On the optical theory of underwater vision in humans

Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, and Vision

Volumn 21, Issue 11, 2004, Pages 2061-2064

  Gislén, Anna ^a   Gislén, Lars ^a  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BESSEL FUNCTIONS; FOCUSING; IMAGE QUALITY; OPTICAL TRANSFER FUNCTION; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; UNDERWATER VISIBILITY;

CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; OPTICAL THEORY; PUPIL CONSTRICTION; UNDERWATER VISION;

VISION;

WATER;

ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; HUMAN; IMMERSION; OPTICS; VISION;

HUMANS; IMMERSION; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; OPTICS; VISION; WATER;

EID: 8744250151     PISSN: 10847529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.21.002061     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. W. J. Smith, Modern Optical Engineering (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1966).
2. N.C. Strang, D. A. Atchinson, and R. L. Woods, "Effects of defocus and pupil size on human contrast sensitivity," Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 19, 415-426 (1999).
3. R. L. Woods, N. C. Strang, and D. A. Atchison, "Measuring contrast sensitivity with inappropriate optical correction," Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 20, 442-451 (2000).
4. A. Gislén, M. Dacke, R. H. H. Kröger, M. Abrahamson, D.-E. Nilsson, and E. J. Warrant, "Superior underwater vision in a human population of sea-gypsies," Curr. Biol. 13, 833-836 (2003).
5. A. Gislén, E. J. Warrant, and R. H. H. Kröger, " Voluntary accommodation improves underwater vision in humans," manuscript available from the authors (anna.gislenγob.lu.se).
6. A. Bradley and R. D. Freeman, "Contrast sensitivity in children," Vision Res. 22, 953-959 (1982).
7. L. A. Olzak and J. R Thomas, "Seeing spatial patterns," in Handbook of Perception and Human Performance, K. R. Boff, L. Kaufman, and J. R Thomas, eds. (Wiley, New York, 1986), Chap. 7.
8. J. Gwiazda, J. Bauer, F. Thorn, and R. Held, "Development of spatial contrast sensitivity from infancy to adulthood: psychophysical data," Optom. Vision Sci. 74, 785-789 (1997).
9. F. W. Campbell and J. G. Robson, "The application of Fourier analysis to the visibility of gratings," J. Physiol. (London) 197, 551-566 (1968).
10. K. K. De Valois, "Spatial frequency adaptation can enhance contrast sensitivity," Vision Res. 17, 1057-1065 (1977).
11. P. T. Sowden, I. R. L. Davies, and R Roling, "Perceptual learning of the detection of features in X-ray images: a functional role for improvement in adults' visual sensitivity?" J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 26, 379-390 (2000).
12. P.T. Sowden, D. Rose, and I. R. L. Davies, "Perceptual learning of luminance contrast detection: specific for spatial frequency and retinal location but not orientation," Vision Res. 42, 1249-1258 (2002).
13. A. Gislén and M. Dacke, "A simple way to assess contrast sensitivity in children living in remote areas," manuscript available from the authors (anna.gislenγob.lu.se).
14. H. Davson, Physiology of the Eye, 5th ed. (MacMillan, London, 1990), p. 830.
15. E. Marg and M. W. Morgan, "The pupillary near reflex," Am. J. Optom. Arch. Am. Acad. Optom. 26, 183-198 (1949).
16. F. Schaeffel, H. Wilhelm, and E. Zrenner, "Inter-individual variability in the dynamics of natural accommodation in humans: relation to age and refractive errors," J. Physiol. (London) 461, 301-320 (1993).
17. N. Roth, "Effect of reduced retinal illuminance on the pupillary near reflex," Vision Res. 9, 1259-1266 (1969).
18. J. G. Sivak, "A survey of vertebrate strategies for vision in air and water," in Sensory Ecology, M. A. Ali, ed. (Plenum, New York, 1978), pp. 503-519.
19. L. Herman, M. F. Peacock, M. P. Yunker, and C. J. Madsen, "Bottlenose dolphin: double-slit pupil yields equivalent aerial and underwater diurnal activity," Science 189, 650-652 (1975).
20. L. A. Rivamonte, "Eye model to account for comparable aerial and underwater acuities of the bottlenose dolphin," Neth. J. Sea Res. 10, 491-498 (1976).
21. F. Schaeffel, "Underwater vision in semi-aquatic European snakes," Naturwissenschaften 78, 373-375 (1991).
22. F. Schaeffel and A. De Queiroz, "Alternative mechanisms of enhanced underwater vision in the Garter snakes Thampopsis melanogaster and T. couchii," Copeia 1, 50-58 (1990).
23. F. Thorn and F. Schwartz, "Effects of dioptric blur on Snellen and grating acuity," Optom. Vision Sci. 67, 3-7 (1990).