Legal aspects of women as a particular social group

International Journal of Refugee Law

Volumn 9, Issue SUPPL. 1, 1997, Pages

  Connors, Jane ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UN Headquarters   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 8844253992     PISSN: 09538186     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/reflaw/9.special_issue.114     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. Byrnes, Andrew, 'Women, Feminism and International Human Rights Law - Methodological Myopia, Fundamental Flaws or Meaningful Marginalisation?' 12 Aust. YB Int'l Law 205 (1992). There is now a large literature devoted to the interface between international legal regulation and the concerns of women. See Cook, Rebecca J. and Oosterveld, Valerie L., 'A Select Bibliography of Women's Human Rights', 44 Am. U. L. Rev. 1429 (1995). See, for example, Goldberg, P., 'Anyplace but Home: Asylum in the United States for Women Fleeing Intimate Violence', 26 Cornell Int'l. LJ 565 (1993); Greatbatch, Jacqueline, 'The Gender Difference: Feminist Critiques of Refugee Discourse', 1 IJRL 518 (1989); Johnsson, Anders B., 'The International Protection of Women Refugees: A Summary of Principal Problems and Issues,' 1 IJRL 221 (1989); Kelly, Nancy, 'Gender-related Persecution: Assessing the Asylum Claims of Women', 26 Cornell Int'l LJ 625 (1993); Macklin, Audrey, 'Refugee Women and the Imperative of Categories', 17 HRQ 213 (1995); Neal, David L., 'Women as a Social Group: Recognising Sex Based Persecution as a Grounds for Asylum', 20 Columbia Hum. Ris. L. Rev. 203 (1988); Stevens, Mattie, 'Recognizing Gender-Specific Persecution: A Proposal to Add Gender as a Sixth Refugee Category', 3 Cornell J. Law and Pub. Pol. 179 (1993).
2. Byrnes, Andrew, 'Women, Feminism and International Human Rights Law - Methodological Myopia, Fundamental Flaws or Meaningful Marginalisation?' 12 Aust. YB Int'l Law 205 (1992). There is now a large literature devoted to the interface between international legal regulation and the concerns of women. See Cook, Rebecca J. and Oosterveld, Valerie L., 'A Select Bibliography of Women's Human Rights', 44 Am. U. L. Rev. 1429 (1995). See, for example, Goldberg, P., 'Anyplace but Home: Asylum in the United States for Women Fleeing Intimate Violence', 26 Cornell Int'l. LJ 565 (1993); Greatbatch, Jacqueline, 'The Gender Difference: Feminist Critiques of Refugee Discourse', 1 IJRL 518 (1989); Johnsson, Anders B., 'The International Protection of Women Refugees: A Summary of Principal Problems and Issues,' 1 IJRL 221 (1989); Kelly, Nancy, 'Gender-related Persecution: Assessing the Asylum Claims of Women', 26 Cornell Int'l LJ 625 (1993); Macklin, Audrey, 'Refugee Women and the Imperative of Categories', 17 HRQ 213 (1995); Neal, David L., 'Women as a Social Group: Recognising Sex Based Persecution as a Grounds for Asylum', 20 Columbia Hum. Ris. L. Rev. 203 (1988); Stevens, Mattie, 'Recognizing Gender-Specific Persecution: A Proposal to Add Gender as a Sixth Refugee Category', 3 Cornell J. Law and Pub. Pol. 179 (1993).
3. Byrnes, Andrew, 'Women, Feminism and International Human Rights Law - Methodological Myopia, Fundamental Flaws or Meaningful Marginalisation?' 12 Aust. YB Int'l Law 205 (1992). There is now a large literature devoted to the interface between international legal regulation and the concerns of women. See Cook, Rebecca J. and Oosterveld, Valerie L., 'A Select Bibliography of Women's Human Rights', 44 Am. U. L. Rev. 1429 (1995). See, for example, Goldberg, P., 'Anyplace but Home: Asylum in the United States for Women Fleeing Intimate Violence', 26 Cornell Int'l. LJ 565 (1993); Greatbatch, Jacqueline, 'The Gender Difference: Feminist Critiques of Refugee Discourse', 1 IJRL 518 (1989); Johnsson, Anders B., 'The International Protection of Women Refugees: A Summary of Principal Problems and Issues,' 1 IJRL 221 (1989); Kelly, Nancy, 'Gender-related Persecution: Assessing the Asylum Claims of Women', 26 Cornell Int'l LJ 625 (1993); Macklin, Audrey, 'Refugee Women and the Imperative of Categories', 17 HRQ 213 (1995); Neal, David L., 'Women as a Social Group: Recognising Sex Based Persecution as a Grounds for Asylum', 20 Columbia Hum. Ris. L. Rev. 203 (1988); Stevens, Mattie, 'Recognizing Gender-Specific Persecution: A Proposal to Add Gender as a Sixth Refugee Category', 3 Cornell J. Law and Pub. Pol. 179 (1993).
4. Byrnes, Andrew, 'Women, Feminism and International Human Rights Law - Methodological Myopia, Fundamental Flaws or Meaningful Marginalisation?' 12 Aust. YB Int'l Law 205 (1992). There is now a large literature devoted to the interface between international legal regulation and the concerns of women. See Cook, Rebecca J. and Oosterveld, Valerie L., 'A Select Bibliography of Women's Human Rights', 44 Am. U. L. Rev. 1429 (1995). See, for example, Goldberg, P., 'Anyplace but Home: Asylum in the United States for Women Fleeing Intimate Violence', 26 Cornell Int'l. LJ 565 (1993); Greatbatch, Jacqueline, 'The Gender Difference: Feminist Critiques of Refugee Discourse', 1 IJRL 518 (1989); Johnsson, Anders B., 'The International Protection of Women Refugees: A Summary of Principal Problems and Issues,' 1 IJRL 221 (1989); Kelly, Nancy, 'Gender-related Persecution: Assessing the Asylum Claims of Women', 26 Cornell Int'l LJ 625 (1993); Macklin, Audrey, 'Refugee Women and the Imperative of Categories', 17 HRQ 213 (1995); Neal, David L., 'Women as a Social Group: Recognising Sex Based Persecution as a Grounds for Asylum', 20 Columbia Hum. Ris. L. Rev. 203 (1988); Stevens, Mattie, 'Recognizing Gender-Specific Persecution: A Proposal to Add Gender as a Sixth Refugee Category', 3 Cornell J. Law and Pub. Pol. 179 (1993).
5. Byrnes, Andrew, 'Women, Feminism and International Human Rights Law - Methodological Myopia, Fundamental Flaws or Meaningful Marginalisation?' 12 Aust. YB Int'l Law 205 (1992). There is now a large literature devoted to the interface between international legal regulation and the concerns of women. See Cook, Rebecca J. and Oosterveld, Valerie L., 'A Select Bibliography of Women's Human Rights', 44 Am. U. L. Rev. 1429 (1995). See, for example, Goldberg, P., 'Anyplace but Home: Asylum in the United States for Women Fleeing Intimate Violence', 26 Cornell Int'l. LJ 565 (1993); Greatbatch, Jacqueline, 'The Gender Difference: Feminist Critiques of Refugee Discourse', 1 IJRL 518 (1989); Johnsson, Anders B., 'The International Protection of Women Refugees: A Summary of Principal Problems and Issues,' 1 IJRL 221 (1989); Kelly, Nancy, 'Gender-related Persecution: Assessing the Asylum Claims of Women', 26 Cornell Int'l LJ 625 (1993); Macklin, Audrey, 'Refugee Women and the Imperative of Categories', 17 HRQ 213 (1995); Neal, David L., 'Women as a Social Group: Recognising Sex Based Persecution as a Grounds for Asylum', 20 Columbia Hum. Ris. L. Rev. 203 (1988); Stevens, Mattie, 'Recognizing Gender-Specific Persecution: A Proposal to Add Gender as a Sixth Refugee Category', 3 Cornell J. Law and Pub. Pol. 179 (1993).
6. Byrnes, Andrew, 'Women, Feminism and International Human Rights Law - Methodological Myopia, Fundamental Flaws or Meaningful Marginalisation?' 12 Aust. YB Int'l Law 205 (1992). There is now a large literature devoted to the interface between international legal regulation and the concerns of women. See Cook, Rebecca J. and Oosterveld, Valerie L., 'A Select Bibliography of Women's Human Rights', 44 Am. U. L. Rev. 1429 (1995). See, for example, Goldberg, P., 'Anyplace but Home: Asylum in the United States for Women Fleeing Intimate Violence', 26 Cornell Int'l. LJ 565 (1993); Greatbatch, Jacqueline, 'The Gender Difference: Feminist Critiques of Refugee Discourse', 1 IJRL 518 (1989); Johnsson, Anders B., 'The International Protection of Women Refugees: A Summary of Principal Problems and Issues,' 1 IJRL 221 (1989); Kelly, Nancy, 'Gender-related Persecution: Assessing the Asylum Claims of Women', 26 Cornell Int'l LJ 625 (1993); Macklin, Audrey, 'Refugee Women and the Imperative of Categories', 17 HRQ 213 (1995); Neal, David L., 'Women as a Social Group: Recognising Sex Based Persecution as a Grounds for Asylum', 20 Columbia Hum. Ris. L. Rev. 203 (1988); Stevens, Mattie, 'Recognizing Gender-Specific Persecution: A Proposal to Add Gender as a Sixth Refugee Category', 3 Cornell J. Law and Pub. Pol. 179 (1993).
7. Byrnes, Andrew, 'Women, Feminism and International Human Rights Law - Methodological Myopia, Fundamental Flaws or Meaningful Marginalisation?' 12 Aust. YB Int'l Law 205 (1992). There is now a large literature devoted to the interface between international legal regulation and the concerns of women. See Cook, Rebecca J. and Oosterveld, Valerie L., 'A Select Bibliography of Women's Human Rights', 44 Am. U. L. Rev. 1429 (1995). See, for example, Goldberg, P., 'Anyplace but Home: Asylum in the United States for Women Fleeing Intimate Violence', 26 Cornell Int'l. LJ 565 (1993); Greatbatch, Jacqueline, 'The Gender Difference: Feminist Critiques of Refugee Discourse', 1 IJRL 518 (1989); Johnsson, Anders B., 'The International Protection of Women Refugees: A Summary of Principal Problems and Issues,' 1 IJRL 221 (1989); Kelly, Nancy, 'Gender-related Persecution: Assessing the Asylum Claims of Women', 26 Cornell Int'l LJ 625 (1993); Macklin, Audrey, 'Refugee Women and the Imperative of Categories', 17 HRQ 213 (1995); Neal, David L., 'Women as a Social Group: Recognising Sex Based Persecution as a Grounds for Asylum', 20 Columbia Hum. Ris. L. Rev. 203 (1988); Stevens, Mattie, 'Recognizing Gender-Specific Persecution: A Proposal to Add Gender as a Sixth Refugee Category', 3 Cornell J. Law and Pub. Pol. 179 (1993).
8. Byrnes, Andrew, 'Women, Feminism and International Human Rights Law - Methodological Myopia, Fundamental Flaws or Meaningful Marginalisation?' 12 Aust. YB Int'l Law 205 (1992). There is now a large literature devoted to the interface between international legal regulation and the concerns of women. See Cook, Rebecca J. and Oosterveld, Valerie L., 'A Select Bibliography of Women's Human Rights', 44 Am. U. L. Rev. 1429 (1995). See, for example, Goldberg, P., 'Anyplace but Home: Asylum in the United States for Women Fleeing Intimate Violence', 26 Cornell Int'l. LJ 565 (1993); Greatbatch, Jacqueline, 'The Gender Difference: Feminist Critiques of Refugee Discourse', 1 IJRL 518 (1989); Johnsson, Anders B., 'The International Protection of Women Refugees: A Summary of Principal Problems and Issues,' 1 IJRL 221 (1989); Kelly, Nancy, 'Gender-related Persecution: Assessing the Asylum Claims of Women', 26 Cornell Int'l LJ 625 (1993); Macklin, Audrey, 'Refugee Women and the Imperative of Categories', 17 HRQ 213 (1995); Neal, David L., 'Women as a Social Group: Recognising Sex Based Persecution as a Grounds for Asylum', 20 Columbia Hum. Ris. L. Rev. 203 (1988); Stevens, Mattie, 'Recognizing Gender-Specific Persecution: A Proposal to Add Gender as a Sixth Refugee Category', 3 Cornell J. Law and Pub. Pol. 179 (1993).
9. Byrnes, Andrew, 'Women, Feminism and International Human Rights Law - Methodological Myopia, Fundamental Flaws or Meaningful Marginalisation?' 12 Aust. YB Int'l Law 205 (1992). There is now a large literature devoted to the interface between international legal regulation and the concerns of women. See Cook, Rebecca J. and Oosterveld, Valerie L., 'A Select Bibliography of Women's Human Rights', 44 Am. U. L. Rev. 1429 (1995). See, for example, Goldberg, P., 'Anyplace but Home: Asylum in the United States for Women Fleeing Intimate Violence', 26 Cornell Int'l. LJ 565 (1993); Greatbatch, Jacqueline, 'The Gender Difference: Feminist Critiques of Refugee Discourse', 1 IJRL 518 (1989); Johnsson, Anders B., 'The International Protection of Women Refugees: A Summary of Principal Problems and Issues,' 1 IJRL 221 (1989); Kelly, Nancy, 'Gender-related Persecution: Assessing the Asylum Claims of Women', 26 Cornell Int'l LJ 625 (1993); Macklin, Audrey, 'Refugee Women and the Imperative of Categories', 17 HRQ 213 (1995); Neal, David L., 'Women as a Social Group: Recognising Sex Based Persecution as a Grounds for Asylum', 20 Columbia Hum. Ris. L. Rev. 203 (1988); Stevens, Mattie, 'Recognizing Gender-Specific Persecution: A Proposal to Add Gender as a Sixth Refugee Category', 3 Cornell J. Law and Pub. Pol. 179 (1993).
10. Quoted in Macklin, Audrey, 'Refugee Women and the Imperative of Categories', 17 URQ, 213, 220, n.30 (1995).
11. L'Orange, H. and S. Eggar, 'Adult Victims of Sexual Assault', in Proceedings of the Institute of Criminology (Sydney, NSW, 1987) 12 at 29ff.
12. For example, Sexual Violence against Refugees: Guidelines for Prevention and Response, UNHCR, Geneva 1995.
13. Melander, Goran, 'The concept of the term "refugee",' in Refugees in the Time of Total War, 6ff.
14. Morsink, Johannes, 'Women's Rights in the Universal Declaration', 13 HRQ 229 (1991).
15. Burrows, Noreen, 'International Law and Human Rights: The Case of Women's Rights', in Human Rights: From Rhetoric to Reality, 80-98, Campbell et al., eds., London, Blackwells, 1986.