Chronic kidney disease progression in native and transplant kidneys

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 607-611

  Woo, Y Mun ^a   Pereira, Brian J G ^b   Gill, John S ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Chronic kidney disease; Glomerular filtration rate; Transplant

Indexed keywords

ERYTHROPOIETIN; FLUINDOSTATIN;

ALLOGRAFT; ANEMIA; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE COURSE; DYSLIPIDEMIA; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; GRAFT SURVIVAL; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; KIDNEY FUNCTION; KIDNEY GRAFT; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PROTEINURIA; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR;

DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; KIDNEY; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; TRANSPLANTS;

EID: 8644272270     PISSN: 10624821     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00041552-200411000-00005     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: evaluation, classification and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 39(suppl 1):S1-S266.
2. Gill J, Mix C, Pereira BJG. Glomerular filtration rate and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in transplant recipients [abstract]. Am J Transplant 2002, 2(suppl 3):417.
3. Levey A, Greene T, Kusek J, Beck G. A simplified equation to predict glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine [abstract]. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11:155A.
4. Gill JS, Tonelli M, Mix CH, Pereira BJ. The change in allograft function among long-term kidney transplant recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14:1636-1642. This report describes the annualized change in glomerular filtration in over 40 000 transplant recipients in the USA between 1987 and 1996, and highlights unique aspects regarding the progression of kidney disease in the transplant population.
5. Gourishankar S, Hunsicker LG, Jhangri GS, et al. The stability of the glomerular filtration rate after renal transplantation is improving. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14:2387-2394. The authors confirm the slow rate of allograft decline in transplant recipients.
6. Hunsicker LG, Adler S, Caggiula A, et al. Predictors of the progression of renal disease in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Kidney Int 1997; 51:1908-1919.
7. Massy ZA, Khoa TN, Lacour B, et al. Dyslipidaemia and the progression of renal disease in chronic renal failure patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999; 14:2392-2397.
8. Rekola S, Bergstrand A, Bucht H. Deterioration of GFR in IgA nephropathy as measured by 51Cr-EDTA clearance. Kidney Int 1991; 40:1050-1054.
9. Krop JS, Coresh J, Chambless LE, et al. A community-based study of explanatory factors for the excess risk for early renal function decline in blacks vs whites with diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159:1777-1783.
10. Ruggenenti P, Gambara V, Perna A, et al. The nephropathy of non-insulin-dependent diabetes: predictors of outcome relative to diverse patterns of renal injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998; 9:2336-2343.
11. Djamali A, Kendziorski C, Brazy PC, Becker BN. Disease progression and outcomes in chronic kidney disease and renal transplantation. Kidney Int 2003; 64:1800-1807. This is a unique and important study that compared the rate of kidney function decline in transplant recipients and patients with native kidney disease. Although transplant recipients have a slower rate of kidney function decline, they have a higher mortality.
12. Karthikeyan V, Karpinski J, Nair RC, Knoll G. The burden of chronic kidney disease in renal transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2004; 4:262-269. This important study documents the prevalence and treatment of CKD related complications in the transplant setting.
13. Anonymous. Mycophenolate mofetil in cadaveric renal transplantation. US Renal Transplant Mycophenolate Mofetil Study Group. Am J Kidney Dis 1999; 34:296-303.
14. Flechner SM, Goldfarb D, Modlin C, et al. Kidney transplantation without calcineurin inhibitor drugs: a prospective, randomized trial of sirolimus versus cyclosporine. Transplantation 2002; 74:1070-1076.
15. Nankivell BJ, Borrows RJ, Fung CL, et al. The natural history of chronic allograft nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:2326-2333. This landmark study describes the natural history of chronic allograft nephropathy.
16. Prommool S, Jhangri GS, Cockfield SM, Hallqran PF. Time dependency of factors affecting renal allograft survival. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11:565-573.
17. Meier-Kriesche HU, Schold JD, Srinivas TR, Kaplan B. Lack of improvement in renal allograft survival despite a marked decrease in acute rejection rates over the most recent era. Am J Transplant 2004; 4:378-383. In this important study the stagnation of allograft survival despite significant reduction in acute rejection is documented.
18. Kasiske BL, Vazquez MA, Harmon WE, et al. Recommendations for the outpatient surveillance of renal transplant recipients. American Society of Transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11 (suppl 15):S1-S86.
19. EBPG Expert Group on Renal Transplantation. European best practice guidelines for renal transplantation. Section IV: long-term management of the transplant recipient. IV.5.2. Cardiovascular risks. Arterial hypertension. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17(suppl 4):25-26.
20. Kasiske BL, Anjum S, Shah R, et al. Hypertension after kidney transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 43:1071-1081. This important study describes the association of hypertension with graft survival independent of allograft function.
21. Mange KC, Feldman HI, Joffe MM, et al. Blood pressure and the survival of renal allografts from living donors. Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15:187-193. This rigorous analysis demonstrates the association of hypertension with graft survival in live donor recipients. The authors also demonstrate the curvilinear association of blood pressure with graft survival, suggesting that blood pressure targets in the transplant setting may differ from those in native kidney disease.
22. Fernandez-Fresnedo G, Plaza JJ, Sanchez-Plumed J, et al. Proteinuria: a new marker of long-term graft and patient survival in kidney transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19 (suppl 3):III47-III51. The association of proteinuria with graft and patient survival is described in this current observational study.
23. Lin J, Valeri AM, Markowitz GS, et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in chronic allograft nephropathy. Transplantation 2002; 73:783-788.
24. Inigo P, Campistol JM, Saracho R, et al. Renoprotective effects of losartan in renal transplant recipients. Results of a retrospective study. Nephron Clin Pract 2003; 95:c84-c90. In this retrospective single center study, losartan was found to decrease blood pressure and proteinuria safely.
25. Campistol JM, Inigo P, Jimenez W, et al. Losartan decreases plasma levels of TGF-beta1 in transplant patients with chronic allograft nephropathy. Kidney Int 1999; 56:714-719.
26. Cuhaci B, Kumar MS, Bloom RD, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta levels in human allograft chronic fibrosis correlate with rate of decline in renal function. Transplantation 1999; 68:785-790.
27. Noris M, Mister M, Pezzotta A, et al. ACE inhibition limits chronic injury of kidney transplant even with treatment started when lesions are established. Kidney Int 2003; 64:2253-2261. In a Fisher 344 to Lewis rat model, animals with established chronic injury had improvement in clinical, pathologic, and immune outcomes when treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.
28. Tonelli M, Moye L, Sacks FM, et al. Effect of pravastatin on loss of renal function in people with moderate chronic renal insufficiency and cardiovascular disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14:1605-1613. This report raises the possibility that treatment of dyslipidemia with statins may slow progression of native kidney disease.
29. Holdaas H, Fellstrom B, Jardine AG, et al. Effect of fluvastatin on cardiac outcomes in renal transplant recipients: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361:2024-2031. This is one of the few prospective studies to target a CKD related complication in transplantation. Although cardiac deaths and nonfatal myocardial infarction appeared to be reduced, fluvastatin did not reduce rates of coronary intervention procedures or mortality.
30. Markell M. New-onset diabetes mellitus in transplant patients: pathogenesis, complications, and management. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 43:953-965. A current and comprehensive review of this important post-transplant complication is reported.
31. Kasiske BL, Snyder JJ, Gilbertson D, Matas AJ. Diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation in the United States. Am J Transplant 2003; 3:178-185. This report documents the prevalence and consequences of new onset diabetes in a large population of transplant recipients in the USA.
32. Davidson J, Wilkinson A, Dantal J, et al. New-onset diabetes after transplantation: 2003 International consensus guidelines. Proceedings of an international expert panel meeting. Barcelona, Spain, 19 February 2003. Transplantation 2003; 75 (suppl):SS3-SS24. Guidelines reflecting current opinion on the diagnosis and treatment of this complication are reported.
33. Winkelmayer WC, Kewalramani R, Rutstein M, et al. Pharmacoepidemiology of anemia in kidney transplant recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15:1347-1352.
34. Mix TC, Kazmi W, Khan S, et al. Anemia: a continuing problem following kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2003; 3:1426-1433.
35. Vanrenterghem Y, Ponticelli C, Morales JM, et al. Prevalence and management of anemia in renal transplant recipients: a European survey. Am J Transplant 2003; 3:835-845.
36. Rigatto C, Foley R, Jeffery J, et al. Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in renal transplant recipients: prognostic value and impact of blood pressure and anemia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14:462-468. This rigorous retrospective study demonstrated the association of anemia with left ventricular hypertrophy.
37. Rigatto C, Parfrey P, Foley R, et al. Congestive heart failure in renal transplant recipients: risk factors, outcomes, and relationship with ischemic heart disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13:1084-1090.
38. Becker BN, Becker YT, Leverson GE, Heisey DM. Erythropoietin therapy may retard progression in chronic renal transplant dysfunction. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17:1667-1673.
39. Fishbane S, Ragolia L, Palaia T, et al. Cytoprotection by darbepoetin/epoetin alfa in pig tubular and mouse mesangial cells. Kidney Int 2004; 65:452-458. This important study suggests a cytoprotective role for erythropoietin in the kidney.
40. Vanrenterghem Y, Vanwalleghem J. Benefits and concerns of treating predialysis and renal transplant patients with recombinant human erythropoietin. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13 (suppl 2):13-15.
41. Gafter U, Kalechman Y, Orlin JB, et al. Anemia of uremia is associated with reduced in vitro cytokine secretion: immunopotentiating activity of red blood cells. Kidney Int 1994; 45:224-231.
42. Huraib S, Abu-Aisha H, al-Momen A, et al. Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on lymphocyte phenotyping and phagocyte activity in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1997; 29:866-870.