Isolation and analysis of a fur mutant of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Journal of Bacteriology

Volumn 178, Issue 14, 1996, Pages 4224-4232

  Thomas, Christopher E ^a   Frederick Sparling, P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; IRON; MANGANESE;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; BACTERIUM MUTANT; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; IRON TRANSPORT; MISSENSE MUTATION; NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPORTER GENE; TWO DIMENSIONAL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS;

EID: 8944231163     PISSN: 00219193     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jb.178.14.4224-4232.1996     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Achtman, M., M. Neibert, B. A. Crowe, W. Strittmatter, B. Kusecek, E. Weyse, M. J. Walsh, B. Slawig, G. Morelli, A. Moll, and M. Blake. 1988. Purification and characterization of eight class 5 outer membrane protein variants from a clone of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A. J. Exp. Med. 168:507-525.
2. Anderson, J. E., P. F. Sparling, and C. N. Cornelissen. 1994. Gonococcal transferrin-binding protein 2 facilitates hut is not essential for transferrin utilization. J. Bacteriol. 176:3162-1170.
3. Bagg, A., and J. B. Neilands. 1985. Mapping of a mulalion affecting regulation of iron uptake systems in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 161:450-453.
4. Bagg, A., and J. B. Neilands. 1987. Molecular mechanism of regulation of siderophore-mediated iron assimilation. Microbiol. Rev. 51:509-518.
5. Beall, B. W., and G. N. Sanden. 1995. Cloning and initial characterization of the Bordetella pertussis fur gene. Curr. Microbiol. 30:223-226.
6. Berish, S. A., S. Subbarao, C. Y. Chen, D. L. Trees, and S. A. Morse. 1993. Identification and cloning of a fur homolog from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infect. Immun. 61:4599-4606.
7. Beucher, M. D., and P. F. Sparling. 1995. Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the gene encoding FrpB, a major iron-regulated, outer membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J. Bacteriol. 177:2041-2049.
8. Biegle, S., C. E. Thomas, and C. Elkins. Cloning and sequencing of a Haemophilus ducreyi fur homolog. Gene, in press.
9. Biswas, G. D., S. A. Lacks, and P. F. Sparling. 1989. Transformation-deficient mutants of piliated Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J. Bacteriol. 171:657-664.
10. Biswas, G. D., T. Sox, E. Blackman, and P. F. Sparling. 1977. Factors affecting genetic transformation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J. Bacteriol. 129: 983-992.
11. Biswas, G. D., and P. F. Sparling. 1995. Characterization of lbpA, the structural gene for a lactoferrin receptor in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infect. Immun. 63:2958-2967.
12. Black, J. R., D. W. Dyer, M. K. Thompson, and P. F. Sparling. 1986. Human immune response to iron-repressible outer membrane proteins of Neisseria meningitidis. Infect. Immun. 54:710-713.
13. Blanton, K. J., G. D. Biswas, J. Tsai, J. Adams, D. W. Dyer, S. M. Davis, G. G. Koch, P. K. Sen, and P. F. Sparling. 1990. Genetic evidence that Neisseria gonorrhoeae produces specific receptors for transferrin and lactoferrin. J. Bacteriol. 172:5225-5235.
14. Briat, J.-F. 1992. Iron assimilation and storage in prokaryotes. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138:2475-2483.
15. Brickman, T. J., and S. K. Armstrong. 1995. Bordetella pertussis fur gene restores iron repressibility of sideruphore and protein expression to deregulated Bordetella bronchiseptica mutants. J. Bacteriol. 177:268-270.
16. Bullen, J. J., H. J. Rogers, and E. Griffiths. 1978. Role of iron in bacterial infection. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 80:1-35.
17. Campbell, L. A., and R. E. Yasbin. 1979. Deoxyribonucleic acid repair capacities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: absence of photoreactivation. J. Bacteriol. 140:1109-1111.
18. Carbonetti, N., V. Simnad, C. Elkins, and P. F. Sparling. 1990. Construction of isogenic gonococci with variable porin structure: effects on susceptibility to human serum and antibiotics. Mol. Microbiol. 4:1009-1018.
19. Catlin, B. W. 1973. Nutritional profiles of Neisseria gonorrlweae. Neisseria meningitidis, and Neisseria lactamica in chemically defined media and the use of growth requirements for gonococcal typing. J. Infect. Dis. 128:178-194.
20. Chang, A. C. Y., and S. N. Cohen. 1978. Construction and characterization of amplifiable multicopy DNA cloning vehicles derived from the pl5A cryptic miniplasmid. J. Bacteriol. 134:1141-1156.
21. Chen, C.-Y., S. A. Berish, S. A. Morse, and T. A. Meitzner. 1993. The ferric iron-binding protein of pathogenic Neisseria spp. functions as a periplasmic transport protein in iron acquisition from human transferrin. Mol. Microbiol. 10:311-318.
22. Cornelissen, C. N., G. D. Biswas, J. Tsai, D. K. Paruchuri, S. A. Thompson, and P. F. Sparling. 1992. Gonococcal transferrin-binding protein I is required for transferrin utilization and is homologous to TonB-dependent outer membrane receptors. J. Bacteriol. 174:5788-5797.
23. Coy, M., and J. B. Neilands. 1991. Structural dynamics and functional domains of the Fur protein. Biochemistry 30:8201-8210.
24. Elkins, C., N. H. Carbonetti, V. A. Varela, D. Stirewalt, D. G. Klapper, and P. F. Sparling. 1992. Antibodies to N-terminal peptides of gonococcal porin are bactericidal when gonococcal lipopolysaccharide is not sialylated. Mol. Microbiol. 6:2617-2628.
25. Elkins, C., C. E. Thomas, H. S. Seifert, and P. F. Sparling. 1991. Species-specific uptake of DNA by gonococci is mediated by a 10-base-pair sequence. J. Bacteriol. 173:3911-3913.
26. Ernst, J. F., R. L. Bennett, and L. I. Rothfield. 1978. Constitutive expression of the iron-enterochelin and ferrichrome uptake systems in a mutant strain of Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 135:928-934.
27. Flitter, R. W., D. A. Rowley, and B. Halliwell. 1983. Superoxide dependent formation of hvdroxyl radicals in the presence of iron salts. FEBS Lett. 158:310-312.
28. Foster, J. W., and H. K. Hall. 1992. Effect of Salmonella typhimurium ferric uptake regulator (fur) mutations on iron- and pH-regulated protein synthesis. J. Bacteriol. 174:4317-4323.
29. Goodman, S. D., and J. J. Scocca. 1991. Factors influencing the specific interaction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with transforming DNA. J. Bacteriol. 173:5921-5923.
30. Hantke, K. 1981. Regulation of ferric iron transport in Escherichia coli K12: isolation of a constitutive mutant. Mol. Gen. Genet. 182:288-292.
31. Hantke, K. 1987. Selection procedure for deregulated iron transport mutants (fur) in Escherichia coli K 12:fur not only affects iron metabolism. Mol. Gen. Genet. 210:135-139.
32. 2-mediated toxicity in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J. Bacteriol. 172:7293-7296.
33. Heine, R. P., C. Elkins, P. B. Wyrick, and P. F. Sparling. 1996. Transferrin increases adherence of iron deprived Neisseria gonorrhoeae to human endometrial cells. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 174:659-666.
34. Hennecke, H. 1990. Regulation of bacterial gene expression by metal-protein complexes. Mol. Microbiol. 4:1621-1628.
35. Hickey, E. K., and N. P. Cianciotto. 1994. Cloning and sequencing of the Legionella pneumcphila fur gene. Gene 143:117-121.
36. Kellogg, D. S., Jr., W. L. Peacock, Jr., W. E. Deacon, L. Brown, and C. I. Pirkle. 1963. Neisseria gonorrhoeae. I. Virulence genetically linked to clonal variation. J. Bacteriol. 85:1274-1279.
37. Kreuzer, K., C. Pratt, and A. Torriani. 1975. Genetic analysis of regulatory mutants of alkaline phosphatase of E. coli. Genetics 81:459-468.
38. Laemmli, U. K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature (London) 227:680-685.
39. Lam, M. S., C. M. Litwin, P. A. Carroll, and S. B. Calderwood. 1994. Vibrio cholerae fur mutations associated with loss of repressor activity: implications for the structural-functional relationships of Fur. J. Bacteriol. 176:5108-5115,
40. Litwin, C. M., S. A. Boyko, and S. B. Calderwood. 1992. Cloning, sequencing, and transcriptional regulation of the Vibrio cholerae fur gene. J. Bacteriol. 174:1897-1903.
41. Litwin, C. M., and S. B. Calderwood. 1993. Cloning and genetic analysis of the Vibrio vulnificus fur gene and construction of a fur mutant by in vivo marker exchange. J. Bacteriol. 175:706-715.
42. Litwin, C. M., and S. B. Calderwood. 1993. Role of iron in regulation of virulence genes. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 6:137-149.
43. Litwin, C. M., and S. B. Calderwood. 1994. Analysis of the complexity of gene regulation by Fur in Vibrio cholerae. J. Bacteriol. 176:240-248.
44. Mickelsen, P. A., and P. F. Sparling. 1981. Ability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and commensal Neisseria strains to obtain iron from transferrin and iron compounds. Infect. Immun. 33:555-564.
45. Mietzner, T. A., R. C. Barnes, Y. A. JeanLouis, W. M. Shafer, and S. A. Morse. 1986. Distribution of an antigenically related iron-regulated protein among the Neisseria spp. Infect. Immun. 51:60-68.
46. Mildvan, A. S., and L. A. Loeb. 1979. The role of metal ions in the mechanisms of DNA and RNA polymerases. Crit. Rev. Biochem. 6:219-244.
47. Miller, J. H. 1972. Experiments in molecular genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor. N.Y.
48. Morse, S. A., S. A. Berish, C.-Y. Chen, D. L. Trees, T. A. Meitzner, C. A. Genco, and D. Kapczynski. 1991. Structure, function, and regulation of the iron-binding protein, Fbp, p. 453-458. In M. Achtman, P. Kohl, C. Marchal, G. Morelli, A. Seiler, and B. Theisen (ed.), Neisseriae 1990. Walter de Gruyter, New York.
49. Neilands, J. B. 1981. Microbial iron compounds. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 50: 715-731.
50. Norqvist, A., J. Davies, L. Norlander, and S. Normark. 1978. The effect of iron starvation on the outer membrane protein composition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 4:281-284.
51. O'Farrell, P. H. 1975. High resolution two-dimensional electrophorcsis of proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 250:4007-4021.
52. Prentki, P., and H. M. Krisch. 1984. In vitro inscrtional mutagencsis with a selectable DNA fragment. Gene 29:303-313.
53. Prince, R. W., C. D. Cox, and M. L. Vasil. 1993. Coordinate regulation of siderophore and exotoxin A production: molecular cloning and sequencing of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa fur gene. J. Bacteriol. 175:2589-2598.
54. Sailo, T., D. Duly, and R. J. Williams. 1991. The histidines of the iron-uptake regulation protein, Fur. Eur. J. Biochem. 197:39-42.
55. Saito, T., and R. J. Williams. 1991. The binding of the ferric uptake regulation protein to a DNA fragment. Eur. J. Biochem. 197:43-47.
56. Saito, T., M. R. Wormald, and R. J. Williams. 1991. Some structural features of the iron-uptake regulation protein. Eur. J. Biochem. 197:29-38.
57. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
58. Sarubbi, F. A. J., E. Blackman, and P. F. Sparling. 1974. Genetic mapping of linked antibiotic resistance loci in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J. Bacteriol. 120:1284-1292.
59. Schäffer, S., K. Hantke, and V. Braun. 1985. Nucleotide sequence of the iron regulatory gene fur. Mol. Gen. Genet. 200:110-113.
60. Schmitt, M. P., and S. M. Payne. 1988. Genetics and regulation of enterobactin genes in Shigella flexneri. J. Bacteriol. 170:5579-5587.
61. Staggs, T. M., J. D. Fetherston, and R. D. Perry. 1994. Pleiotropic effects of a Yersinia pestis fur mutation. J. Bacteriol. 176:7614-7624.
62. Staggs, T. M., and R. D. Perry. 1991. Identification and cloning of a fur regulatory gene in Yersinia pestis. J. Bacteriol. 173:417-425.
63. Staggs, T. M., and R. D. Perry. 1992. Fur regulation in Yersinia species. Mol. Microbiol. 6:2507-2516.
64. Stern, A., P. Nickel, T. F. Meyer, and M. So. 1984. Opacity determinants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: gene expression and chromosomal linkage to the gonococcal pilus gene. Cell 37:447-456.
65. Stojiljkovic, I., V. Hwa, L. de Saint Martin, P. O'Gaora, X. Nassif, F. Heffron, and M. So. 1995. The Neisseria meningitidis haemoglobin receptor: its role in iron utilization and virulence. Mol. Microbiol. 15:531-541.
66. Thomas, C. E., and P. F. Sparling. 1994. Identification and cloning of a fur homologue from Neisseria meningitidis. Mol. Microbiol. 11:725-737.
67. Tolmasky, M. E., A. M. Wertheimer, L. A. Actis, and J. H. Crosa. 1994. Characterization of the Vibrio anguillarum fur gene: role in regulation of expression of the FatA outer membrane protein and catechols. J. Bacteriol. 176:213-220.
68. Touati, D., M. Jacques, B. Tardat, L. Bouchard, and S. Despied. 1995. Lethal oxidative damage and mutagenesis are generated by iron in delta fur mutants of Escherichia coli: protective role of superoxide dismutase. J. Bacteriol. 177:2305-2314.
69. Towbin, J, T. Staehelin, and J. Gordon. 1979. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedures and some applications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:4350-4354.
70. Trees, D., and J. G. Cannon. Unpublished data.
71. Venturi, V., C. Ottevanger, M. Bracke, and P. J. Weisbeek. 1995 Iron regulation of siderophore biosynthesis and transport in Pseudomonas pulida WCS358: involvement of a transcriptional activator and of the Fur protein. Mol. Microbiol. 15:1081-1093.
72. Wee, S., J. B. Neilands, M. L. Bittner, B. C. Hemming, B. L. Haymore, and R. Seetharam. 1988. Expression, isolation and properties of Fur (ferric uptake regulation) protein of Escherichia coli K12. Biol. Metals 1:62-68.
73. Wei, Y., and L. A, Achenbach. Klebsiella pneumoniae ferric uptake regulation (fur) gene, partial eds. Unpublished data. GenBank accession no. L23871.
74. Weinberg, E. D. 1984. Iron withholding: a defence against infection and neoplasia. Physiol. Rev. 64:65-102.
75. Wertheimer, A. M, M. E. Tolmasky, L. A. Actis, and J. H. Crosa. 1994. Structural and functional analyses of mutant Fur proteins with impaired regulatory function. J. Bacteriol. 176:5116-5122.
76. West, S. E. H., and P. F. Sparling. 1985. Response of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to iron limitation: alterations in expression of membrane proteins without apparent siderophore production. Infect. Immun. 47:388-394.
77. West, S. E. H., and P. F. Sparling. 1987. Aerobactin utilization by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and cloning of a genomic DNA fragment that complements Escherichia coli fhuB mutations. J. Bacteriol. 169:3414-3421.
78. Wooldridge, K. G., P. H. Williams, and J. M. Ketley. 1994. Iron-responsive genetic regulation in Campylobacter jejuni: cloning and characterization of a fur homolog. J. Bacteriol. 176:5852-5856.