From commodity to gift: Gender, class, and the meaning of breast milk in the twentieth century

Historian

Volumn 59, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 74-87

  Golden, Janet ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 8844282022     PISSN: 00182370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. The term "renewable body asset" comes from Jim Hogshire, Sell Yourself to Science: The Complete Guide to Selling Your Organs, Body Fluids, Bodily Functions and Being a Human Guinea Pig (Port Townsend, Wash., 1992)
2. Arjun Appadurai, "Introduction: Commodities and the Politics of Value," in The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective, ed. Arjun Appadurai (Cambridge, 1986), 3-63
3. Igor Kopytoff, "The Cultural Biography of Things: Commoditization as Process," in The Social Life of Things, 64-91
4. Richard M. Titmuss, The Gift Relationship: From Human Blood to Social Policy (London, 1970)
5. see also Karl Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, trans. Ben Fowkes, vol. 1 (New York, 1976)
6. Rima D. Apple, Mothers and Medicine: A Social History of Infant Feeding, 1890-1950 (Madison, 1987)
7. Janet Golden, A Social History of Wet Nursing in America: From Breast to Bottle (New York, 1996)
8. John Zahorsky, From the Hills: An Autobiography of a Pediatrician (St. Louis, 1949), 167
9. Owen W. Wilson, "Discussion," Journal of the American Medical Association 69 (1917): 426
10. Alfred Cleveland Cotton, The Medical Diseases of Infancy and Childhood (Philadelphia, 1906), 108
11. J. Ross Snyder, "The Breast Milk Problem," Journal of the American Medical Association 51 (1908): 1214
12. "Close of the Boston Floating Hospital Season," Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 165 (1911): 459
13. Paul W. Emerson, "The Collection and Preservation of Human Milk," Journal of the American Medical Association 78 (1922): 642
14. Fritz B. Talbot, "Two Methods of Obtaining Human Milk for Hospital Use," Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 164 (1911): 305-6
15. Walter Lester Carr, "A Clinical Report of Simple Methods in the Care of Premature Babies," Archives of Pediatrics 38 (1921): 402
16. Letters of John Price Crozier Griffith, vol. 1, 1914-15, 97; College of Physicians of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
17. Blanche H. DeKoning, "A Twenty-two-year-old Breast Milk Service Reaps Its Reward," Public Health Nursing 25 (1933): 569-70
18. Emerson, "Collection and Preservation," 641-42
19. James A. Tobey, "A New Foster-Mother," Hygeia 7 (1929): 1110
20. Tobey, "New Foster-Mother," 1110
21. Dorothy Deming, "Wet Nurse Past and Present," Public Health Nurse 20 (1928): 87-90
22. Mary Katherine Herwick, "A Mother's Milk Station," American Journal of Nursing 33 (1933): 455
23. Blanche H. DeKoning, "Milk Service Reaps its Reward," 570
24. B. Raymond Hoobler, "An Experiment in the Collection of Human Milk for Hospital and Dispensary Uses," Archives of Pediatrics 31 (1914): 172-73
25. Talbot, "Two Methods," 305
26. Helene Walker, "Maternal Milk Collection," Public Health Nurse 20 (1928): 23-24
27. B. Raymond Hoobler, "Human Milk: Its Commercial Production and Distribution," Journal of the American Medical Association 84 (1925): 166
28. Henry Dwight Chapin, "The Production and Handling of Human Milk," Journal of the American Medical Association 87 (1926): 1364
29. see also Mary D. Blankenhorn, "A Breast Milk Dairy," Hygeia 11 (1933): 412
30. Walker, "Maternal Milk Collection," 24
31. Emerson, "Collection and Preservation of Human Milk," 641-42
32. Golden, Social History of Wet Nursing, 152-54, 191-92
33. Pierre Berton, The Dionne Years (New York, 1977), 63
34. Allan Roy Dafoe, "The Survival of the Dionne Quints," American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 39 (1940): 162
35. Allan Roy Dafoe, "Further History of the Care and Feeding of the Dionne Quints," Canadian Medical Association Journal 34 (1936): 31
36. James A. Tobey, "The Newest Foster Mother," Good Housekeeping, May 1937, 76
37. "Mother's Milk: Babies Now to Get Nature's Food in Cans," Newsweek, 10 November 1934, 36-37
38. Josephine Hemenway Kenyon, Healthy Babies Are Happy Babies: A Complete Handbook for Modern Mothers (Boston, 1934), 54
39. J. Clarence Chambers, Jr., "Mothers' Milk Bank in a Large Municipal Hospital," Hospitals 16 (1942): 79-81
40. "Philadelphia's First Human Milk 'Bank' Saves Lives of Frail Babies," Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 22 February 1940
41. "Saving Lives with Mothers' Milk," Hygeia 18 (1940): 424-28
42. Margaret Marsh and Wanda Ronner, The Empty Cradle: Infertility in America From Colonial Times to the Present (Baltimore, 1996): 161-67
43. American National Red Cross, American Red Cross Blood Donor Service During World War Two: Its Organization and Operation [unpublished report dated 1 July 1946]
44. Louis K. Diamond, "A History of Blood Transfusion," in Blood, Pure and Eloquent: A Story of Discovery, of People and of Ideas, ed. Maxwell M. Wintrobe (New York, 1980), 659-68
45. Henry M. Feinblatt, Transfusion of Blood (New York, 1926)
46. Pearl P. Puckett, "Milk Banks for Babies," Parent's Magazine, November 1943, 20
47. William McKim Marriott, Infant Nutrition (St. Louis, 1930), 113
48. E. Robbins Kimball et al., "The Breast Milk Bank as Community Project," Pediatrics 16 (1955): 264-49
49. Elaine Tyler May, Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era (New York, 1988); 140, 159
50. Rickie Solinger, Wake Up Little Susie: Single Pregnancy and Race Before Roe v. Wade (New York, 1992), 148-86, passim
51. Viviana A. Zelizer, Pricing the Priceless Child: The Changing Social Value of Children (New York, 1985), 169-207
52. Lynn Y. Weiner, "Reconstructing Motherhood: The La Leche League in Postwar America," Journal of American History 80 (1994): 1357-81
53. Apple, Mothers and Medicine, 197
54. Alan S. Ryan et al., "Recent Decline in Breast-Feeding in the United States, 1984 Through 1989," Pediatrics 88 (1991), 719-27
55. Lynn Y. Weiner, From Working Girl to Working Mother: The Female Labor Force in the United States, 1820-1980 (Chapel Hill, 1985), 93 (Table 7, "Percentage of Married Women in the Labor Force, by Presence and Age of Children, 1948-1970"), 141
56. "Mostly College Grads Selling Mothers' Milk," Boston Daily Globe, 21 January 1961
57. "Okla. couple visit Mass. mothers who are keeping their baby alive." Boston Globe, 7 December 1982
58. Thomas Laqueur, Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud (Cambridge, 1990)