Continuous cover forestry: Possible implications for surface water acidification in the UK uplands

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 306-313

  Reynolds, B ^a  

^a BANGOR UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Acidification; Clearfelling; Continuous cover forestry; Forestry

Indexed keywords

ACIDIFICATION; AFFORESTATION; CLEARCUTTING; CONIFEROUS FOREST; FOREST MANAGEMENT; UPLAND REGION; WATER QUALITY;

EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; EUROPE; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE; WORLD;

CONIFEROPHYTA;

EID: 8644273903     PISSN: 10275606     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/hess-8-306-2004     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Adamson, J.K., Hornung, M., Kennedy, V.H., Norris, D.A., Paterson, I.S. and Stevens, P.A., 1992. Soil Solution Chemistry Under Adjacent Stands of Japanese Larch and Sitka Spruce at Three Contrasting Locations in Britain. Report to the Department of the Environment DoE/NERC contract PECD 7/12/049. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Merlewood Research Station, Cumbria, UK. 38pp.
2. Alban, D.H., 1982. Effects of nutrient accumulation by aspen, spruce and pine on soil properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J., 46, 153-457.
3. Anderson, M.L., 1960. Norway spruce - silver fir - beech mixed selection forest. Is it possible to reproduce this in Scotland? Scottish Forestry, 14, 87-93.
4. Brown, A.H.F. and Iles, M.A., 1991. Water chemistry profiles under four tree species at Gisburn, NW England. Forestry, 64, 169-187.
5. Carnol, M., Ineson, P., Anderson, J.M., Beese, F., Berg, M.P., Bolger, T., Couteaux, M.M., Cudlin, P., Dolan, S., Raubuch, M. and Verhoef, H.A., 1997. The effects of ammonium sulphate deposition and root sinks on soil solution chemistry in coniferous forest soils. Biogeochemistry, 38, 255-280.
6. Emmett, B.A., Stevens, P.A. and Reynolds, B., 1995. Factors influencing nitrogen saturation in Sitka spruce stands in Wales, UK. Water Air Soil Pollut., 85, 1629-1634.
7. Emmett, B.A., Boxman, D., Bredemeier, M., Gundersen, P., Kjönaas, O.J., Moldan, F., Schleppi, P., Tietema, A. and Wright, R.F., 1998. Predicting the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in conifer stands: Evidence from the NITREX ecosystem-scale experiments. Ecosystems, 1, 352-360.
8. Environment Agency, 1998. Broadleaf Woodlands: The Implications for Water Quantity and Quality. R&D Publication No. 5, Stationery Office, London, UK. 37pp.
9. Evans, C., Jenkins, A., Helliwell, R.., Ferrier, R. and Collins, R., 2001. Freshwater Acidification and Recovery in the United Kingdom. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK. 80pp.
10. Fahey, T.J., Hill, M.O., Stevens, P.A., Hornung, M. and Rowland, A.P., 1991. Nutrient accumulation in vegetation following conventional and whole-tree harvest of Sitka spruce plantations in north Wales. Forestry, 64, 271-288.
11. Forestry Commission, 1993. Forests and Water Guidelines. Third Edition, HMSO, London, UK. 32pp.
12. Forestry Commission, 1998. The UK Forestry Standard. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, UK. 74pp.
13. Forestry Commission, 2003. Forests and Water Guidelines. Fourth Edition, HMSO, London, UK. 66pp.
14. Forestry Commission / Environment Agency, 2001. Outputs from Harvesting R&D Projects and Recommendations for Forests and Water Guidelines Review. Forestry Commission and Environment Agency Joint R&D Outputs Working Group, October 2001. 34pp.
15. Gundersen, P., Callesen, I. and de Vries, W., 1998. Nitrate leaching in forest ecosystems is related to forest floor C/N ratios. Environ. Pollut., 102, 403-407.
16. Hornung, M., 1985. Acidification by trees and forests. Soil Use Manage., 1, 24-28.
17. Hughes, S., Norris, D.A., Stevens, P.A., Reynolds, B. and Williams, T.G., 1994. Effects of forest age on surface drainage water and soil solution aluminium chemistry in stagnopodzols in Wales. Water, Air Soil Pollut., 77, 115-139.
18. Ivens, W.P.M.F., 1990. Atmospheric deposition onto forests: An analysis of the deposition variability by means of throughfall measurements. Nederlande Geografische Studies. 118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
19. Kinniburgh, D.G. and Trafford, J.M., 1996. Unsaturated zone pore water chemistry and the edge effect in a beech forest in Southern England. Water Air Soil Pollut, 2, 421-450.
20. Lindberg, S.E. and Owens, J.G., 1993. Throughfall studies of deposition to forest edges and gaps in montane ecosystems. Biogeochemistry, 19, 173-194.
21. Mason, W. and Kerr, G. 2001. Transforming Even-aged Conifer Stands to Continuous Cover Management. Information Note 40, Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, UK. 8pp.
22. Mason, W., Kerr, G. and Simpson, J., 1999. What is Continuous Cover Forestry? Information Note 29, Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, UK. 8pp.
23. Miles, J., 1978. The Influence of Trees on Soil Properties. Annual Report of the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology 1977, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Huntingdon, UK, 7-11.
24. National Assembly for Wales, 2000. Woodlands for Wales. The National Assembly for Wales Strategy for Trees and Woodlands. National Assembly for Wales, Cardiff, UK. 49pp.
25. Neal, C. and Reynolds, B., 1998. The Impact of Conifer Harvesting and Replanting on Upland Water Quality. R&D Technical Report P211. Environment Agency, Bristol, UK. 137pp.
26. Neal, C., Reynolds, B., Wilkinson, J., Hill, T., Neal, M., Hill, S. and Harrow, M., 1998a. The impacts of conifer harvesting on runoff water quality: a regional survey for Wales. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 2, 323-344.
27. Neal, C., Reynolds, B., Adamson, J.K., Stevens, P.A., Neal, M. and Harrow, M., 1998b. Analysis of the impacts of major anion variations on surface water acidity particularly with regard to conifer harvesting: case studies from Wales and Northern England. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 2, 303-322.
28. Neal, C., Reynolds, B., Neal, M., Wickham, H., Hill, L. and Williams, B., 2004. The impact of conifer harvesting on stream water quality: the Afon Hafren, mid-Wales. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 503-520.
29. NEGTAP, 2001. Transboundary Air Pollution: Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level Ozone in the UK. Report Prepared by the National Expert Group on Transboundary Air Pollution, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London, UK. 314pp.
30. Nisbet, T., Dutch, J. and Moffat, A., 1997. Whole-Tree Harvesting. A Guide to Good Practice. Forestry Commission Practice Guide. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, UK. 12pp.
31. Ovington, J.D., 1953. Studies of the development of woodland conditions under different trees. I. Soil pH. J. Ecol., 41, 13-34.
32. Reynolds, B. and Stevens, P.A., 1998. Assessing soil calcium depletion following growth and harvesting of Sitka spruce plantation forestry in the acid sensitive Welsh uplands. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 2, 345-352.
33. Soulsby, C. and Reynolds, B., 1992. Modelling hydrological processes and aluminium leaching in an acid soil at Llyn Brianne, Mid-Wales. J. Hydrol., 138, 409-429.
34. Soulsby, C. and Reynolds, B., 1994. The chemistry of throughfall, stemflow and soil water beneath oak woodland and moorland vegetation in upland Wales. Chem. Ecol., 9, 115-134.
35. Stevens, P.A. and Hornung, M., 1988. Nitrate leaching from a felled Sitka spruce plantation in Beddgelert forest, north Wales. Soil Use Manage., 4, 3-9.
36. Stevens, P.A. and Hornung, M., 1990. Effect of harvest intensity and ground flora re-establishment on inorganic-N leaching from a Sitka spruce plantation in north Wales, UK. Biogeochemistry, 10, 53-65.
37. Stevens, P.A. and Reynolds, B., 1993. A Review of the Water Quality Implications of Conifer Harvesting in the UK. 1. Literature Review and Recommendations for Research. R&D Note 156, Environment Agency. Bristol, UK. 57pp.
38. Stevens, P.A., Norris, D.A., Sparks, T.H. and Hodgson, A.L., 1994. The impacts of atmospheric N inputs on throughfall, soil and stream water interactions for different aged forest and moorland catchments in Wales. Water Air Soil Pollut., 73, 297-317.
39. Stevens, P.A., Reynolds, B. and Neal, C., 2001. Trends in stream chemistry in upland catchments in Wales and effects of forest management. In: Detecting Environmental Change: Science and Society. 17-20 July 2001, Abstracts of papers, London, UK, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Merlewood, 161-162.
40. Timmis, T., 1994. Bradford Plan Continuous Cover Forestry: Development, History and Status Quo. Quart. J Forestry, 88, 188.
41. Weathers, K.C., Lovett, G.M., Likens, G.E. and Lathrop, R., 2000. The effect of landscape features on deposition to Hunter Mountain, Catskill Mountains, New York, Ecol. Appl., 10, 528-540.
42. Williams, D.L., Emmett, B.A., Brittain, S.A., Pugh, B., Hughes, S., Norris, D., Meadows, K., Richardson, C. and Bell, S., 2000. Influence of Forest Type, Structure and Management on Nitrate Leaching. Report to National Power / Powergen / Eastern Power Joint Environmental Programme, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bangor, UK. 56pp.
43. Wright, R.F. and Rasmussen, L., (Eds.) 1998. The Whole Ecosystem Experiments of the NITREX and EXMAN Projects. Forest Ecol. Manage., 101, 1-363.