On the mechanism of alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome

Endocrine Reviews

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 262-268

  Groote Veldman, R ^a   Meinders, A E ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADRENAL GLAND; ALCOHOLISM; CORTICOSTEROID METABOLISM; CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPOPHYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BINDING; REVIEW;

ADRENAL GLANDS; ALCOHOLISM; ANIMALS; CUSHING SYNDROME; HUMANS; HYPOTHALAMUS; PITUITARY GLAND;

EID: 9344232730     PISSN: 0163769X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/er.17.3.262     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Smals AG, Kloppenborg PW, Njo KT, Knoben JM, Ruland CM 1976 Alcohol-induced Cushingoid syndrome. Br Med J 2:1298
2. Rees LH, Besser GM, Jeffcoate WJ, Goldie DJ, Marks V 1977 Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cuahing's syndrome. Lancet 1:726-728
3. Cook DM 1994 Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome. The Endocrinologist 4:160-166
4. Yanovski JA, Cutler GB, Chrousos GP, Nieman LK 1993 Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation following low-dose dexamethasone administration; a new test to distinguish Cushing's syndrome from pseudo-Cushing's states. JAMA 269:2232-2238
5. Wilkins JN, Gorelick DA, Nademanee K, Taylor A, Herzberg DS 1992 Hypothalamic-pituitary function during alcohol exposure and withdrawal and cocaine exposure. Recent Dev Alcohol 10:57-71
6. Noth RH, Walter RM 1984 The effects of alcohol on the endocrine system. Med Clin North Am 68:133-146
7. Dackis C, Stuckey R, Gold M, Pottash A 1986 Dexamethasone suppression testing of depressed alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 10:59-60
8. Bode C, Martini G, Bode J 1978 Effect of alcohol on microsomal Cortisol and 5-alpha reductase in the liver of rats that are on a standard or low protein diet. Horm Metab Res 10:63-64
9. Abou-Saleh MT, Merry J, Coppen A 1984 Dexamethasone suppression test in alcoholism. Acta Psychiatr Scand 69:112-116
10. Fink RS, Short F, Marjot DH, James VHT 1981 Abnormal suppression of plasma cortisol during the intravenous infusion of dexamethasone to alcoholic patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 15:97-102
11. Khan A, Ciraulo DA, Nelson WH, Becker JT, Nies A, Jaffe JH 1984 Dexamethasone suppression test in recently detoxified alcoholics: clinical implications. J Clin Psychopharmacol 4:94-97
12. Kirkman S, Nelson DH 1988 Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's disease: a study of prevalence with review of the literature. Metabolism 37:390-394
13. Müller N, Höhe M, Klein HE, Nieberle G, Kapfhammer HP, May F, Müller OA, Fichter M 1989 Endocrinological studies in alcoholics during withdrawal and after abstinence. Psychoneuroendocrinology 14:113-123
14. Willenbring ML, Morley JE, Niewöhner CB, Heilman RO, Carlson CH, Shafer RB 1984 Adrenocortical hyperactivity in newly admitted alcoholics: prevalence, course and associated variables. Psychoneuroendocrinology 9:415-422
15. Rosman PM, Farg A, Benn R, Tito J, Mishik A, Wallace EZ 1982 Modulation of pituitary-adrenocortical function: decreased secretory episodes and blunted circadian rhythmicity in patients with alcoholic liver disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 55:709-717
16. Wand GS, Dobs AS 1991 Alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in actively drinking alcoholics. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72:1290-1295
17. Hasselbalch H, Selmer J, Sestoft L, Kehlet H 1982 Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function in chronic alcoholism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 16:73-76
18. Smals AG, Njo KT, Knoben JM, Ruland CM, Kloppenborg PWC 1977 Alcohol-induced Cushingoid syndrome. JR Coll Physicians Lond 12:36-41
19. Smals A, Kloppenborg P 1977 Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome. Lancet 1:1369
20. Mendelson JH, Stein S 1966 Serum Cortisol levels in alcoholic and nonalcoholic subjects during experimentally induced ethanol intoxication. Psychosom Med 28:616-626
21. Smith JJ 1951 Effect of alcohol on the adrenal ascorbic acid and cholesterol of the rat. J Clin Endocrinol 2:792
22. Ellis FW 1966 Effect of ethanol on plasma corticosterone levels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 153:121-127
23. Kissin B, Schenker V, Schenker AC 1960 The acute effect of ethanol ingestion on plasma and urinary 17-hydroxycorticoids in alcoholic subjects. Am J Med Sci 239:690-704
24. Bellet S, Roman L, DeCastro O, Herrera M 1970 Effect of acute ethanol intake on plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid levels. Metabolism 19:664-667
25. Fazekas IG 1966 Hydrocortisone content of human blood and alcohol content of blood and urine after wine consumption. QJ Stud Alcohol 27:439-446
26. Jenkins JS, Connolly J 1968 Adrenocortical response to ethanol in man. Br Med J 1:804-805
27. Välimäki MJ, Harkone M, Eriksson CJ, Ylikahri RH 1984 Sex hormones and adrenocortical steroids in men acutely intoxicated with ethanol. Alcohol 1:89-93
28. Välimäki M, Tuominen JA, Huhtaniemi I, Ylikahri R 1990 The pulsatile secretion of gonadotropins and growth hormone, and the biological activity of luteinizing hormone in men acutely intoxicated with ethanol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 14:928-931
29. Ylikahri RH, Huttunen MO, Harkonen M, Leino T, Helenius T, Liewendahl K, Karonen SL 1978 Acute effects of alcohol on the anterior pituitary secretion of the tropic hormones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 46:715-720
30. Davis JRE, Jeffcoate WJ 1983 Lack of effect of ethanol on plasma Cortisol in man. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 19:461-466
31. Ida Y, Tsujimaru S, Nakamaura K, Shirao I, Mukasa H, Egami H, Nakazawa Y 1992 Effects of acute and repeated alcohol ingestion on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal functioning in normal males. Drug Alcohol Depend 31:57-64
32. Prinz PN, Röhrs TA, Vitaliano PP, Linnoila M, Weitzman ED 1980 Effect of alcohol on sleep and night-time plasma growth hormone and cortisol concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 51:759-764
33. Stokes PE 1973 Adrenocortical activation in alcoholics during chronic drinking. Ann NY Acad Sci 215:77-83
34. Fonzi S, Murialdo G, Filippi U, Costelli P, Parodi C, Maurelli M, Polleri A, Savoldi F 1992 Aspetti neuroendocrini dell'etilismo cronico: effetto dell'assunzione di alcool e della sua sospensione. Ann Ital Med Int 7:87-94
35. Berman JD, Cook DM, Buchman M, Keith LD 1990 Diminished adrenocorticotropin response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in non-depressed, actively drinking male alcoholics. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71:712-717
36. Bertello P, Agrimonti F, Gurioli L, Frairia R, Fornaro D, Angeli A 1982 Circadian patterns of plasma cortisol and testosterone in chronic male alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 6:475-481
37. Lamberts SWJ, Klijn JGM, de Jong FH, Birkenhäger JC 1979 Hormone secretion in alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome: differential diagnosis with Cushing's disease. JAMA 242:1640-1643
38. Lamberts SWJ, de Jong FH, Birkenhäger JC 1979 Biochemical characteristics of alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome. J Endocrinol 80:62-63
39. Proto G, Barberi M, Bertolissi F 1985 Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome: an example of alcohol-induced central disorder in corticotropin-releasing factor-ACTH release? Drug Alcohol Depend 16:111-115
40. Kapcala LP 1987 Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome mimicking Cushing's disease in a patient with an adrenal mass. Am J Med 82:849-856
41. Jordan RM, Jacobson JM, Young RL 1979 Alcohol-induced Cushingoid syndrome. South Med J 72:1347-1348
42. Jenkins RM, Page MM 1981 Atypical case of alcohol-induced Cushingoid syndrome. Br Med J 282:1117-1118
43. Allolio B, Winkelmann W, Hipp FX, Bosch H, Bottcher W 1980 Alcohol-induced Cushing's syndrome: case report. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 105:819-822
44. Paton A 1976 Alcohol-induced Cushingoid syndrome. Br Med J 4:1504
45. Frajria R, Angeli A 1977 Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome (letter). Lancet 1:1051-1052
46. Adinoff B, Risher-Flowers D, De Jong J, Ravitz B, Bone GHA, Nutt DJ, Roehrich L, Martin PR, Linnoila M 1991 Disturbances of hypothalamic-pifuitary-adrenal axis functioning during ethanol withdrawal in six men. Am J Psychiatry 148:1023-1025
47. Välimäki M, Pelkonen R, Härkönen M, Ylikahri R 1984 Hormonal changes in noncirrhotic male alcoholics during ethanol withdrawal. Alcohol Alcoholism 19:235-242
48. Heuser I, von Bardeleben U, Boll E, Holsboer F 1988 Response of ACTH and cortisol to human corticotropin-releasing hormone after short-term abstention from alcohol abuse. Biol Psychiatry 24:316-321
49. von Bardeleben U, Heuser I, Holsboer F 1989 Human CRH stimulation response during acute withdrawal and after medium-term abstention from alcohol abuse. Psychoneuroendocrinology 14:441-449
50. Cronholm T, Curstedt T, Schmidt DN, Sjovall J 1985 Steroid profiles in urine and plasma of alcoholics during withdrawal. Alcohol 2:677-682
51. Elias AN, Meshkinpour H, Valenta LJ, Grossman MK 1982 Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome: the role of alcohol. J Clin Gastroenterol 4:137-139
52. Knudsen GM, Christensen H, Berild D, Melgaard B, Kirkegaard C, Hasselbalch H 1987 Discordance between the cortisol response to insulin-hypoglycemia and the 30-minute ACTH stimulation test in chronic alcoholic men. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 11:323-325
53. Meikle AW 1982 Dexamethasone suppression tests: usefulness of simultaneous measurement of plasma cortisol and dexamethasone. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 16:401-408
54. Cobb CF, Van Thiel DH, Gavaler JS, Lester R 1981 Effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on the rat adrenal. Metabolism 30:537-543
55. Noble EP, Kakihana R, Butte JC 1971 Corticosterone metabolism in alcohol adapted mice. In: Roach MK, McIssac WM, Creaven PG (eds): Biological Aspects of Alcohol. Lea and Febiger, New York, p 389
56. Jones CT, Boddy K, Robinson JS 1977 Changes in the concentration of adrenocorticotrophin and corticosteroid in the plasma of foetal sheep in the latter half of pregnancy and during labor. J Endocrinol 72:293-300
57. Gambert SR, Pontzer CH, Barboriak JJ 1981 Effect of ethanol consumption on central nervous system (CNS) beta-endorphin and ACTH. Horm Metab Res 13:242-243
58. Leppäluoto J, Rapeli M, Varis R, Ranta T 1975 Secretion of anterior pituitary hormones in man: effects of ethyl alcohol. Acta Physiol Scand 95:400-406
59. Loosen PT, Chambliss B, Ekhator N, Burns D, Geracioti TD, Orth DN 1993 Thyroid and adrenal dysfunction in abstinent alcoholic men: locus of disturbance. Neuropsychopharrnacology 9:255-266
60. Bailly D, Dewailly D, Beuscart R, Couplet G, Dumont P, Racadot A, Fossati P, Parquet PJ 1989 Adrenocorticotropin and cortisol responses to ovine corticotropin-releasing factor in alcohol dependence disorder. Preliminary report. Horm Res 31:72-75
61. Hermus AR, Pieters GF, Smals AG, Benraad TJ, Kloppenborg PW 1984 Plasma adrenocorticotropin, cortisol and aldosterone responses to corticotropin-releasing factor: modulatory effect of basal cortisol levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 58:187-191
62. Rivier C, Bruhn T, Vale W 1984 Effect of ethanol on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the rat: role of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 229:127-131
63. Rivier C, Imaki T, Vale W 1990 Prolonged exposure to alcohol; effect on CRF mRNA levels, and CRF- and stress-induced ACTH secretion in the rat. Brain Res 520:1-5
64. Redei E, Branch BJ, Gholami S, Lin EYR, Tayloi AN 1988 Effects of ethanol on CRF release in vitro. Endocrinology 123:2736-2743
65. Dave JR, Eiden LE, Karanian JW, Eskay RL 1986 Ethanol exposure decreases pituitary corticotropin-releasing factor binding, adenylate cyclase activity, proopiomelanocortin biosynthesis and plasma ß-endorphin levels in the rat. Endocrinology 118:280-286
66. Dave JR, Krieg RJ, Witorsch RJ 1985 Modulation of prolactin binding sites in vitro by membrane fluidizers. Effects on male prostatic and female hepatic membranes in alcohol-fed rats. Biochim Biophys Acta 816:313-320
67. Johnson DA, Lee NM, Cooke R 1979 Adaptation to ethanol-induced fluidzation of brain lipid bilayers. Drug Alcohol Depend 4:197-202
68. Wand GS 1993 Alcohol, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and hormonal tolerance. In: Zakhari S (ed) Alcohol and the Endocrine System. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, Research Monograph 23:251-270
69. Randin D, Vollenweider P, Tappy L, Jéquier E, Nicod P, Scherrer U 1995 Suppression of alcohol-induced hypertension by dexamethasone. N Engl J Med 332:1733-1737
70. Chrousos GP 1995 The hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and immune-mediated inflammation. N Engl J Med 332:1351-1362
71. Burra P, Franklyn JA, Ramsden DB, Elias E, Sheppard MC 1992 Severity of alcoholic liver disease and markers of thyroid and steroid status. Postgrad Med J 68:804-810
72. McDonald JA, Handelsman DJ, Dilworth P, Conway AJ, McCaughan GW 1993 Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal function in end-stage non-alcoholic liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 8:247-253
73. McCann VJ, Fulton TT 1975 Cortisol metabolism in chronic liver disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 40:1038
74. Mori TA, Puddey IB, Wilkinson SP, Beilin LJ, Vandongen R 1993 Urinary steroid profiles and alcohol-related blood pressure elevation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 18:287-290
75. Stewart PM, Burra P, Shackleton CHL, Sheppard MC, Elias E 1993 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency and glucocorticoid status in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic chronic liver disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76:748-751
76. Hiramatsu R, Nisula BC 1989 Effect of alcohol on the interaction of cortisol with plasma proteins, glucocorticoid receptors and erythrocytes. J Steroid Biochem 33:65-70
77. Rosner W 1991 Plasma steroid-binding proteins. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 20:697-720
78. Lex BW, Ellingboe JE, Teoh SK, Mendelson JH, Rhoades E 1991 Prolactin and cortisol levels following acute alcohol challenges in women with and without a family history of alcoholism. Alcohol 8:383-387
79. Gianoulakis G, Béliveau D, Angelogianni P, Meaney M, Thavundayil J, Tawar V, Dumas M 1989 Different pituitary β-endorphin and adrenal cortisol response to ethanol in individuals with high and low risk for future development of alcoholism. Life Sci 45:1097-1109
80. Schuckit MA, Risch SC, Gold EO 1988 Alcohol consumption, ACTH level and family history of alcoholism. Am J Psychiatry 145:1391-1395
81. Waltman C, McCaul ME, Wand GS 1994 Adrenocorticotropin responses following administration of ethanol and ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone in the sons of alcoholics and control subjects. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 18:826-830
82. Sternberg EM, Hill JM, Chrousos GP, Kamilaris T, Lostwak S, Gold P, Wilder RL 1989 Inflammatory mediator-induced HPA axis activation is defective in streptococcal cell wall arthritis-susceptible Lewis rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:2374-2378
83. Wand GS 1989 Ethanol differentially regulates proadrenocorticotropin/endorphin production and corticosterone secretion in LS and SS lines of mice. Endocrinology 124:518-525