The Role of Technology in Task-Oriented Training in Persons with Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 199-211

  Richards, Carol L ^a   Malouin, Francine ^a   Bravo, Gina ^b   Dumas, Francine ^a   Wood Dauphinee, Sharon ^c  

^a CENTER FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN REHABILITATION AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE SHERBROOKE   (Canada)

^c MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Gait speed; Locomotor training; Physical therapy; Randomized controlled trial; Subacute stroke; Task oriented

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARM MOVEMENT; ARTICLE; BALANCE SCALE; BARTHEL INDEX; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FUGL MEYER ASSESSMENT METHOD; GAIT; HUMAN; LEG MOVEMENT; LOCOMOTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PHYSIOTHERAPY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RATING SCALE; SCORING SYSTEM; SINGLE BLIND PROCEDURE; STROKE; TASK PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGY; TIMED UP AND GO; TRAINING; TREADMILL EXERCISE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WALKING SPEED;

AGED; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; DISABILITY EVALUATION; FEMALE; GOALS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTOR ACTIVITY; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PHYSICAL THERAPY MODALITIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 9244234980     PISSN: 08884390     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1545968304269397     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Mayo NE, Neville D, Kirkland S, et al. Hospitalization and case-fatality rates for stroke in Canada from 1982 through 1991. The Canadian Collaborative Study Group of Stroke Hospitalizations. Stroke 1996; 27: 1215-1220.
2. Skilbeck CE, Wade DT, Hewer RL, Wood VA. Recovery after stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1983; 46: 5-8.
3. Wade DT, Hewer RL. Functional abilities after stroke: measurement, natural history and prognosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987; 50: 177-182.
4. Jorgensen HS, Nakayama H, Raaschou HO, Olsen TS. Recovery of walking function in stroke patients. The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995; 76: 27-32.
5. Friedman PJ. Gait recovery after hemiplegic stroke. Int Disabil Stud 1990; 12: 119-122.
6. Richards CL, Malouin F, Dumas F, Wood-Dauphinee S. The relationship of gait speed to clinical measures of function and muscle activations during recovery post-stroke. In: Proceedings of the Second North American Congress of Biomechanics; 1992: 299-302.
7. Richards CL, Malouin F, Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI, Bouchard JP, Brunet D. Task-specific physical therapy for optimization of gait recovery in acute stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993; 74: 612-620.
8. Duncan PW, Goldstein LB, Horner RD, Landsman PB, Samsa GP, Matchar DB. Similar motor recovery of upper and lower extremities after stroke. Stroke 1994; 25: 1181-1188.
9. Bobath B. Adult hemiplegia: evaluation and treatment. London: Heinemann Medical Books; 1970.
10. Brunnstrom S. Movement therapy in hemiplegia. New York: Harper & Row; 1970.
11. Knott M, Voss D. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. New York: Harper & Row; 1968.
12. Kwakkel G, Wagenaar RC, Twisk JW, Lankhorst GJ, Koetsier JC. Intensity of leg and arm training after primary middle-cerebral-artery stroke: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 354: 191-196.
13. Teasell RW, Foley NC, Bhogal SK, Speechley MR. An evidence-based review of stroke rehabilitation. Topics Stroke Rehabil 2003; 10: 29-58.
14. Gordon J. Assumptions underlying physical therapy intervention: theoretical and historical perspectives. In: Carr JH et al., eds. Movement science: foundations for physical therapy in rehabilitation. Rockville, MD: Aspen; 1987: 1-30.
15. Carr JH, Shepherd R. Movement science: foundations for physical therapy in rehabilitation. Rockville, MD: Aspen; 1987.
16. Horak F. Assumptions underlying motor control for neurologic rehabilitation. In: Lister MJ, ed. Contemporary management of motor problems: proceedings of the II step conference. Alexandria, VA: Foundation for Physical Therapy; 1991: 11-17.
17. Nudo RJ, Plautz EJ, Frost SB. Role of adaptive plasticity in recovery of function after damage to motor cortex. Muscle Nerve 2001; 24: 1000-1019.
18. Malouin F, Potvin M, Prevost J, Richards CL, Wood-Dauphinee S. Use of an intensive task-oriented gait training program in a series of patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents. Phys Ther 1992; 72: 781-789; discussion 789-93.
19. Duncan P, Richards L, Wallace D, et al. A randomized, controlled pilot study of a home-based exercise program for individuals with mild and moderate stroke. Stroke 1998; 29: 2055-2060.
20. Nilsson L, Carlsson J, Danielsson A, et al. Walking training of patients with hemiparesis at an early stage after stroke: a comparison of walking training on a treadmill with body weight support and walking training on the ground. Clin Rehabil 2001; 15: 15-27.
21. Nudo RJ, Plautz EJ, Milliken GW. Adaptive plasticity in primate motor cortex as a consequence of behavioral experience and neuronal injury. Semin Neurosci 1997; 9: 13-23.
22. Liepert J, Graef S, Uhde I, Leidner O, Weiller C. Training-induced changes of motor cortex representations in stroke patients. Acta Neurol Scand 2000; 101: 321-326.
23. Sullivan KJ, Dobkin BH, Tavakol M, Davis B, Knowlton BJ, Harkema S. Post-stroke cortical plasticity induced by step training. Proc Soc Neurosci 2001; 27.
24. Knutsson E, Richards C. Different types of disturbed motor control in gait of hemiparetic patients. Brain 1979; 102: 405-430.
25. Shiavi R, Bugle HJ, Limbird T. Electromyographic gait assessment, Part 2: Preliminary assessment of hemiparetic synergy patterns. J Rehabil Res Dev 1987; 24: 24-30.
26. Lamontagne A, Malouin F, Richards CL. Locomotor-specific measure of spasticity of plantarflexor muscles after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 82: 1696-1704.
27. Lamontagne A, Richards CL, Malouin F. Mechanisms of disturbed motor control in ankle weakness during gait early after stroke. Gait Posture 2002; 15: 244-255.
28. Dietz V, Quintern J, Berger W. Electrophysiological studies of gait in spasticity and rigidity. Brain 1981; 104: 431-449.
29. Malouin F, Doyon J, Dumas F, Jackson PL, Evans AC, Richards CL. Mental representation of locomotion: a PET study. Neuroimage 1997; 5: 132.
30. Lamontagne A, Malouin F, Richards CL. Contribution of passive stiffness to ankle plantarflexor moment during gait after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000; 81: 351-358.
31. Bogårdh E, Richards CL. Gait analysis and relearning of gait control in hemiplegic patients. Physiother Can 1981; 33: 223-230.
32. Knutsson E. Analysis of gait and isokinetic movements for evaluation of antispastic drugs or physical therapies. Adv Neurol 1983; 39: 1013-1034.
33. Richards CL, Malouin F, Dean C. Gait in stroke: assessment and rehabilitation. In: Duncan PW, ed. Clinics in geriatric medicine. vol. 15. New York: W. B. Saunders; 1999: 833-855.
34. Olney SJ, Griffin MP, Monga TN, McBride ID. Work and power in gait of stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1991; 72: 309-314.
35. Richards CL, Malouin F, Dumas F, Lamontagne A. Recovery of ankle and hip power during walking after stroke. Can J Rehabil 1998; 11: 271-273.
36. Teixeira-Salmela LF, Nadeau S, McBride I, Olney SJ. Effects of muscle strengthening and physical conditioning training on temporal, kinematic and kinetic variables during gait in chronic stroke survivors. J Rehabil Med 2001; 33: 53-60.
37. Olney SJ, Richards CL. Hemiplegic gait following stroke: Part I. Characteristics. Gait Posture 1996; 4: 136-148.
38. Olney SJ, Nymark J, Zee B, Martin C, Brown S. Effects of BioTrac computer-assisted feedback for gait rehabilitation in subjects with stroke: interim analysis of RTC. Proc World Confed Phys Ther 1995; 0771.
39. Olney SJ, Griffin MP, McBride ID. Multivariate examination of data from gait analysis of persons with stroke. Phys Ther 1998; 8: 814-828.
40. Dean CM, Richards CL, Malouin F. Task-related training improves performance of locomotor tasks in chronic stroke. A randomized, controlled pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000; 81: 409-417.
41. Carr J, Shepherd R. Neurological rehabilitation. Optimizing motor performance. Boston: Butterworth Heinemann; 1998.
42. Richards CL, Malouin F, Bravo G, Dumas F, Wood-Dauphinee S. The role of technology in task-oriented loco-motor training in acute stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Proc World Confed Phys Ther 2003; 1592.
43. Wade DT. Measurement in neurological rehabilitation. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 1992.
44. Richards CL, Olney SJ. Hemiparetic gait following stroke. Part II: recovery and physical therapy. Gait Posture 1996; 4: 149-162.
45. Salbach NM, Mayo NE, Higgins J, Ahmed S, Finch LE, Richards CL. Responsiveness and predictability of gait speed and other disability measures in acute stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 88: 1204-1212.
46. Brandstater ME, de Bruin H, Gowland C, Clark BM. Hemiplegic gait: analysis of temporal variables. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1983; 64: 583-587.
47. Bohannon RW. Decreased isometric knee flexion torque with hip extension in hemiparetic patients. Phys Ther 1986; 66: 521-523.
48. Richards CL, Malouin F, Dumas F, Tardif D. Gait velocity as an outcome measure of locomotor recovery after stroke. In: Craik RL, Oatis CA, eds. Gait analysis: theory and application. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 1995;25:355-364.
49. Fugl-Meyer AR, Jaaskp L, Leyman I, Olsson S, Steglind S. The post-stroke hemiplegia patient: I. A method for evaluation of physical performance. Scand J Rehabil Med 1975; 7: 13-31.
50. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed “up & go”: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991; 39: 142-149.
51. Kusoffsky A, Wadell I, Nilsson BY. The relationship between sensory impairment and motor recovery in hemiplegia. Scand J Rehabil Med 1982; 14: 27-32.
52. Mahoney FD, Barthel DW. Rehabilitation of the hemiplegic patient: a clinical evaluation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1954; 35: 359-362.
53. Granger CV, Greer DS, Liset E, Coulombe J, O'Brien E. Measurement of outcomes of care for stroke patients. Stroke 1975; 6: 34-41.
54. Granger CV, Dewis LS, Peters NC, Sherwood CC, Barrett JE. Stroke rehabilitation: analysis of repeated Barthel Index measures. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1979; 60: 14-17.
55. Gresham GE, Phillips TF, Labi MLC. ADL status in stroke: relative merits of three standard indexes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1980; 61: 355-358.
56. Berg K, Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI, et al. Measuring balance in the elderly: preliminary development of an instrument. Physiother Can 1989; 41: 304.
57. Berg K, Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI, et al. Measuring balance in the elderly: validation of an instrument. Can J Pub Health 1992; 83(Suppl 2):57-61.
58. Berg K, Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI. The Balance Scale: reliability assessment with elderly residents and patients with acute stroke. Scand J Rehabil Med 1995; 27: 27-36.
59. Wood-Dauphinee S, Berg K, Bravo G, Williams JI. The Balance Scale: responding to clinically meaningful changes. Can J Rehabil 1996; 10: 35-50.
60. Boivin D, Laurendeau D. A computer vision based apparatus for the measurement of planar movement: an application in physiotherapy. Proc Vision Interface Conf 1989: 1-15.
61. Moffet H, Comeau F, Richards CL, Tardif D. A new gait analysis system using a binary image processor: intra and inter-rater reliability of kinetic and kinematic measurements. Proc 6th Biennial Conf Can Soc Biomechan; 1990; 179-180.
62. Lamontagne A, Richards CL, Malouin F. Coactivation during gait as an adaptive behaviour after stroke. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2000; 10: 407-415.
63. Richards CL, Dumas F, Malouin F. Hip and ankle strategies during walking after stroke. Proc Soc Neurosci 2001; 831.6.
64. Olney SJ, Nymark JR, Zee B. Computer-assisted feedback and gait re-education in stroke patients. Can J Rehabil 1993; 7: 31-33.
65. Visintin M, Barbeau H, Korner-Bitensky N, Mayo NE. A new approach to retrain gait in stroke patients through body weight support and treadmill stimulation. Stroke 1998; 29: 1122-1128.
66. Kwakkel G, Wagenaar RC, Twisk JW, Lankhorst GJ, Koetsier JC. Intensity of leg and arm training after primary middle-cerebral-artery stroke: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 354: 191-196.
67. Teixeira-Salmela LF, Olney SJ, Nadeau S, Brouwer B. Muscle strengthening and physical conditioning to reduce impairment and disability in chronic stroke survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 80: 1211-1218.
68. Kim CM, Eng JJ, MacIntyre DL, Dawson AS. Effects of isokinetic strength training on walking in persons with stroke: a double-blind controlled pilot study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2001; 10: 265-273.
69. Andrews AW, Bohannon RW. Distribution of muscle strength impairments following stroke. Clin Rehabil 2000; 14: 79-87.
70. Engardt M, Knutsson E, Jonsson M, Sternhag M. Dynamic muscle strength training in stroke patients: effects on knee extension torque, EMG activity and motor function. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995; 76: 419-425.
71. Sharp SA, Brouwer BJ. Isokinetic strength training of the hemiparetic knee: effects on function and spasticity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997; 78: 1231-1236.
72. Byl N, Roderick J, Mohamed O, et al. Effectiveness of sensory and motor rehabilitation of the upper limb following the principles of neuroplasticity: patients stable poststroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2003; 17: 176-191.