Differentiating emotional disturbance from social maladjustment: Assessing psychopathy in aggressive youth

Psychology in the Schools

Volumn 41, Issue 8, 2004, Pages 849-860

  Gacono, Carl B ^a   Hughes, Tammy L ^b  

^a Duquesne University ^*  (United States)

^b DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 8644260774     PISSN: 00333085     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pits.20041     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Achenbach, T. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
4. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.-text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
5. August, G., Stewart, M., & Holmes, C. (1983). A four-year follow-up of hyperactive boys with and without conduct disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 192-198.
6. Bannatyne, L.A., Gacono, C.B., & Greene, R.L. (1999). Differential patterns of responding among three groups of chronic, psychotic, forensic outpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55(12), 1553-1565.
7. Bodholdt, R., Richards, H., & Gacono, C. (2000). Assessing psychopathy in adults: The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and Screening Version. In C. Gacono (Ed.), The clinical and forensic assessment of psychopathy: A practitioner's guide (pp. 55-86). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
8. Brandt, J., Kennedy, W., Patrick, C., & Curtin, J. (1997). Assessment of psychopathy in a population of incarcerated adolescent offenders. Psychological Assessment. 9, 429-435.
9. Caspi, A., Block, J., Block, J., Klopp, B., Lynam, D., Moffitt, T., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1992). A common language version of the California Child Q-Set (CCQ) for personality assessment. Psychological Assessment, 4, 512-523.
10. Cleckley, H. (1976). The mask of sanity (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
11. Delamater, A., & Lahey, B. (1983). Physiological correlates of conduct problems and anxiety in hyperactive learning-disabled children. Journal of Abnormal Clinical Psychology, 11, 85-100.
12. Edens, J., Skeem, J., Cruise, K., & Cauffman, E. (2001). Assessment of "juvenile psychopathy" and its association with violence: A critical review. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 19, 53-80.
13. Faraone, S., Biederman, J., Keenan, K., & Tsuang, M. (1991). Separation of DSM-III attention deficit disorder and conduct disorder: Evidence from a family-genetic study of American child psychiatric patients. Psychological Medicine, 21. 109-121.
14. Farrington, D., Loeber, R., & Van Kämmen, W. (1990). Long-term criminal outcomes of hyperactivity-impulsivity-attention deficit and conduct problems in childhood. In L. Robins & M. Rutter (Eds.), Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood (pp. 62-81). Cambridge University Press.
15. Fergusson, D., Horwood, L., & Lynskey, M. (1994). Structure of the DSM-III-R criteria for disruptive childhood behaviors: Confirmatory factor models. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 1145-1157.
16. Fisher, L. & Blair, R. (1998). Cognitive impairment and its relationships to psychopathic tendencies in children with emotional and behavioral difficulties. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 511-520
17. Forth, A. (1995). Psychopathy and young offenders: Prevalence, family background, and violence. Canada: Ministry of the Solicitor General of Canada.
18. Forth, A., & Burke, H. (1998). Psychopathy in adolescence: Assessment, violence, and developmental precursors. In D. Cooke, A. Forth. & R. Hare (Eds.), Psychopathy: Theory, research, and implications for society (pp. 205-230). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer.
19. Forth, A., Hart, S., & Hare, R. (1990). Assessment of psychopathy in male young offenders. Psychological Assessment, 2, 342-344.
20. Forth, A., Kosson, D., & Hare, R. (in press). The Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version manual. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
21. Forth, A., & Mailloux, D. (2000). Psychopathy in youth: What do we know? In C. Gacono (Ed.), The clinical and forensic assessment of psychopathy: A practitioner's guide (pp. 25-54). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
22. Frick, P., Barry, C., & Bodin, S. (2000). Applying the concept of psychopathy to children: Implications for the assessment of antisocial youth. In C. Gacono (Ed.), The clinical and forensic assessment of psychopathy: A practitioner's guide, (pp. 3-24). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
23. Frick, P., O'Brien, B., Wootton, J., & McBurnett, K. (1994). Psychopathy and conduct problems in children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 700-707.
24. Frick, P.J., & Hare, R.D. (2001). The antisocial process screening device. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
25. Gacono, C. (1998). The use of the psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) and Rorschach in treatment planning with antisocial personality disordered patients. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 42(1), 49-64.
26. Gacono, C. (Ed.). (2000a). The clinical and forensic assessment of psychopathy: A practitioner's guide. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
27. Gacono, C. (2000b). Suggestions for the implementation and use of the Psychopathy Checklists in forensic and clinical practice. In C. Gacono (Ed.), The clinical and forensic assessment of psychopathy: A practitioner's guide (pp. 175-201). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
28. Gacono. C. (2000c). PCL-R Clinical and Forensic Interview Schedule. In C. Gacono (Ed.), The clinical and forensic assessment of psychopathy: A practitioner's guide (pp. 409-421). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
29. Gacono, C. (2000d). Epilogue. In C. Gacono (Ed.), The clinical and forensic assessment of psychopathy: A practitioner's guide (pp. 405-407). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
30. Gacono, C. (2002a). Introduction to a special series: The role of psychological assessment with offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 46(3), 274-280.
31. Gacono, C. (2002b). Introduction to a special series: The role of forensic psychodiagnostic testing. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 2(3), 1-10.
32. Gacono, C., & Bodholdt, R. (2001). The role of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) in violence risk and threat assessment. Journal of Threat Assessment, 1(4), 65-79.
33. Gacono, C., & Bodholdt, R. (2002). Assessing dangerous and violent individuals. In R. Ballesteros (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychological assessment. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
34. Gacono, C., Evans, B., & Viglione, D. (2002). The Rorschach in forensic practice. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 2(3), 33-53.
35. Gacono, C., Loving, J., & Bodholdt, R. (2001). The Rorschach and psychopathy: Toward a more accurate understanding of the research findings. Journal of Personality Assessment, 77(1), 16-38.
36. Gacono, C., Loving, J., Evans, B., & Jumes, M. (2002) The Psychopathy checklist-Revised: PCL-R testimony and forensic practice. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 2(3), 11-32.
37. Gacono, C., & Meloy, J.R. (1994). The Rorschach assessment of aggressive and psychopathic personalities. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
38. Gacono, C., Meloy, J.R., Sheppard, K., Speth, E., & Roske, A. (1995). A clinical investigation of malingering and psychopathy in hospitalized insanity acquittees. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 23(3), 1-11.
39. Gacono, C., Meloy, J.R., Speth, E., & Roske, A. (1997). Above the law: Escapees from a maximum-security forensic hospital. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 23(3), 547-550.
40. Gacono, C., Nieberding, R., Owen, A., Rubel, J., & Bodholdt, R. (2001). Treating juvenile and adult offenders with conduct disorder, antisocial, and psychopathic personalities. In J. Ashford, B. Sales, & W. Reid (Eds.), Treating clients with special needs (pp. 99-129). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
41. Grann, M., Langstrom, N., Tengstrom, A., & Stalenheim, E. (1998). Reliability of file-based retrospective ratings of psychopathy with the PCL-R. Journal of Personality Assessment, 70(3), 416-426.
42. Gretton, H. (1998). Psychopathy and recidivism in adolescence: A ten-year retrospective follow-up. Dissertation Abstracts International, 59(12), 12B.
43. Gretton, H., McBride, M., Hare, R., O'Shaughnessy, R., & Kumka, G. (2001). Psychopathy and recidivism in adolescent sex offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 28(4), 427-449.
44. Grisso, T. (1998). Forensic evaluation of juveniles. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.
45. Hare, R. (1980). A research scale for the assessment of psychopathy in criminal populations. Personality and Individual Differences, 1, 111-119.
46. Hare, R. (1991). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
47. Hare. R. (1999). Without conscience: The disturbing world of psychopaths among us. New York: The Guildford Press.
48. Hare, R. (2003). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (2nd ed.). Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
49. Hare, R., Forth, A., & Strachan, K. (1992). Psychopathy and crime across the life span. In R. Peters, R. McMahon, & V. Quinsey (Eds.), Aggression and violence across the life span (pp. 285-300). Newbury Park. CA: Sage.
50. Harpur, T., & Hare, R. (1994). Assessment of psychopathy as a function of age. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(4), 604-609.
51. Harpur, T., Hare, R., & Hakstian, A. (1989). Two-factor conceptualization of psychopathy: Construct validity and assessment implications. Psychological Assessment, 1, 6-17.
52. Harris, G., Rice, M., & Quinsey, V. (1994). Psychopathy as a taxon: Evidence that psychopaths are a discrete class. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 387-397.
53. Hart, S. (1998). Psychopathy and risk for violence. In D. Cooke, A. Forth, & R. Hare (Eds.), Psychopathy: Theory, research, and implications for society (pp. 355-373). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer.
54. Hart, S., Cox, D., & Hare, R. (1995). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Screening version. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
55. Heilbrun, K., Hart, S., Hare, R., Gustafson, D., Nunez, C., & White, A. (1998). Inpatient and post-discharge aggression in mentally disordered offenders: The role of psychopathy. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13, 514-527.
56. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C.A. § 1401 et seq. (IDEA 1997).
57. Lahey, B., Piacentini, J., McBurnett, K., Stone, P., Hartdagen, S., & Hynd, G. (1987). Psychopathology in the parents of children with conduct disorder and hyperactivity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 163-170.
58. Loeber, R., Brinthaupt, V., & Green, S. (1990). Attention deficits, impulsivity, and hyperactivity with or without conduct problems: Relationships to delinquency and unique contextual factors. In R. McMahon & R. Peters (Eds.), Behavior disorders of adolescence: Research, intervention, and policy in clinical and school settings (pp. 39-61). New York: Plenum Press.
59. Loeber, R., & Hay, D. (1997). Key issues in the development of aggression and violence from early childhood to early adulthood. Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 371-411.
60. Loving, J., & Gacono, C. (2002). Assessing psychopathy in juveniles: Clinical and forensic applications. In N. Ribner (Ed.), Handbook of juvenile forensic psychology (pp. 292-317). New York: Wiley.
61. Loving, J., Lipkin, N., Patapis, N., & Russell, W. (2001, March). Assessing psychopathy in girls: Conceptual issues and preliminary PCL: YV findings. Paper presented at the annual mid-winter meeting of the Society for Personality Assessment, Philadelphia, PA.
62. Lynam, D. (1996). The early identification of chronic offenders: Who is the fledgling psychopath? Psychological Bulletin. 120, 209-234.
63. Lynam, D. (1997). Pursuing the psychopath: Capturing the fledgling psychopath in a nomological net. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 425-438.
64. Lynam, D. (1998). Early identification of the fledgling psychopath: Locating the psychopathic child in the current nomenclature. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107(4), 566-575.
65. McBurnett, K., Lahey, B., Frick, P., Risch, S., Loeber, R., Hart, E., Christ, M., & Hanson, K. (1991). Anxiety, inhibition, and conduct disorder in children: II. Relation to salivary cortisol. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 192-196.
66. Moffitt, T. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100, 674-701.
67. Monahan, J., Steadman, H., Silver, E., Appelbaum, P., Robbins, P., Mulvey, E., Roth, L., Grisso, T., & Banks, S. (2001). Rethinking risk assessment: The MacArthur study of mental disorder and violence. New York: Oxford.
68. Ogloff, J., Wong, S., & Greenwood, A. (1990). Treating criminal psychopaths in a therapeutic community program. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 8, 81-90.
69. Pelham, W., Milich, R., Cummings, M., Murphy, D., Schaughnecy, E., & Greiner, A. (1991). Effects of background anger, provocation, and methylphenidate on emotional arousal and aggressive-responding in attention-deficit hyperactivity disordered boys with and without concurrent aggressiveness. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19, 407-426.
70. Quay, H. (1987). Patterns of delinquent behavior. In H. Quay (Ed.), Handbook of juvenile delinquency (pp. 118-138). New York: Wiley.
71. Quay, H., & Love, C. (1977). The effect of a juvenile diversion program on rearrests. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 4, 377-396.
72. Quinsey, V., Rice, M., Harris, G., & Cormier, C. (1998). Violent offenders: Appraising and managing risk. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
73. Rice, M., Harris, G., & Cormier, C. (1992). An evaluation of a maximum security therapeutic community for psychopaths and other mentally disordered offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 16, 399-412.
74. Robins, L. (1966). Deviant children grow up. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
75. Rogers, R., Duncan, J., Lynett, E., & Sewell, K. (1994). Prototypical analysis of antisocial personality disorder. Law and Human Behavior, 18, 471-484.
76. Rogers, R., Johansen, J., Chang, J., & Salekin, R. (1997). Predictors of adolescent psychopathy: Oppositional and conduct-disordered symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 25(3), 261-271.
77. Rutter, M., Giller, H., & Hagell, A. (1998). Antisocial behavior by young people. New York: Cambridge Press.
78. Samenow, S.E. (1998). Before it's too late. New York: Times Books.
79. Sherman, C. (2002). Brain changes appear early in ADHD children. Clinical Psychiatry News, 28, 15.
80. Sheruda, M., Loving, J., & Russell, W. (2001, August). Assessment of adolescent psychopathy: Cross-validation and implications for the PCL: YV. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.
81. Smith, A., Gacono, C., & Kaufman, L. (1997). A Rorschach comparison of psychopathic and nonpsychopathic conduct disordered adolescents. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 53(4), 1-12.
82. Walker, J., Lahey, B., Hynd, G., & Frame, C. (1987). Comparison of specific patterns of antisocial behavior in children with conduct disorder with or without coexisting hyperactivity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 910-913.
83. Walker, J., Lahey, B., Russo, M., Prick, P., Christ, M., McBurnett, K., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Green, S. (1991). Anxiety, inhibition, and conduct disorder in children I: Relations to social impairment. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 187-191.
84. Whalen, J. (1999). Reliability and validity of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) in predicting behavior of adjudicated adolescents in an institutional setting. Dissertation Abstracts International, 60, 6B.
85. Wong, S. (1988). Is Hare's Psychopathy Checklist reliable without in interview? Psychological Reports, 62, 931-934.
86. Young, M., Justice, J., Erdberg, P., & Gacono, C. (2000). the incarcerated psychopath in psychiatric treatment: Management or treatment? In C.B. Gacono (Ed.), The clinical and forensic assessment of psychopathy: A practitioner's guide. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.