Neuropsychological consequences of regular marijuana use: A twin study

Psychological Medicine

Volumn 34, Issue 7, 2004, Pages 1239-1250

  Lyons, Michael J ^{a,b,c,d,e,f,g}   Bar, J L ^{a,b,c,d,e,f,g}   Panizzon, M S ^{a,b,c,d,e,f,g}   Toomey, R ^{a,b,c,d,e,f,g}   Eisen, S ^{a,b,c,d,e,f,g}   Xian, H ^{a,b,c,d,e,f,g}   Tsuang, M T ^{a,b,c,d,e,f,g}  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d Research and Medical Service   (United States)

^e WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f MASSACHUSETTS MENTAL HEALTH CENTER   (United States)

^g HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CANNABIS; ILLICIT DRUG;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CANNABIS ADDICTION; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE TEST; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEMORY; MEMORY DISORDER; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; SCORING SYSTEM;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; DISEASES IN TWINS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; HUMANS; INTELLIGENCE; MALE; MARIJUANA ABUSE; MARIJUANA SMOKING; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PSYCHOMETRICS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC; WECHSLER SCALES;

EID: 8744315433     PISSN: 00332917     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291704002260     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. APA (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn, Revised). American Psychiatric Association: Washington, DC.
2. Block, R. I. (1996). Does heavy marijuana use impair human cognition and brain function? Journal of the American Medical Association 275, 560-561.
3. Block, R. I. & Ghoneim, M. M. (1993). Effects of chronic marijuana use on human cognition. Psychopharmacology 110 219-228.
4. Bolla, K. I., Brown, K., Eldreth, D., Tate, K. & Cadet, J. L. (2002). Dose-related neurocognitive effects of marijuana use. Neurology 59, 1337-1343.
5. Brown, J., Kranzler, H. R. & Del Roca, F. K. (1992). Self-reports by alcohol and drug abuse inpatients: factors affecting reliability and validity. British Journal of Addiction 87, 1013-1024.
6. Cardon, L. R. & Fulker, D. W. (1993). Genetics of specific cognitive abilities. In Nature, Nurture, and Psychology (ed. R. Plomin and G. E. McClearn), pp. 99-120. American Psychological Association: Washington, DC.
7. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Erlbaum Associates: Hillsdale, NJ.
8. Davies, D. R. & Parasuraman, R. (1982). The Psychology of Vigilance. Psychological Assessment Resources Inc.: Orlando, FL.
9. Delis, D. C., Levin, B. E., Kaplan, E. & Ober, B. A. (1987). California Verbal Learning Test: Adult Version. The Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX.
10. Eisen, S., True, W., Goldberg, J., Henderson, W. & Robinette, C. D. (1987). The Vietnam Era Twin (VET) registry: method of construction. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 36, 61-66.
11. Eisen, S., Neuman, R., Goldberg, J., Rice, J. & True, W. (1989). Determining zygosity in the Vietnam era twin registry: an approach using questionnaires. Clinical Genetics 35, 423-432.
12. Eisen, S., Chantarujikapong, S., Xian, H., Lyons, M. J., Toomey, R., True, W. R., Scherrer, J. F., Goldberg, J. & Tsuang, M. T. (2000). Does marijuana use have residual adverse effects on self-reported health measures, socio-demographics and quality of life? A monozygotic co-twin control study in men. Addiction 97, 1137-1144.
13. Ellis, G. M., Mann, M. A., Judson, B. A., Schramm, N. T. & Tashchian, A. (1985). Excretion patterns of cannabinoid metabolites after last use in a group of chronic users. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 38, 572-578.
14. Fadda, F. & Rossetti, Z. L. (1998). Chronic ethanol consumption: from neuroadaptation to neurodegeneration. Progress in Neurobiology 56, 385-431.
15. Fletcher, J. M., Page, J. B., Francis, D. J., Copeland, K., Naus, M. J., Davis, C. M., Morris, R., Krauskopf, D. & Satz, P. (1996). Cognitive correlates of long-term cannabis use in Costa Rican men. Archives of General Psychiatry 53, 1051-1057.
16. Gonzalez, R., Carey, C. & Grant, I. (2002). Nonacute (residual) neuropsychological effects of cannabis use: a qualitative analysis and systematic review. Journal of Clinical Pharmocology 42, 48S-57S.
17. Grant, I., Gonzalez, R., Carey, C. L., Natarajan, L. & Wolfson, T. (2003). Non-acute (residual) neurocognitive effects of cannabis use: a meta-analytic study. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 9, 679-689.
18. Halstead, W. C. (1947). Brain and Intelligence. University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
19. Harrison, E. R., Haaga, J. & Richards, T. (1993). Self-reported drug use data: what do they reveal? American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 19, 423-441.
20. Heaton, R. K. (1981). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Psychological Assessment Resources: Odessa, FL.
21. Henderson, W. G., Eisen, S., Goldberg, J., True, W. R., Barnes, J. E., & Vitek, M. E. (1990). The Vietnam Era Twin Registry: a resource for medical research. Public Health Reports 105, 368-373.
22. Jastak, S. & Wilkinson, G. S. (1984). Wide Range Achievement Test - Revised. Jastak Assessment Systems: Wilmington, DE.
23. Lezak, M. D. (1995). Neuropsychological Assessment (3rd edn). New York: Oxford University Press.
24. Lyketsos, C. G., Garrett, E., Liang, K. Y. & Anthony, J. C. (1999). Cannabis use and cognitive decline in persons under 65 years of age. American Journal of Epidemiology 49, 794-800.
25. Matthews, C. G. & Klove, H. (1964). Instruction Manual for the Adult Neuropsychology Test Battery. University of Wisconsin Medical School: Madison, WI.
26. Mendhiratta, S. S., Varma, V. K., Dang, R., Malhotra, A. K., Das, K. & Nehra, R. (1988). Cannabis and cognitive functions: a re-evaluation study. British Journal of Addiction 83, 749-753.
27. Mesulam, M. M. (1985). Principles of Behavioral Neurology. F. A. Davis: Philadelphia.
28. Osterrieth, P. A. (1944). Le test de copie d'une figure complexe. Archives de Psychologie 30, 206-356; translated by J. Corwin & F. W. Bylsma (1993). The Clinical Neuropsychologist 7, 9-15.
29. Pope, H. G., Gruber, A. J., Hudson, J. I., Cohane, G., Huestis, M. A. & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2003). Early-onset cannabis use and cognitive deficits: what is the nature of the association? Drug and Alcohol Dependence 69, 303-310.
30. Pope, H. G., Gruber, A. M., Hudson, J. I., Huestis, M. A. & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2002). Cognitive measures in long-term cannabis users. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 42, 41S-47S.
31. Pope, H. G., Gruber, A. J. & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (1995). The residual neuropsychological effects of cannabis: the current status of research. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 38, 25-34.
32. Pope, H. G., Jacobs, A., Mialet, J. O., Yurgelun-Todd, D. & Gruber, S. (1997). Evidence for a sex-specific residual effect of cannabis on visuospatial memory. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 66, 179-184.
33. Pope, H. G. & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (1996). The residual cognitive effects of heavy marijuana use in college students. Journal of the American Medical Association 275, 521-527.
34. Raven, J. C. (1982). Revised Manual for Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scale. NFER Nelson: Windsor, UK.
35. Rey, A. (1941). Psychological examination of traumatic encephalopathy. Archives de Psychologie 28, 286-340; sections translated by J. Corwin and F. W. Bylsma (1993). The Clinical Neuropsychologist 7, 4-9.
36. Robins, L., Helzer, J., Cottler, L. & Goldring, E. (1989). NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule Version III Revised (DIS-III-R). Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School: St Louis, MO.
37. Rosvold, H. E., Mirsky, A. F., Sarason, I., Bransome, E. D. & Beck, L. H. (1956). A continuous performance test of brain damage. Journal of Consulting Psychology 20, 343-350.
38. Schwartz, R. H., Gruenewald, P. J., Klitzner, M. & Fedio, P. (1989). Short-term memory impairment on cannabis-dependent adolescents. American Journal of Diseases of Children 143, 1214-1219.
39. Solowij, N., Stephens, R. S., Roffman, R. A., Babor, T., Kadden, R., Miller, M., Christiansen, K., McRee, B. & Vendetti, J. (2002). Cognitive functioning of long-term heavy cannabis users seeking treatment. Journal of the American Medical Association 287, 1123-1131.
40. Solowij, N., Michie, P. T. & Fox, A. M. (1991). Effects of long-term cannabis use on selective attention: an event-related potential study. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 40, 683-688.
41. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology 18, 643-662.
42. Toomey, R., Lyons, M. J., Eisen, S. A., Xian, H., Chantarujikapong, S., Seidman, L. J., Faraone, S. V. & Tsuang, M. T. (2003). A twin study of the neuropsychological consequences of stimulant abuse. Archives of General Psychiatry 60, 303-310.
43. Tsuang, M. T., Bar, J. L., Harley, R. M. & Lyons, M. J. (2001). The Harvard twin study of substance abuse: what we have learned. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 9, 267-279.
44. Varma, V. K., Malhotra, A. K., Dang, R., Das, K. & Nehra, R. (2000). Cannabis and cognitive functions: a prospective study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 21, 147-152.
45. Wechsler, D. (1981). WAIS-R Manual: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised. Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX.
46. Wechsler, D. (1987). Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Manual. Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX.