From war to peace? Changing patterns of violence in Northern Ireland, 1990-2003

Terrorism and Political Violence

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 420-438

  Jarman, Neil ^a,b  

^a Institute for Conflict Research   (United Kingdom)

^b ICR   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 8744256847     PISSN: 09546553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09546550490509739     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Howard Clark, Civil Resistance in Kosovo (London: Pluto Press 2000) p.207.
2. Graeme Simpson, Rebuilding Fractured Societies: Reconstruction, Reconciliation and the Changing Nature of Violence in South Africa, unpublished Conference Paper (2000).
3. Joanne Hughes, Caitlin Donnelly, Gillian Robinson and Lizanne Dowds, Community Relations in Northern Ireland: The Long View, www.ark.ac.uk (2003); Rick Wilford and Robin Wilson, A Route to Stability: The Review of the Belfast Agreement, www.democraticdialogue.org (2003).
4. Joanne Hughes, Caitlin Donnelly, Gillian Robinson and Lizanne Dowds, Community Relations in Northern Ireland: The Long View, www.ark.ac.uk (2003); Rick Wilford and Robin Wilson, A Route to Stability: The Review of the Belfast Agreement, www.democraticdialogue.org (2003).
5. Committee on the Administration of Justice, The Misrule of Law (Belfast: CAJ 1996).
6. Callie Persic and Stephen Bloomer, The Feud and the Fury: The Response of the Community Sector to the Shankill Feud, August 2000 (Belfast: Springfield Inter-community Development Project 2001).
7. Pat Conway, 'A Response to Paramilitary Policing in Northern Ireland', Critical Criminology 8/1 (1997) pp.109-21; Colin Knox and Rachel Monaghan, Informal Justice in Divided Societies: Northern Ireland and South Africa (Basing-stoke: Palgrave 2002); Kieran McEvoy, 'Human Rights, Humanitarian Interventions and Paramilitary Activities in Northern Ireland', in Colin Harvey (ed), Human Rights, Equality and Democratic Renewal in Northern Ireland (Oxford: Hart Publishing 2001) pp.215-48.
8. Pat Conway, 'A Response to Paramilitary Policing in Northern Ireland', Critical Criminology 8/1 (1997) pp.109-21; Colin Knox and Rachel Monaghan, Informal Justice in Divided Societies: Northern Ireland and South Africa (Basing-stoke: Palgrave 2002); Kieran McEvoy, 'Human Rights, Humanitarian Interventions and Paramilitary Activities in Northern Ireland', in Colin Harvey (ed), Human Rights, Equality and Democratic Renewal in Northern Ireland (Oxford: Hart Publishing 2001) pp.215-48.
9. Pat Conway, 'A Response to Paramilitary Policing in Northern Ireland', Critical Criminology 8/1 (1997) pp.109-21; Colin Knox and Rachel Monaghan, Informal Justice in Divided Societies: Northern Ireland and South Africa (Basing-stoke: Palgrave 2002); Kieran McEvoy, 'Human Rights, Humanitarian Interventions and Paramilitary Activities in Northern Ireland', in Colin Harvey (ed), Human Rights, Equality and Democratic Renewal in Northern Ireland (Oxford: Hart Publishing 2001) pp.215-48.
10. Sean Farrell, Rituals and Riots: Sectarian Violence and Political Culture in Ulster 1784-1886 (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press 2000); and T.G. Fraser (ed), The Irish Parading Tradition: Following the Drum (Basingstoke: Macmillan 2000).
11. Sean Farrell, Rituals and Riots: Sectarian Violence and Political Culture in Ulster 1784-1886 (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press 2000); and T.G. Fraser (ed), The Irish Parading Tradition: Following the Drum (Basingstoke: Macmillan 2000).
12. Neil Jarman, Managing Disorder: Responding to Interface Violence in North Belfast (Belfast: Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister 2002).
13. Fred Boal, Shaping a City: Belfast in the Late Twentieth Century (Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies QUB 1995).
14. Jarman, Managing Disorder (note 8); and Northern Ireland Housing Executive, Towards a Community Relations Strategy: A Discussion Paper (Belfast: NIHE 1999). Data was also supplied by the Northern Ireland Housing Executive.
15. PSNI, Chief Constable's Annual Report (Belfast: PSNI 2003); Neil Jarman and Rachel Monaghan, Racist Harassment in Northern Ireland (Belfast: Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister 2003); and Neil Jarman and Alex Tennant, An Acceptable Prejudice: Homophobic Harassment and Violence in Northern Ireland (Belfast: Institute for Conflict Research 2003).
16. PSNI, Chief Constable's Annual Report (Belfast: PSNI 2003); Neil Jarman and Rachel Monaghan, Racist Harassment in Northern Ireland (Belfast: Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister 2003); and Neil Jarman and Alex Tennant, An Acceptable Prejudice: Homophobic Harassment and Violence in Northern Ireland (Belfast: Institute for Conflict Research 2003).
17. PSNI, Chief Constable's Annual Report (Belfast: PSNI 2003); Neil Jarman and Rachel Monaghan, Racist Harassment in Northern Ireland (Belfast: Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister 2003); and Neil Jarman and Alex Tennant, An Acceptable Prejudice: Homophobic Harassment and Violence in Northern Ireland (Belfast: Institute for Conflict Research 2003).
18. Home Office, Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System (London: Home Office 2000).
19. Anna Clancy and Mike Hough, Crime Policing and Justice: The Experience of Ethnic Minorities Findings from the 2000 British Crime Survey Home Office Research Study 223 (London: Home Office 2001).
20. Organized Crime Task Force, Threat Assessment 2003: Serious and Organized Crime in Northern Ireland (Belfast: Northern Ireland Organized Crime Task Force 2003).
21. Persic and Bloomer (note 5).
22. Colin Knox and Rachel Monaghan, Informal Criminal Justice Systems in Northern Ireland (Jordanstown: University of Ulster 2000).
23. Northern Ireland Office, A Commentary on Northern Ireland Crime Statistics 2001 (Belfast: Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Branch 2003).
24. See, for example, Committee on the Administration of Justice (note 4); Human Rights Watch, To Serve Without Favor (New York: Human Rights Watch 1997); Foinnuala Ní Aoláin, The Politics of Force: Conflict Management and State Violence in Northern Ireland (Belfast: Blackstaff Press 2000); and Dermot Walsh, Bloody Sunday and the Rule of Law in Northern Ireland (Dublin: Gill and Macmillan 2000).
25. See, for example, Committee on the Administration of Justice (note 4); Human Rights Watch, To Serve Without Favor (New York: Human Rights Watch 1997); Foinnuala Ní Aoláin, The Politics of Force: Conflict Management and State Violence in Northern Ireland (Belfast: Blackstaff Press 2000); and Dermot Walsh, Bloody Sunday and the Rule of Law in Northern Ireland (Dublin: Gill and Macmillan 2000).
26. See, for example, Committee on the Administration of Justice (note 4); Human Rights Watch, To Serve Without Favor (New York: Human Rights Watch 1997); Foinnuala Ní Aoláin, The Politics of Force: Conflict Management and State Violence in Northern Ireland (Belfast: Blackstaff Press 2000); and Dermot Walsh, Bloody Sunday and the Rule of Law in Northern Ireland (Dublin: Gill and Macmillan 2000).
27. Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland, Annual Report April 2002-March 2003 (Belfast: PONI 2003); Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland, A Study of Complaints Involving the Use of Batons by the Police in Northern Ireland (Belfast: PONI 2003); and Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland, Third Anniversary: Sifting the Evidence, Improving Policing, Building Confidence (Belfast: PONI 2003).
28. Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland, Annual Report April 2002-March 2003 (Belfast: PONI 2003); Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland, A Study of Complaints Involving the Use of Batons by the Police in Northern Ireland (Belfast: PONI 2003); and Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland, Third Anniversary: Sifting the Evidence, Improving Policing, Building Confidence (Belfast: PONI 2003).
29. Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland, Annual Report April 2002-March 2003 (Belfast: PONI 2003); Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland, A Study of Complaints Involving the Use of Batons by the Police in Northern Ireland (Belfast: PONI 2003); and Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland, Third Anniversary: Sifting the Evidence, Improving Policing, Building Confidence (Belfast: PONI 2003).
30. Clark (note 1); Monique Marks, Young Warriors: Youth Politics, Identity and Violence in South Africa (Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand Press 2001); Wilfred Schärf and Daniel Nina, The Other Law: Non-State Ordering in South Africa (Lansdowne: JUTA Law 2001); and Simpson (note 2).
31. Clark (note 1); Monique Marks, Young Warriors: Youth Politics, Identity and Violence in South Africa (Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand Press 2001); Wilfred Schärf and Daniel Nina, The Other Law: Non-State Ordering in South Africa (Lansdowne: JUTA Law 2001); and Simpson (note 2).
32. Patten Report, A New Beginning: Policing in Northern Ireland (Belfast: Stationary Office 1999).
33. Jarman, Managing Disorder (note 8); and Neil Jarman, 'From Outrage to Apathy? The Disputes over Parades 1995-2003', Global Review of Ethnopolitics 3/1 (2003) pp.92-105.
34. Jarman, Managing Disorder (note 8); and Neil Jarman, 'From Outrage to Apathy? The Disputes over Parades 1995-2003', Global Review of Ethnopolitics 3/1 (2003) pp.92-105.
35. PSNI, Chief Constable's Annual Report (Belfast: PSNI 2003).
36. Liam Kennedy, They Shoot Children Don't They? An Analysis of the Age and Gender of Victims of Paramilitary 'Punishments' in Northern Ireland (Belfast: Queens University 2001); Liam Kennedy, They Shoot Children Don't They? Child Victims of Paramilitary 'Punishments' in Northern Ireland in 2002 (Belfast: Queens University 2003); and Knox and Monaghan, Informal Justice in Divided Societies (note 6).
37. Liam Kennedy, They Shoot Children Don't They? An Analysis of the Age and Gender of Victims of Paramilitary 'Punishments' in Northern Ireland (Belfast: Queens University 2001); Liam Kennedy, They Shoot Children Don't They? Child Victims of Paramilitary 'Punishments' in Northern Ireland in 2002 (Belfast: Queens University 2003); and Knox and Monaghan, Informal Justice in Divided Societies (note 6).
38. Liam Kennedy, They Shoot Children Don't They? An Analysis of the Age and Gender of Victims of Paramilitary 'Punishments' in Northern Ireland (Belfast: Queens University 2001); Liam Kennedy, They Shoot Children Don't They? Child Victims of Paramilitary 'Punishments' in Northern Ireland in 2002 (Belfast: Queens University 2003); and Knox and Monaghan, Informal Justice in Divided Societies (note 6).
39. Neil Jarman, 'Victims and Perpetrators: Racism and Young People in Northern Ireland', Child Care in Practice 9/2 (2003) pp.129-39; Neil Jarman and Chris O'Halloran, 'Recreational Rioting: Young People, Interface Areas and Violence', Child Care in Practice 7/1 (2001) pp.2-16.
40. Neil Jarman, 'Victims and Perpetrators: Racism and Young People in Northern Ireland', Child Care in Practice 9/2 (2003) pp.129-39; Neil Jarman and Chris O'Halloran, 'Recreational Rioting: Young People, Interface Areas and Violence', Child Care in Practice 7/1 (2001) pp.2-16.
41. Jennifer Hamilton, Katy Radford and Neil Jarman, Policing, Accountability and Young People (Belfast: Institute for Conflict Research 2003); and Neil Jarman, George Quinn, Jo Murphy and Susan Nichol, 'Escaping to the Happy Planet? Drug Use, Education and Professional Support in North Belfast', Child Care in Practice 8/3 (2002) pp.159-75.
42. Jennifer Hamilton, Katy Radford and Neil Jarman, Policing, Accountability and Young People (Belfast: Institute for Conflict Research 2003); and Neil Jarman, George Quinn, Jo Murphy and Susan Nichol, 'Escaping to the Happy Planet? Drug Use, Education and Professional Support in North Belfast', Child Care in Practice 8/3 (2002) pp.159-75.
43. Desmond Bell, Acts of Union: Youth Culture and Sectarianism in Northern Ireland(Basingstoke: Macmillan 1990); Neil Jarman, Material Conflicts: Parades and Visual Displays in Northern Ireland (Oxford: Berg 1997); Neil Jarman, 'For God and Ulster: Blood and Thunder Bands and Loyalist Political Culture', in T.G. Fraser (ed), The Irish Parading Tradition: Following the Drum (Basingstoke: Macmillan 2000) pp.158-72; Bill Rolston, 'Music and Politics in Ireland: The Case of Loyalism', in J. Harrington and E. Mitchell (eds), Politics and Performance in Contemporary Northern Ireland (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press 1999) pp.29-56.
44. Desmond Bell, Acts of Union: Youth Culture and Sectarianism in Northern Ireland(Basingstoke: Macmillan 1990); Neil Jarman, Material Conflicts: Parades and Visual Displays in Northern Ireland (Oxford: Berg 1997); Neil Jarman, 'For God and Ulster: Blood and Thunder Bands and Loyalist Political Culture', in T.G. Fraser (ed), The Irish Parading Tradition: Following the Drum (Basingstoke: Macmillan 2000) pp.158-72; Bill Rolston, 'Music and Politics in Ireland: The Case of Loyalism', in J. Harrington and E. Mitchell (eds), Politics and Performance in Contemporary Northern Ireland (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press 1999) pp.29-56.
45. Desmond Bell, Acts of Union: Youth Culture and Sectarianism in Northern Ireland(Basingstoke: Macmillan 1990); Neil Jarman, Material Conflicts: Parades and Visual Displays in Northern Ireland (Oxford: Berg 1997); Neil Jarman, 'For God and Ulster: Blood and Thunder Bands and Loyalist Political Culture', in T.G. Fraser (ed), The Irish Parading Tradition: Following the Drum (Basingstoke: Macmillan 2000) pp.158-72; Bill Rolston, 'Music and Politics in Ireland: The Case of Loyalism', in J. Harrington and E. Mitchell (eds), Politics and Performance in Contemporary Northern Ireland (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press 1999) pp.29-56.
46. Desmond Bell, Acts of Union: Youth Culture and Sectarianism in Northern Ireland(Basingstoke: Macmillan 1990); Neil Jarman, Material Conflicts: Parades and Visual Displays in Northern Ireland (Oxford: Berg 1997); Neil Jarman, 'For God and Ulster: Blood and Thunder Bands and Loyalist Political Culture', in T.G. Fraser (ed), The Irish Parading Tradition: Following the Drum (Basingstoke: Macmillan 2000) pp.158-72; Bill Rolston, 'Music and Politics in Ireland: The Case of Loyalism', in J. Harrington and E. Mitchell (eds), Politics and Performance in Contemporary Northern Ireland (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press 1999) pp.29-56.