Inhibition of human and simian immunodeficiency virus protease function by targeting Vpx-protease-mutant fusion protein into viral particles

Journal of Virology

Volumn 70, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 3378-3384

  Xiaoyun, W U ^a   Liu, Hongmei ^a   Xiao, Hongling ^a   Conway, Joan A ^a   Kappes, John C ^a,b,c  

^a Center for Palliative Care   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^c BIRMINGHAM VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GAG PROTEIN; HYBRID PROTEIN; POL PROTEIN; PROTEINASE;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; HELA CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 2; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN TARGETING; PROTEINASE INHIBITION; SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION; VIRUS INHIBITION; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 9344262905     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.70.6.3378-3384.1996     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Babé, L. M., S. Pichuantes, P. J. Barr, I. C. Bathurst, F. R. Masiarz, and C. S. Craik. 1990. HIV-1 protease: bacterial expression, purification and characterization, p. 71-88. In C. S. Craik, R. Fletterick, C. R. Matthews, and J. Wells (ed.), Proteins and pharmaceutical engineering. Wiley-Liss Press, New York.
2. Babé, L. M., S. Pichuantes, and C. S. Craik. 1991. Inhibition of HIV protease activity by heterodimer formation. Biochemistry 30:106-111.
3. Baltimore, D. 1988. Intracellular immunization. Nature (London) 335:395-396.
4. Cohen, E. A., G. G. Dehni, J. G. Sodroski, and W. A. Haseltine. 1990 Human immunodeficiency virus vpr product is a virion-associated regulatory protein. J. Virol. 64:3097-3099.
5. Cohen, E. A., E. F. Terwilliger, Y. Jalinoos, J. Proulx, J. G. Sodroski, and W. A. Haseltine. 1990. Identification of HIV-1 vpr product and function. J. Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. 3:11-18.
6. Darke, P. L., C. L. Dilanni, J. C. Heimbach, C.-T. Leu, V. M. Garsky, R. A. F. Dixon, and I. S. Sigal. 1989. HIV-1 proteinase: substrates, inhibitors, and subunit interactions, p. 253-258. In H.-G. Kräusslich, S. Oroszlan, and E. Wimmer (ed.), Viral proteinases as targets of chemotherapy. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
7. Debouck, C., J. G. Gorniak, J. E. Strickler, T. D. Meek, B. W. Metcalf, and M. Rosenberg. 1987. Human immunodeficiency virus protease expressed in Escherichia coli exhibits autoprocessing and specific maturation of the gag precursor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:8903-8906.
8. Dewhurst, S., G. E. Embretson, D. C. Anderson, J. I. Mullins, and P. N. Fultz. 1990. Sequence analysis and acute pathogenicity of molecularly cloned SIV/SMM-PBj14. Nature (London) 345:636-640.
9. Dilanni, C. L., L. J. Davis, K. Holloway, W. K. Herber, P. L. Darke, N. E. Kohl, and R. A. F. Dixon. 1990. Characterization of an active single polypeptide form of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease. J. Biol. Chem. 265:17348-17354.
10. Dubay, J. W., S. J. Roberts, B. Brody, and E. Hunter. 1992. Mutations in the leucine zipper of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein affect fusion and infectivity. J. Virol. 66:4748-4756.
11. Emini, E. A. 1995. Personal communication.
12. Felber, B. K., C. M. Drysdale, and G. N. Pavlakis. 1990. Feedback regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by the Rev protein. J. Virol. 64:3734-3741.
13. Fisher, A. G., E. Collalti, L. Ratner, R. C. Gallo, and F. Wong-Staal. 1985. A molecular clone of HTLV-III with biological activity. Nature (London) 316:636-637.
14. Flelcher, T. M., III, X. Wu, H.-M. Liu, S. McPherson, M. Newman, B. Birchachet, N. Sharova, G. M. Shaw, J. D. Boeke, M. A. Muesing, J. C. Kappes, M. Stevenson, and B. H. Hahn. Virion associated accessory proteins: new targets for antiviral therapy. In M. Girard and B. Dodet (ed.), Retroviruses of human AIDS and related animal diseases. Dixième Colloque des Cent Gardes, in press.
15. + T lymphocytes. J. Virol. 66:6489-6495.
16. Göttlinger, H. G., J. G. Sodroski, and W. A. Haseltine. 1989. Role of capsid precursor processing and myristoylation in morphogenesis and infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:5781-5785.
17. Guyader, M., M. Emerman, L. Montagnier, and K. Peden. 1989. Vpx mutants of HIV-2 are infectious in established cell lines but display a severe defect in peripheral blood lymphocytes. EMBO J. 8:1169-1175.
18. Henderson, L. E., R. C. Sowder, T. D. Copeland, R. E. Benveniste, and S. Oroszlan. 1988. Isolation and characterization of a novel protein (X-ORF product) from SIV and HIV-2. Science 241:199-201.
19. Jacks, T., M. D. Power, F. R. Masiarz, P. A. Luciw, P. J. Barr, and H. E. Varmus. 1988. Characterization of ribosomal frameshifting in HIV-1 gag-pal expression. Nature (London) 331:280-283.
20. Kaplan, A. H., and R. Swanstrom. 1991. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-Gag proteins are processed in two cellular compartments. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 88:4528-4532.
21. Kaplan, A. H., J. A. Zack, M Knigge, D. A. Paul, D. J. Kempf, D. W. Norbeck, and R. Swanstrom. 1993. Partial inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease results in aberrant virus assembly and the formation of noninfectious particles. J. Virol. 67:4050-4055.
22. Kappes, J. C., J. A. Conway, S.-W. Lee, G. M. Shaw, and B. H. Hahn. 1991. Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 vpx protein augments viral infectivity. Virology 184:197-209.
23. MAC. J. Virol. 62:3501-3505.
24. Kappes, J. C., J. S. Parkin, J. A. Conway, J. Kim, C. G. Brouillette, G. M. Shaw, and B. H. Hahn. 1993. Intracellular transport and virion incorporation of vpx requires interaction with other virus type-specific components. Virology 193:222-233.
25. Kohl, N. E., E. A. Emini, W. A. Schlief, L. J. Davis, J. C. Heimbach, R. A. F. Dixon, E. M. Scolnick, and I. S. Sigal. 1988. Active human immunodeficiency virus protease is required for viral infectivity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:4686-4690.
26. gag domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is sufficient for the incorporation of Vpr into heterologous viral particles. J. Virol. 69:2759-2764.
27. Konvalinka, J., M. A. Litterst, R. Welker, H. Kottier, F. Rippmann, A.-M. Heuser, and H.-G. Kräusslich. 1995. An active-site mutation in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteinase (PR) causes reduced PR activity and loss of PR-mediated cytotoxicity without apparent effect on virus maturation and infectivily. J. Virol. 69:7180-7186.
28. Kramer, R. A., M. D. Schaber, A. M. Skalka, K. Ganguly, F. Wong-Staal, and E. P. Keddv. 1986. HTLV-III gag protein is processed in yeast cells by the virus pol-protease. Science 231:1580-1584.
29. Kräusslich, H.-G., M. Facke, A.-M. Heuser, J. Konvalinka, and H. Zentgraf. 1995. The spacer peptide between human immunodeficiency virus capsid and nucleocapsid proteins is essential for ordered assembly and viral infectivity. J. Virol. 69:3407-3419.
30. Kumar, P., H. Hui, J. C. Kappes, B. S. Haggarty, J. A. Hoxie, S. K. Ana. G. M. Shaw, and B. H. Hahn. 1990. Molecular characterization of an attenuated human immunodeficiency virus type 2 isolate. J. Virol. 64:890-891.
31. Lavallée. C., X. J. Yao, A. Ladha, H. Göttlinger, W. A. Haseltine, and E. A. Cohen. 1994. Requirement of the Pr55gag precursor for incorporation of the Vpr product into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral particles. J. Virol. 68:1926-1934.
32. Layne, S. P., M. J. Merges, M. Dembo, J. L. Spuge, T. Shioda, T. Kitamura, and A. Adachi. 1992. Factors underlying spontaneous inactivation and susceptibility to neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus. Virology 189: 695-714.
33. Liu, H., X. Wu, M. Newman, G. M. Shaw, B. H. Hahn, and J. C. Kappes. 1995. The Vif protein of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses is packaged into virions and associates with viral core structures. J. Virol, 69:7630-7638.
34. Loeb, D. D., R. Swanstrom, L. Everilt, M. Manchester, S. E. Stamper, and C. A. Hutchison III. 1989. Complete mutagenesis of the HIV-1 protease. Nature (London) 340:397-400.
35. Lu, Y.-L., P. Spearman, and L. Ratner. 1993. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral protein R localization in infected cells and virions. J. Virol. 67:6542-6550.
36. Meek, T. D., D. M. Lambert, G. B. Dreyer, T. J. Carr, T. A. Tomaszek, Jr., M. L. Moore, J. E. Strickler, C. Debouck, L. J. Hyland, T. J. Matthews, B. W. Metcalf, and S. R. Petteway. 1990. Inhibition of HIV-1 protease in infected T-lymphocytes in synthetic peptide analogues. Nature (London) 343:90-92.
37. Minassian. A. A., V. S. Kalyanaraman, R. C. Gallo, and M. Popovic. 1988. Monoclonal antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2 core proteins: cross-reactivity with HIV type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:6939-6943.
38. Moss, B., O. Elroy-Stein, T. Mizukami, W. A. Alexander, and T. R. Fuerst. 1990. New mammalian expression vectors. Nature (London) 348:91-92.
39. SM on immunoblots of purified virions. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 11:405-408.
40. Ogawa, K., R. Shibata, T. Kiyomasu, I. Higuchi, Y. Kishida, A. Ishimoto, and A. Adachi. 1989. Mutational analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus vpr open reading frame. J. Virol. 63:4110-4114.
41. Panet, A. D., D. Baltimore, and T. Hanafusa. 1975. Quantitation of avian RNA tumor virus reverse transcriptase by radioimmunoassay. J. Virol. 16: 146-152.
42. Paxton, W., R. I. Connor, and N. R. Landau. 1993. Incorporation of Vpr into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions: requirement for the p6 region of gag and mutational analysis. J. Virol. 67:7229-7237.
43. Peng, C., N. T. Chang, and T. W. Chang. 1991. Identification and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag-pol fusion protein in transfectcd mammalian cells. J. Virol. 65:2751-2756.
44. Peng, C., B. K. Ho, T. W. Chang, and N. T. Chang. 1989. Role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 specific protease in core maturation and viral infectivity. J. Virol. 63:2550-2556.
45. Pettit, S. C., M. D. Moody, R. S. Wehbie, A. H. Kaplan, P. V. Nantermet, C. A. Klein, and R. Swanstrom. 1994. The p2 domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag regulates sequential protcolytic processing and is required to produce fully infectious virions. J. Virol. 68:8017-8027.
46. Pomerantz, R. J., and D. Trono. 1995. Genetic therapies for HIV infections: promise for the future. AIDS 9:985-993.
47. Sakai, K., X. Ma, I. Gordienko, and D. Volsky. 1991. Recombinational analysis of a natural noncytopathic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolate: role of the vif gene in HIV-l infection kinetics and cytopathicity. J. Virol. 65:5765-5773.
48. Sardana, V. V., A. J. Schlabach, P. Graham, B. L. Bush, J. H. Condra, J. C. Culberson, L. Gotlib, D. J. Graham, N. E. Kohl, R. L. LaFemina, C. L. Schneider, B. S. Wulanski, J. A. Wolfgang, and E. A. Emini. 1994. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitors: evaluation of resistance engendered by amino acid substitutions in the enzyme's substrate binding site. Biochemistry 33:2004-2010.
49. Sharp, P. M., D. L. Robertson, F. Gao, and B. H. Hahn. 1994. Origins and diversity of human immunodeficiency viruses. AIDS 8:S27-S42.
50. Sodroski, J., W. C. Goh, C. Rosen, A. Tartar, D. Portetelle, A. Burny, and W. Haseltine. 1986. Replicative and cytopathic potential of HTLV-III/LAV with sor gene deletions. Science 231:1549-1551.
51. Strebel, K., D. Daugherty, K. Clouse, D. Cohen, T. Folks, and M. A. Martin. 1987. The HIV "A" (sor) gene product is essential for virus infectivity. Nature (London) 328:728-730.
52. Subbramanian, R. A., and E. A. Cohen. 1994. Molecular biology of the human immunodeficiency virus accessory proteins. J. Virol. 68:6831-6835.
53. Wu, X., S. Chen, H. Iwata, R. Compans, and P. Roy. 1992. Multiple glycoproteins synthesized by the smallest RNA segment (S10) of bluetongue virus. J. Virol. 66:7104-7112.
54. Wu, X., J. A. Conway, J. Kim, and J. C. Kappes. 1994. Localization of the Vpx packaging signal within the C terminus of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 Gag precursor protein. J. Virol. 68:6161-6169.
55. Wu, X., H.-M. Liu, H. Xiao, J. Kim, P. Seshaiah, G. Natsoulis, J. D. Boeke. B. H. Hahn, and J. C. Kappes. 1995. Targeting foreign proteins to human immunodeficiency virus particles via fusion with Vpr and Vpx. J. Virol, 69:3389-3398.
56. Yu, X.-F., M. Matsuda, M. Essex, and T.-H. Lee. 1990. Open reading frame vpr of simian immunodeficiency virus encodes a virion-associated protein. J. Virol. 64:5688-5693.
57. Yuan, X., Z. Matsuda, M. Matsuda, M. Essex, and T.-H. Lee. 1990. Human immunodeficiency virus vpr gene encodes a virior associated protein. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 6:1265-1271.