메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 116, Issue 11-12, 2004, Pages 1529-1544

Paleoenvironments of the earliest stone toolmakers, Gona, Ethiopia

Author keywords

Awash; Carbon isotopes; Early hominids; Ethiopia; First stone tools; Gona; Oldowan; Paleoenvironment

Indexed keywords

ETHIOPIA; HUMAN EVOLUTION; PALEOENVIRONMENTS;

EID: 9244234424     PISSN: 00167606     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/B25358.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (121)

References (61)
  • 2
  • 3
    • 0000288640 scopus 로고
    • Geology and paleogeography of the Hadar hominid site, Ethiopia
    • Rapp, G., and Veneta, C.F., eds., Boulder, Colorado, Westview Press
    • Aronson, J.L., and Taieb, M., 1981, Geology and paleogeography of the Hadar hominid site, Ethiopia, in Rapp, G., and Veneta, C.F., eds., Hommid sites: Their geologic settings: Boulder, Colorado, Westview Press, p. 165-195.
    • (1981) Hommid Sites: Their Geologic Settings , pp. 165-195
    • Aronson, J.L.1    Taieb, M.2
  • 6
    • 0001851724 scopus 로고
    • Structural evolution of the Afar triple junction
    • Pilger, A., and Rösler, A., eds., Stüttgart, West Germany, Schweizerbart
    • Barberi, F., Ferrara, G., and Santacroce, R., 1975, Structural evolution of the Afar triple junction, in Pilger, A., and Rösler, A., eds., Afar Depression of Ethiopia: Stüttgart, West Germany, Schweizerbart, p. 38-54.
    • (1975) Afar Depression of Ethiopia , pp. 38-54
    • Barberi, F.1    Ferrara, G.2    Santacroce, R.3
  • 7
    • 0022826144 scopus 로고
    • Geologic and geochronologic constraints on the evolution of the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden and Afar Depression
    • doi: 10.1016/0899-5362(86)90001-1
    • Berhe, S.M., 1986, Geologic and geochronologic constraints on the evolution of the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden and Afar Depression: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 5, p. 101-117, doi: 10.1016/0899-5362(86)90001-1.
    • (1986) Journal of African Earth Sciences , vol.5 , pp. 101-117
    • Berhe, S.M.1
  • 8
    • 0036005696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faunal change, environmental variability and late Pliocene homnid evolution
    • doi: 10.1006/JHEV.2001.0535
    • Bobe, R, Behrensmeyer, A.K., and Chapman, R.E., 2002, Faunal change, environmental variability and late Pliocene homnid evolution: Journal of Human Evolution, v. 42, p. 475-497, doi: 10. 1006/JHEV.2001.0535.
    • (2002) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.42 , pp. 475-497
    • Bobe, R.1    Behrensmeyer, A.K.2    Chapman, R.E.3
  • 9
    • 0023519319 scopus 로고
    • Palynology, stratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of a Pliocene hommid site (2.9-3.3 m.y.) at Hadar, Ethiopia
    • doi: 10.1016/0031-0182(87)90035-6
    • Bonnefille, R., Vincens, A., and Buchet, G., 1987, Palynology, stratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of a Pliocene hommid site (2.9-3.3 m.y.) at Hadar, Ethiopia: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 60, p. 249-281, doi: 10.1016/0031-0182(87)90035-6.
    • (1987) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.60 , pp. 249-281
    • Bonnefille, R.1    Vincens, A.2    Buchet, G.3
  • 10
    • 0020369921 scopus 로고
    • Tulu Bor Tuff correlated with Sidi Hakoma Tuff at Hadar
    • Brown, F.H., 1982, Tulu Bor Tuff correlated with Sidi Hakoma Tuff at Hadar: Nature, v. 300, p. 631-635.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.300 , pp. 631-635
    • Brown, F.H.1
  • 11
    • 0021282704 scopus 로고
    • The stable isotopic composition of modern soil carbonate and its relationship to climate
    • doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(84)90089-X
    • Cerling, T.E., 1984, The stable isotopic composition of modern soil carbonate and its relationship to climate: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 71, p. 229-240, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(84)90089-X.
    • (1984) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.71 , pp. 229-240
    • Cerling, T.E.1
  • 12
    • 0000129314 scopus 로고
    • Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in soil carbonates
    • Swart, P., McKenzie, J.A., and Lohmann, K.C., eds., Proceedings of Chapman Conference: Jackson Hole, Wyoming, American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph
    • Cerling, T.E., and Quade, J., 1993, Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in soil carbonates, in Swart, P., McKenzie, J.A., and Lohmann, K.C., eds., Continental indicators of climate, Proceedings of Chapman Conference: Jackson Hole, Wyoming, American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 78, p. 217-231.
    • (1993) Continental Indicators of Climate , vol.78 , pp. 217-231
    • Cerling, T.E.1    Quade, J.2
  • 13
    • 0000529469 scopus 로고
    • On the isotopic composition of carbon in soil carbon dioxide
    • doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90498-T
    • Cerling, T.E., Solomon, D.K., Quade, J., and Bowman, J.R., 1991, On the isotopic composition of carbon in soil carbon dioxide: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, p. 3403-3405, doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90498-T.
    • (1991) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.55 , pp. 3403-3405
    • Cerling, T.E.1    Solomon, D.K.2    Quade, J.3    Bowman, J.R.4
  • 14
    • 0037565012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diets of East African Bovidae based on stable isotope analysis
    • Cerling, T.E., Harris, J.M., and Passey, B.H., 2003, Diets of East African Bovidae based on stable isotope analysis: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 84, no. 2, p. 456-470.
    • (2003) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.84 , Issue.2 , pp. 456-470
    • Cerling, T.E.1    Harris, J.M.2    Passey, B.H.3
  • 15
    • 0031696588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New age constraints on the timing of volcanism and tectonism in the northern Main Ethiopian Rift Southern Afar transition zone (Ethiopia)
    • doi: 10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00035-8
    • Chernet, T., Hart, W.K., Aronson, J.L., and Walter, R.C., 1998, New age constraints on the timing of volcanism and tectonism in the northern Main Ethiopian Rift southern Afar transition zone (Ethiopia): Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 80, p. 267-280, doi: 10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00035-8.
    • (1998) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.80 , pp. 267-280
    • Chernet, T.1    Hart, W.K.2    Aronson, J.L.3    Walter, R.C.4
  • 17
    • 0005216178 scopus 로고
    • Plio-Pleistocene Suidae from Hadar, Ethiopia
    • Cooke, H.B.S., 1978, Plio-Pleistocene Suidae from Hadar, Ethiopia: Kirtlandia, v. 28, p. 1-63.
    • (1978) Kirtlandia , vol.28 , pp. 1-63
    • Cooke, H.B.S.1
  • 18
    • 0017043195 scopus 로고
    • La préhistoire dans la région de Hadar (basin de l'Awash, Afar, Ethiopie): Premiers résultats
    • Corvinus, G., and Roche, H., 1976, La préhistoire dans la région de Hadar (basin de l'Awash, Afar, Ethiopie): Premiers résultats: L'Anthropologie, v. 80, p. 315-324.
    • (1976) L'Anthropologie , vol.80 , pp. 315-324
    • Corvinus, G.1    Roche, H.2
  • 19
    • 0028970679 scopus 로고
    • Plio-Pleistocene African climate
    • deMenocal, P.B., 1995, Plio-Pleistocene African climate: Science, v. 270, p. 53-59.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 53-59
    • deMenocal, P.B.1
  • 20
    • 0001395097 scopus 로고
    • Plio-Pleistocene climatic variability in subtropical Africa and the paleoenvironment of hominid evolution: A combined data-model approach
    • Vrba, E.S., Denton, G.H., Partridge, T.C., and Burckle, L.H., 1995, eds., New Haven, Yale University Press
    • deMenocal, P.B., and Bloemendal, J., 1995, Plio-Pleistocene climatic variability in subtropical Africa and the paleoenvironment of homnid evolution: A combined data-model approach, in Vrba, E.S., Denton, G.H., Partridge, T.C., and Burckle, L.H., 1995, eds., Paleoclimate and evolution with emphasis on human origins: New Haven, Yale University Press, p. 262-288.
    • (1995) Paleoclimate and Evolution With Emphasis on Human Origins , pp. 262-288
    • deMenocal, P.B.1    Bloemendal, J.2
  • 21
    • 0002412797 scopus 로고
    • Steps toward drier climatic conditions in Northwestern Africa during the Upper Pliocene
    • Vrba, E. S., Denton, G.H., Partridge, T.C., and Burckle, L.H., eds., New Haven, Yale University Press
    • Dupont, L.M., and Leroy, S.A., 1995, Steps toward drier climatic conditions in northwestern Africa during the Upper Pliocene, in Vrba, E. S., Denton, G.H., Partridge, T.C., and Burckle, L.H., eds., Paleoclimate and evolution with emphasis on human origins: New Haven, Yale University Press, p. 287-298.
    • (1995) Paleoclimate and Evolution With Emphasis on Human Origins , pp. 287-298
    • Dupont, L.M.1    Leroy, S.A.2
  • 22
    • 0006218728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basin evolution, sedimentary dynamics, and homnid evolution in East Africa
    • Bromage, T.G., and Schrenck, F., eds., Oxford, Oxford University Press
    • Feibel, C.S., 1999, Basin evolution, sedimentary dynamics, and homnid evolution in East Africa, in Bromage, T.G., and Schrenck, F., eds., African biogeography, climate change, and human evolution: Oxford, Oxford University Press, p. 276-281.
    • (1999) African Biogeography, Climate Change, and Human Evolution , pp. 276-281
    • Feibel, C.S.1
  • 23
    • 0002285339 scopus 로고
    • Compilation of stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical interest
    • Fleisher, M., ed., chapter KK: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 440-KK
    • Friedman, I, and O'Neil, JR., 1977, Compilation of stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical interest, in Fleisher, M., ed., Data of geochemistry, chapter KK: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 440-KK, 12 p.
    • (1977) Data of Geochemistry , pp. 12
    • Friedman, I.1    O'Neil, J.R.2
  • 24
    • 9244233496 scopus 로고
    • Notes on Bovidae (Mammalia) from the Hadar Formation and from Amado and Geraru, Ethiopia
    • Gentry, A.W., 1981, Notes on Bovidae (Mammalia) from the Hadar Formation and from Amado and Geraru, Ethiopia: Kirtlandia, v. 33, p. 1-30.
    • (1981) Kirtlandia , vol.33 , pp. 1-30
    • Gentry, A.W.1
  • 25
    • 85092802873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Pleistocene fauna from Asbole, lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia, and its environmental and biochronological implications
    • in press
    • Geraards, D., Alemsageged, Z., Reed, D., and Wynn, J., 2004, The Pleistocene fauna from Asbole, lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia, and its environmental and biochronological implications: Geobios (in press).
    • (2004) Geobios
    • Geraards, D.1    Alemsageged, Z.2    Reed, D.3    Wynn, J.4
  • 26
    • 84983920918 scopus 로고
    • Bed forms and stratification types of modern gravel meander lobes, Nueces River, Texas
    • Gustavson, T.C., 1978, Bed forms and stratification types of modern gravel meander lobes, Nueces River, Texas: Sedimentology, v. 25, p. 401-426.
    • (1978) Sedimentology , vol.25 , pp. 401-426
    • Gustavson, T.C.1
  • 27
    • 0019910272 scopus 로고
    • A 1.2-Myr record of isotopic changes in a late Pliocene rift take, Ethiopia
    • Hillaire-Marcel, C., Taieb, M., Tiercelin, J.J., and Page, N., 1982, A 1.2-Myr record of isotopic changes in a late Pliocene rift take, Ethiopia: Nature, v. 296, p. 640-642.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.296 , pp. 640-642
    • Hillaire-Marcel, C.1    Taieb, M.2    Tiercelin, J.J.3    Page, N.4
  • 28
    • 0017315038 scopus 로고
    • Plio-Pleistocene hominid discoveries in Hadar, Ethiopia
    • Johanson, D.C., and Taieb, M., 1976, Plio-Pleistocene hominid discoveries in Hadar, Ethiopia: Nature, v. 260, p.293-297.
    • (1976) Nature , vol.260 , pp. 293-297
    • Johanson, D.C.1    Taieb, M.2
  • 29
    • 0020322658 scopus 로고
    • Pliocene hominids from the Hadar Formation, Ethiopia (1973-1977): Stratigraphic, chronologic, and paleoenvironmental contexts, with notes on hominid morphology and systematics
    • Johanson, D.C., Taieb, M., and Coppens, Y., 1982, Pliocene hominids from the Hadar Formation, Ethiopia (1973-1977): Stratigraphic, chronologic, and paleoenvironmental contexts, with notes on hominid morphology and systematics: American Journal of Physical Anthropology, v. 57, p. 373-402.
    • (1982) American Journal of Physical Anthropology , vol.57 , pp. 373-402
    • Johanson, D.C.1    Taieb, M.2    Coppens, Y.3
  • 30
    • 0020042758 scopus 로고
    • Geology and stratigraphy of Neogene deposits, middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia
    • Kalb, J.E., Oswald, E.B., Tebedge, S., Mebrate, A., Tola, E., and Peak, D., 1982, Geology and stratigraphy of Neogene deposits, middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia: Nature, v. 298, p. 17-25.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.298 , pp. 17-25
    • Kalb, J.E.1    Oswald, E.B.2    Tebedge, S.3    Mebrate, A.4    Tola, E.5    Peak, D.6
  • 31
    • 0028184177 scopus 로고
    • The first skull and other new discoveries of Australopithecus afarensis
    • doi: 10.1038/368449A0
    • Kimbel, W.H., Johanson, D.C., and Rak, Y., 1994, The first skull and other new discoveries of Australopithecus afarensis: Nature, v. 368, p. 449-451, doi: 10.1038/368449AO.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.368 , pp. 449-451
    • Kimbel, W.H.1    Johanson, D.C.2    Rak, Y.3
  • 34
  • 35
    • 84982690233 scopus 로고
    • Physiographic features and stratification types of coarse-grained point bars: Modern and ancient examples
    • McGowen, J.H., and Garner, L.E., 1970, Physiographic features and stratification types of coarse-grained point bars: Modern and ancient examples: Sedimentology, v. 14, p. 77-111.
    • (1970) Sedimentology , vol.14 , pp. 77-111
    • McGowen, J.H.1    Garner, L.E.2
  • 36
    • 0000435728 scopus 로고
    • Lithofacies types and vertical profile models in braided river deposits: A summary
    • Miall, A.D., ed., Canadian Society of Petroleum Geology Memoir
    • Miall, A.D., 1978, Lithofacies types and vertical profile models in braided river deposits: A summary, in Miall, A.D., ed., Fluvial sedimentology: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geology Memoir 5, p. 597-604.
    • (1978) Fluvial Sedimentology , vol.5 , pp. 597-604
    • Miall, A.D.1
  • 37
    • 0345516017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desiccation cracks in vertic palaeosols of the Cretaceous Hsandong Formation: Genesis and palaeoenvironmental implications
    • doi: 10.1016/S0037-0738(98)00041-4
    • Paik, I.S., and Lee, Y.I., 1998, Desiccation cracks in vertic palacosols of the Cretaceous Hsandong Formation: Genesis and palacoenvironmental implications: Sedimentary Geology, v. 119, p. 161-179, doi: 10.1016/S0037-0738(98)00041-4.
    • (1998) Sedimentary Geology , vol.119 , pp. 161-179
    • Paik, I.S.1    Lee, Y.I.2
  • 38
    • 84879881012 scopus 로고
    • Systematic variation in the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of Holocene soil carbonate along elevation transects in the Southern Great Basin, USA
    • doi: 10.1 130/0016-7606(1989)1012.3.CO;2
    • Quade, J., Ceiling, T.E., and Bowman, JR., 1989, Systematic variation in the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of Holocene soil carbonate along elevation transects in the southern Great Basin, USA: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, p. 464-475, doi: 10.1 130/0016-7606(1989)1012.3.CO;2.
    • (1989) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.101 , pp. 464-475
    • Quade, J.1    Ceiling, T.E.2    Bowman, J.R.3
  • 39
    • 0031064141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early hominid evolution and ecological change through the African Plio-Pleistocene
    • doi: 10.1006/JHEV1996.0106
    • Reed, K.E., 1997, Early hominid evolution and ecological change through the African Plio-Pleistocene: Journal of Human Evolution, v. 32, p. 289-322, doi: 10.1006/ JHEV 1996.0106.
    • (1997) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.32 , pp. 289-322
    • Reed, K.E.1
  • 41
    • 0032868504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronostratigraphy of the Mio-Pliocene Sagantole Formation, middle Awash Valley, Afar Rift, Ethiopia
    • doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)1112.3.CO;2
    • Renne, R, Woldegabriel, G., Hart, W.K., Heiken, G., and White, T.D., 1999, Chronostratigraphy of the Mio-Pliocene Sagantole Formation, middle Awash Valley, Afar Rift, Ethiopia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, p. 869-885, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)1112.3.CO;2.
    • (1999) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.111 , pp. 869-885
    • Renne, R.1    Woldegabriel, G.2    Hart, W.K.3    Heiken, G.4    White, T.D.5
  • 42
    • 0001197828 scopus 로고
    • Decouverte d'industrie lithique ancienne in situ dans la formation d'Hadar, Afar central, Ethiopia
    • Roche, H., and Tiercelin, J.J., 1977, Decouverte d'industrie lithique ancienne in situ dans la formation d'Hadar, Afar central, Ethiopia: Comptes Rendus de L'Acaderme de Paris, v. 284D, p. 1871-1874.
    • (1977) Comptes Rendus de L'Academie de Paris , vol.284 D , pp. 1871-1874
    • Roche, H.1    Tiercelin, J.J.2
  • 43
    • 0028578825 scopus 로고
    • Changing patterns of land use by Plio-Pleistocene hominids in the Lake Turkana Basin
    • doi: 10.1006/JHEV.1994.1039
    • Rogers, M.J., Feibel, C.S., and Harris, J.W.K., 1994, Changing patterns of land use by Plio-Pleistocene hominids in the Lake Turkana Basin: Journal of Human Evolution, v. 27, p. 139-158, doi: 10.1006/JHEV.1994.1039.
    • (1994) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.27 , pp. 139-158
    • Rogers, M.J.1    Feibel, C.S.2    Harris, J.W.K.3
  • 44
    • 0026458147 scopus 로고
    • Carbon isotopic fractionation in synthetic aragonite and calcite: Effects of temperature and precipitation rate
    • doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90142-6
    • Romanek, C.S., Grossman, E.T., and Morse, JW., 1992, Carbon isotopic fractionation in synthetic aragonite and calcite: Effects of temperature and precipitation rate: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, p. 419-430, doi: 10.10 16/0016-7037(92)90142-6.
    • (1992) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.56 , pp. 419-430
    • Romanek, C.S.1    Grossman, E.T.2    Morse, J.W.3
  • 45
    • 0034473526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The world's oldest stone artifacts from Gona, Ethiopia: Their implications for understanding stone technology and patterns of human evolution between 2.6-1.5 million years ago
    • doi: 10.1006/JASC.1999.0592
    • Semaw, S., 2000, The world's oldest stone artifacts from Gona, Ethiopia: Their implications for understanding stone technology and patterns of human evolution between 2.6-1.5 million years ago: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 27, p. 1197-1214, doi: 10.1006/JASC.1999.0592.
    • (2000) Journal of Archaeological Science , vol.27 , pp. 1197-1214
    • Semaw, S.1
  • 47
    • 26144478956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further 2.5 2.6 million year old artifacts, new Plio-Pleistocene archaeological sites and hominid discoveries of 1999 from Gona, Ethiopia: Abstracts for the Paleoanthropology Society Meetings (Kansas City)
    • Semaw, S., Schick, K., Toth, N., Rogers, M.J., Quade, J., Simpson, S.W., and Dominguez-Rodrigo, M., 2001, Further 2.5 2.6 million year old artifacts, new Plio-Pleistocene archaeological sites and hominid discoveries of 1999 from Gona, Ethiopia: Abstracts for the Paleoanthropology Society Meetings (Kansas City): Journal of Human Evolution, v. 40, no. 3, p. A20.
    • (2001) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.40 , Issue.3
    • Semaw, S.1    Schick, K.2    Toth, N.3    Rogers, M.J.4    Quade, J.5    Simpson, S.W.6    Dominguez-Rodrigo, M.7
  • 50
    • 0019353639 scopus 로고
    • Calcrete in Quaternary coastal dunes in Southwestern Australia: A capillary-rise phenomenon associated with plants
    • Semeniuk, V, and Meagher, M.D., 1981, Calcrete in Quaternary coastal dunes in southwestern Australia: A capillary-rise phenomenon associated with plants: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 51, no. 1, p. 47-68.
    • (1981) Journal of Sedimentary Petrology , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-68
    • Semeniuk, V.1    Meagher, M.D.2
  • 51
    • 1342286645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Pliocene hominid remains from Gona, Ethiopia: Abstracts for the Paleoanthropology Society Meetings (Kansas City)
    • Simpson, S., Semaw, S., Schick, K., Toth, N., Quade, J., Dominguez-Roderigo, M., and Rogers, M.J., 2001, Early Pliocene hominid remains from Gona, Ethiopia: Abstracts for the Paleoanthropology Society Meetings (Kansas City): Journal of Human Evolution, v. 40, no. 3, p. A21.
    • (2001) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.40 , Issue.3
    • Simpson, S.1    Semaw, S.2    Schick, K.3    Toth, N.4    Quade, J.5    Dominguez-Roderigo, M.6    Rogers, M.J.7
  • 52
    • 0025997831 scopus 로고
    • Fractionation of stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon in carbon dioxide during the reaction of calcite with phosphoric acid as a function of temperature and technique
    • Swart, P.K., Burns, S.J., and Leader, J.J., 1991, Fractionation of stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon in carbon dioxide during the reaction of calcite with phosphoric acid as a function of temperature and technique: Chemical Geology, v. 86, p. 89-96.
    • (1991) Chemical Geology , vol.86 , pp. 89-96
    • Swart, P.K.1    Burns, S.J.2    Leader, J.J.3
  • 53
    • 36849165534 scopus 로고
    • Geological and palaeontological background of Hadar hominid site, Afar, Ethiopia
    • Taieb, M., Johanson, D.C., Coppens, Y., and Aronson, J.L., 1976, Geological and palaeontological background of Hadar hominid site, Afar, Ethiopia: Nature, v. 260, p.289-293.
    • (1976) Nature , vol.260 , pp. 289-293
    • Taieb, M.1    Johanson, D.C.2    Coppens, Y.3    Aronson, J.L.4
  • 54
    • 0022840137 scopus 로고
    • The pliocene Hadar formation, Afar depression of Ethiopia
    • Frostick, L.E., Renaut, R., Reid, I, and Tiercelin, J.J., eds., Geological Society of London Special Publication
    • Tiercelin, J.J., 1986, The Pliocene Hadar Formation, Afar Depression of Ethiopia, in Frostick, L.E., Renaut, R., Reid, I, and Tiercelin, J.J., eds., Sedimentation in the African rifts: Geological Society of London Special Publication 23, p. 221-240.
    • (1986) Sedimentation in the African Rifts , vol.23 , pp. 221-240
    • Tiercelin, J.J.1
  • 55
    • 0002917089 scopus 로고
    • The fossil record of African antelopes (Mammalia, Bovidac) in relation to human evolution and paleoclimate
    • Vrba, E.S., Denton, G.H., Partridge, T.C., and Burckle, L.H., 1995, eds., New Haven, Yale University Press
    • Vrba, E., 1995, The fossil record of African antelopes (Mammalia, Bovidac) in relation to human evolution and paleoclimate, in Vrba, E.S., Denton, G.H., Partridge, T.C., and Burckle, L.H., 1995, eds., Paleoclimate and evolution with emphasis on human origins: New Haven, Yale University Press, p. 385-424.
    • (1995) Paleoclimate and Evolution With Emphasis on Human Origins , pp. 385-424
    • Vrba, E.1
  • 56
    • 84879886349 scopus 로고
    • 39Ar dating of the Denen Dora Member of the Hadar Formation
    • doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)0222.3.CO;2
    • 39Ar dating of the Denen Dora Member of the Hadar Formation: Geology, v. 22, p. 6-10, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1994 )0222.3.CO;2.
    • (1994) Geology , vol.22 , pp. 6-10
    • Walter, R.C.1
  • 57
    • 0019896288 scopus 로고
    • Revisions of K/Ar ages for the Hadar hominid site, Ethiopia
    • Walter, R.C., and Aronson, J.L., 1982, Revisions of K/Ar ages for the Hadar hominid site, Ethiopia: Nature, v. 296, p. 122-127.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.296 , pp. 122-127
    • Walter, R.C.1    Aronson, J.L.2
  • 58
    • 0001628378 scopus 로고
    • Age and source of the Sidi Hakoma Tuff, Hadar Formation, Ethiopia
    • doi: 10. 1006/JHEV.1993.1046
    • Walter, R.C., and Aronson, J.L., 1993, Age and source of the Sidi Hakoma Tuff, Hadar Formation, Ethiopia: Journal of Human Evolution, v. 25, p. 229-240, doi: 10. 1006/JHEV 1993.1046.
    • (1993) Journal of Human Evolution , vol.25 , pp. 229-240
    • Walter, R.C.1    Aronson, J.L.2
  • 60
    • 0000572651 scopus 로고
    • Of mice and almost men: Regional paleoecology and human evolution in the Turkana Basin
    • Vrba, E.S., Denton, G.H., Partridge, T.C., and Burckle, L.H., eds., New Haven, Yale University Press
    • Wesselman, H.B., 1995, Of mice and almost men: Regional paleoecology and human evolution in the Turkana Basin, in Vrba, E.S., Denton, G.H., Partridge, T.C., and Burckle, L.H., eds., Paleoclimate and evolution with emphasis on human origins: New Haven, Yale University Press, p. 356-368.
    • (1995) Paleoclimate and Evolution With Emphasis on Human Origins , pp. 356-368
    • Wesselman, H.B.1
  • 61
    • 0038560322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Hadar formation, Afar, Ethiopia
    • [Ph.D. thesis]: Ames, Iowa State University
    • Yemane, T., 1997, Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Hadar Formation, Afar, Ethiopia [Ph.D. thesis]: Ames, Iowa State University, 182 p.
    • (1997) , pp. 182
    • Yemane, T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.