vol.56 , pp. 121-132
    • Jurgens, U.1    Schreiver, S.2
  • 77
    • 0027466205 scopus 로고
    • Laryngeal and respiratory activity during vocalization in macaque monkeys
    • West R, Larson CR. 1993. Laryngeal and respiratory activity during vocalization in macaque monkeys. J Voice 7:54-68.
    • (1993) J Voice , vol.7 , pp. 54-68
    • West, R.1    Larson, C.R.2
  • 79
    • 0345718765 scopus 로고
    • Olson's "projective verse" and the use of breath control as a structural element
    • Lieberman MR, Lieberman P. 1973. Olson's "projective verse" and the use of breath control as a structural element. Lang Style 5:287-298.
    • (1973) Lang Style , vol.5 , pp. 287-298
    • Lieberman, M.R.1    Lieberman, P.2
  • 80
    • 0022266770 scopus 로고
    • Early Homo erectus skeleton from west Lake Turkana, Kenya
    • Brown F, Harris J, Leakey R, Walker A. 1985. Early Homo erectus skeleton from west Lake Turkana, Kenya. Nature 316:788-792.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.316 , pp. 788-792
    • Brown, F.1    Harris, J.2    Leakey, R.3    Walker, A.4
  • 82
    • 0042008427 scopus 로고
    • The vertebrate canal
    • Walker A, Leakey R, editors. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
    • MacLarnon AM. 1993. The vertebrate canal. In: Walker A, Leakey R, editors. The Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p 359-390.
    • (1993) The Nariokotome Homo Erectus Skeleton , pp. 359-390
    • MacLarnon, A.M.1
  • 83
    • 0029757538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The scaling of gross dimensions of the spinal cord in primates and other species
    • MacLarnon AM. 1996. The scaling of gross dimensions of the spinal cord in primates and other species. J Hum Evol 30:71-87.
    • (1996) J Hum E , vol.30 , pp. 71-87
    • MacLarnon, A.M.1
  • 85
    • 0029729475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the spinal cord in primates: Evidence from the foramen magnum and the vertebral canal
    • MacLarnon AM. 1996. The evolution of the spinal cord in primates: evidence from the foramen magnum and the vertebral canal. J Hum Evol 30:121-138.
    • (1996) J Hum E , vol.30 , pp. 121-138
    • MacLarnon, A.M.1
  • 86
    • 0002360696 scopus 로고
    • The physiological age of KNM-WT 15000
    • Walker A, Leakey R, editors. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
    • Smith BH. 1993. The physiological age of KNM-WT 15000. In: Walker A, Leakey R, editors. The Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, p 195-200.
    • (1993) The Nariokotome Homo Erectus Skeleton , pp. 195-200
    • Smith, B.H.1
  • 87
    • 0011866190 scopus 로고
    • Use of transparencies in evaluating the width of the spinal canal in infants, children, and adults
    • Hinck VC, Hopkins CE, Clark WM. 1962. Use of transparencies in evaluating the width of the spinal canal in infants, children, and adults. Radiology 79:109-114.
    • (1962) Radiology , vol.79 , pp. 109-114
    • Hinck, V.C.1    Hopkins, C.E.2    Clark, W.M.3
  • 88
    • 0013909255 scopus 로고
    • Normal interpediculate distances (minimum and maximum) in children and adults
    • Hinck VC, Hopkins CE, Savara BS. 1962. Normal interpediculate distances (minimum and maximum) in children and adults. Am J Roentgenol 97:141-153.
    • (1962) Am J Roentgenol , vol.97 , pp. 141-153
    • Hinck, V.C.1    Hopkins, C.E.2    Savara, B.S.3
  • 89
    • 0011866190 scopus 로고
    • Use of transparencies in evaluating the width of the spinal canal in infants, children and adults
    • Haworth JB, Keillor GW. 1962. Use of transparencies in evaluating the width of the spinal canal in infants, children and adults. Radiology 79:109-114.
    • (1962) Radiology , vol.79 , pp. 109-114
    • Haworth, J.B.1    Keillor, G.W.2
  • 90
    • 0033512697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axial and appendicular skeleton of Homo antecessor
    • Carretero JM, Lorenzo C, Arsuaga JL. 1999. Axial and appendicular skeleton of Homo antecessor. J Hum Evol 37:459-499.
    • (1999) J Hum E , vol.37 , pp. 459-499
    • Carretero, J.M.1    Lorenzo, C.2    Arsuaga, J.L.3
  • 92
    • 0029519551 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of spinal cord tissues and locomotor adaptations in primates
    • MacLarnon AM. 1995. The distribution of spinal cord tissues and locomotor adaptations in primates. J Hum Evol 29:463-482.
    • (1995) J Hum E , vol.29 , pp. 463-482
    • MacLarnon, A.M.1
  • 93
    • 0024120377 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of human walking
    • Lovejoy CO. 1988. Evolution of human walking. Sci Am 259:118-125.
    • (1988) Sci Am , vol.259 , pp. 118-125
    • Lovejoy, C.O.1
  • 94
    • 0001423062 scopus 로고
    • Body size and body shape
    • Walker A, Leakey R, editors. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
    • Ruff CB, Walker A. 1993. Body size and body shape. In: Walker A, Leakey R, editors. The Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton, p 234-265. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
    • (1993) The Nariokotome Homo Erectus Skeleton , pp. 234-265
    • Ruff, C.B.1    Walker, A.2
  • 95
    • 0001325957 scopus 로고
    • Perspectives on the Nariokotome discovery
    • Walker A, Leakey R, editors. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
    • Walker A. 1993. Perspectives on the Nariokotome discovery. In: Walker A, Leakey R, editors. The Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, p 411-430.
    • (1993) The Nariokotome Homo Erectus Skeleton , pp. 411-430
    • Walker, A.1
  • 96
    • 51249174851 scopus 로고
    • The adoption of bipedalism by the hominids: A new hypothesis
    • Fifer FC. 1987. The adoption of bipedalism by the hominids: a new hypothesis. Hum Evol 2:135-147.
    • (1987) Hum E , vol.2 , pp. 135-147
    • Fifer, F.C.1
  • 97
    • 0000345244 scopus 로고
    • Did throwing stones shape hominid brain evolution?
    • Calvin WH. 1982. Did throwing stones shape hominid brain evolution? Ethol Sociobiol 3:115-124.
    • (1982) Ethol Sociobiol , vol.3 , pp. 115-124
    • Calvin, W.H.1
  • 98
    • 0014383086 scopus 로고
    • Primate vocalisations and human linguistic ability
    • Lieberman P. 1968. Primate vocalisations and human linguistic ability. J Acoust Soc Am 44:1574-1584.
    • (1968) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.44 , pp. 1574-1584
    • Lieberman, P.1
  • 99
    • 0008403970 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the hominid upper respiratory tract: The fossil evidence
    • Tobias PV, editor. New York: Alan R. Liss.
    • Laitman JT. 1985. Evolution of the hominid upper respiratory tract: the fossil evidence. In: Tobias PV, editor. Hominid evolution, past, present and future. New York: Alan R. Liss. p 281-286.
    • (1985) Hominid Evolution, Past, Present and Future , pp. 281-286
    • Laitman, J.T.1
  • 100
    • 0016706210 scopus 로고
    • Comparative anatomy of the larynx in man and the chimpanzee: Implications for language in Neanderthal
    • Falk D. 1975. Comparative anatomy of the larynx in man and the chimpanzee: implications for language in Neanderthal. Am J Phys Anthropol 43:123-132.
    • (1975) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.43 , pp. 123-132
    • Falk, D.1
  • 101
    • 0001571179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hominine preadaptations for language and cognition
    • Mellars P, Gibson K, Editors. Cambridge: McDonald Institute Monograph Series
    • Aiello LC. 1996. Hominine preadaptations for language and cognition. In: Mellars P, Gibson K, editors. Modelling the early human mind. Cambridge: McDonald Institute Monograph Series. p 89-99.
    • (1996) Modelling the Early Human Mind , pp. 89-99
    • Aiello, L.C.1
  • 102
    • 0010086615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrestriality, bipedalism and the origin of language
    • Runciman WG, Maynard Smith J, Dunbar RIM, editors. Evolution of social behaviour patterns in primates and man
    • Aiello LC. 1996. Terrestriality, bipedalism and the origin of language. In: Runciman WG, Maynard Smith J, Dunbar RIM, editors. Evolution of social behaviour patterns in primates and man. Proc Br Acad 88:269-289.
    • (1996) Proc Br Acad , vol.88 , pp. 269-289
    • Aiello, L.C.1
  • 103
    • 0042595775 scopus 로고
    • Fossil skulls and the hominid vocal tract: New approaches to charting the evolution of human speech
    • Wind J, Chiarelli B, Bichakjian B, Nocentini A, editors. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Laitman JT, Reidenberg JS, Gannon PJ. 1992. Fossil skulls and the hominid vocal tract: new approaches to charting the evolution of human speech. In: Wind J, Chiarelli B, Bichakjian B, Nocentini A, editors. Language origin: a multidisciplinary approach. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, p 385-397.
    • (1992) Language Origin: A Multidisciplinary Approach , pp. 385-397
    • Laitman, J.T.1    Reidenberg, J.S.2    Gannon, P.J.3
  • 104
    • 0027436689 scopus 로고
    • Language and modern human origins
    • Schepartz LA. 1993. Language and modern human origins. Yearbook Phys Anthropol 36:91-126.
    • (1993) Yearbook Phys Anthropol , vol.36 , pp. 91-126
    • Schepartz, L.A.1
  • 105
    • 0027395827 scopus 로고
    • Neandertal supralaryngeal vocal tract
    • Houghton P. 1993. Neandertal supralaryngeal vocal tract. Am J Phys Anthropol 90:139-146.
    • (1993) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.90 , pp. 139-146
    • Houghton, P.1
  • 106
    • 0033136263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ontogeny of cranial base angulation in humans and chimpanzees and its implications for reconstructing pharyngeal dimensions
    • Lieberman DE, McCarthy RC. 1999. The ontogeny of cranial base angulation in humans and chimpanzees and its implications for reconstructing pharyngeal dimensions. J Hum Evol 36:487-517.
    • (1999) J Hum E , vol.36 , pp. 487-517
    • Lieberman, D.E.1    McCarthy, R.C.2
  • 107
    • 0026592043 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of modern childbirth
    • Rosenberg KR. 1992. The evolution of modern childbirth. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 35:89-124.
    • (1992) Yrbk Phys Anthropol , vol.35 , pp. 89-124
    • Rosenberg, K.R.1
  • 108
    • 0008376543 scopus 로고
    • The endocast
    • Walker A, Leakey R, editors. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
    • Begun D, Walker A. 1993. The endocast. In: Walker A, Leakey R, editors. The Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, p 326-358.
    • (1993) The Nariokotome Homo Erectus Skeleton , pp. 326-358
    • Begun, D.1    Walker, A.2
  • 109
    • 0001458227 scopus 로고
    • The energetic paradox of human running and hominid evolution
    • Carrier D. 1984. The energetic paradox of human running and hominid evolution. Curr Anthropol 25:483-495.
    • (1984) Curr Anthropol , vol.25 , pp. 483-495
    • Carrier, D.1
  • 110
    • 0345718761 scopus 로고
    • Comment on: Human running and hominid evolution, by DR Carrier
    • Trinkaus E. 1984. Comment on: human running and hominid evolution, by DR Carrier. Curr Anthropol 25:491.
    • (1984) Curr Anthropol , vol.25 , pp. 491
    • Trinkaus, E.1
  • 111
    • 0000393867 scopus 로고
    • Was man more aquatic in the past?
    • Hardy A. 1960. Was man more aquatic in the past? New Scientist 7:642-645.
    • (1960) New Scientist , vol.7 , pp. 642-645
    • Hardy, A.1
  • 114
    • 0029017804 scopus 로고
    • Aquatic ape theory, speech origins, and brain differences with apes and monkeys
    • Verhaegen M. 1995. Aquatic ape theory, speech origins, and brain differences with apes and monkeys. Med Hypotheses 44:409-413.
    • (1995) Med Hypotheses , vol.44 , pp. 409-413
    • Verhaegen, M.1
  • 115
    • 0344424067 scopus 로고
    • Human respiratory adaptations for swimming and diving
    • Roede M, Wind J, Patrick JM, Reynolds V, editors. London: Souvenir Press
    • Patrick JM. 1991. Human respiratory adaptations for swimming and diving. In: Roede M, Wind J, Patrick JM, Reynolds V, editors. The aquatic ape: fact or fiction. London: Souvenir Press, p 237-246.
    • (1991) The Aquatic Ape: Fact or Fiction , pp. 237-246
    • Patrick, J.M.1
  • 116
    • 0344424069 scopus 로고
    • Why a new theory is needed
    • Roede M, Wind J, Patrick JM, Reynolds V, editors. London, Souvenir Press
    • Morgan E. 1991. Why a new theory is needed. In: Roede M, Wind J, Patrick JM, Reynolds V, editors. The aquatic ape: fact or fiction. London, Souvenir Press.
    • (1991) The Aquatic Ape: Fact or Fiction
    • Morgan, E.1
  • 118
    • 0004676649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative aspects of human brain evolution: Scaling, energy costs and confounding variables
    • Jablonski NG, Aiello LC, editors. The origin and diversification of language. San Francisco
    • Martin RD. 1998. Comparative aspects of human brain evolution: scaling, energy costs and confounding variables. In: Jablonski NG, Aiello LC, editors. The origin and diversification of language. San Francisco, Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, No. 24. p 35-68.
    • (1998) Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences , vol.24 , pp. 35-68
    • Martin, R.D.1
  • 119
    • 0029730723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of body mass and relative brain size in fossil hominids
    • Appellant J. 1996. The evolution of body mass and relative brain size in fossil hominids. J Hum Evol 30:243-276.
    • (1996) J Hum E , vol.30 , pp. 243-276
    • Appellant, J.1
  • 120
    • 0020999860 scopus 로고
    • Human palaeontological evidence relevant to language behaviour
    • Holloway RL. 1983. Human palaeontological evidence relevant to language behaviour. Hum Neurobiol 2:105-114.
    • (1983) Hum Neurobiol , vol.2 , pp. 105-114
    • Holloway, R.L.1
  • 121
    • 0019212146 scopus 로고
    • A reanalysis of the South African australopithecine natural endocasts
    • Falk D. 1980. A reanalysis of the South African australopithecine natural endocasts. Am J Phys Anthropol 53:525-539.
    • (1980) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.53 , pp. 525-539
    • Falk, D.1
  • 122
    • 0023856319 scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing
    • Petersen SE, Fox PT, Posner MI, Mintun M, Raichle ME. 1988. Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing. Nature 331:585-589.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.331 , pp. 585-589
    • Petersen, S.E.1    Fox, P.T.2    Posner, M.I.3    Mintun, M.4    Raichle, M.E.5
  • 124
    • 0032574734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hypoglossal canal and the origin of human vocal behaviour
    • Kay RF, Cartmill M, Balow M. 1998. The hypoglossal canal and the origin of human vocal behaviour. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:5417-5419.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 5417-5419
    • Kay, R.F.1    Cartmill, M.2    Balow, M.3
  • 126
  • 127
    • 0034237809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of speech: A comparative review
    • Fitch WT. 2000. The evolution of speech: a comparative review. Trends Cogn Sci 4:258-267.
    • (2000) Trends Cogn Sci , vol.4 , pp. 258-267
    • Fitch, W.T.1
  • 128
    • 0030619670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass and encephalization in Pleistocene Homo
    • Ruff CB, Trinkaus E, Holliday TW. 1997. Body mass and encephalization in Pleistocene Homo. Nature 387:173-176.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 173-176
    • Ruff, C.B.1    Trinkaus, E.2    Holliday, T.W.3
  • 129
    • 0017050810 scopus 로고
    • Stages of cultural elaboration in the Pleistocene: Possible archeological indicators of the development of language
    • Harnad SR, Stecklis HD, Lancaster J, editors. Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech
    • Isaac GL. 1976. Stages of cultural elaboration in the Pleistocene: possible archeological indicators of the development of language. In: Harnad SR, Stecklis HD, Lancaster J, editors. Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech. Ann NY Acad Sci 280:275-288.
    • (1976) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.280 , pp. 275-288
    • Isaac, G.L.1
  • 131
    • 0035807360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder
    • Lai CSL, Fisher SE, Hurst JA, Vargha-Khadem F, Monaco AP. 2001. A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder. Nature 413:519-523.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 519-523
    • Lai, C.S.L.1    Fisher, S.E.2    Hurst, J.A.3    Vargha-Khadem, F.4    Monaco, A.P.5
  • 132
    • 0035807404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Talk of genetics and vice versa
    • Pinker S. 2001. Talk of genetics and vice versa. Nature 413:465-466.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 465-466
    • Pinker, S.1
  • 135
    • 0003049661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mode 3 technologies and the evolution of modern humans
    • Foley R, Lahr M. 1997. Mode 3 technologies and the evolution of modern humans. Camb Archaeol J 7:3-36.
    • (1997) Camb Archaeol J , vol.7 , pp. 3-36
    • Foley, R.1    Lahr, M.2
  • 137
    • 0013380074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axial dysplasia in Homo erectus
    • Latimer B, Ohman JC. 2001. Axial dysplasia in Homo erectus. J Hum Evol 40:A12.
    • (2001) J Hum Evol , vol.40
    • Latimer, B.1    Ohman, J.C.2
  • 139


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.