Widowhood and depressive symptoms among older Chinese: Do gender and source of support make a difference?

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 60, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 637-647

  Li, Lydia ^a   Liang, Jersey ^a   Toler, Amanda ^a   Gu, Shengzu ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b WUHAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Bereavement; China; Intergenerational relations; Older adults; Social support; Spousal support

Indexed keywords

ELDERLY POPULATION; HEALTH IMPACT; MENTAL HEALTH; SOCIAL STRUCTURE;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; BEREAVEMENT; CHINESE; CULTURAL FACTOR; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FRIEND; HUMAN; MALE; MARRIAGE; MENTAL HEALTH; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; PROBABILITY; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SPOUSE; WIDOW;

ASIA; CHINA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; FAR EAST; WORLD;

EID: 8644234052     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.014     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. L. Aiken, and S. West Multiple regression Testing and interpreting interactions 1991 Sage Thousand Oaks, CA
2. T. Antonucci, and J. Jackson The role of reciprocity in social support I.G. Sarason G.R. Pierce Social support 1990 Wiley New York 173 198
3. E.A. Bankoff Social support and adaptation to widowhood Journal of Marriage and Family 45 4 1983 827 839
4. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3, loss sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books.
5. D. Carr, J. House, R.C. Kessler, R.M. Nesse, J. Sonnega, and C. Wortman Marital quality and psychological adjustment to widowhood among older adults A longitudinal analysis Journal of Gerontology 55b 4 2000 S197 S207
6. X. Chen, and M. Silverstein Intergenerational social support and the psychological well-being of older parents in China Research on Aging 22 1 2000 43 65
7. K. Chou, and I. Chi Stressful events and depressive symptoms among old women and men a longitudinal study International Journal of Aging and Human Development 51 4 2000 275 293
8. N. Chow Does filial piety exist under Chinese communism? Journal of Aging And Social Policy 3 1991 209 225
9. S. Cohen, and T. Wills Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis Psychological Bulletin 98 2 1985 310 357
10. S. Crohan, and T. Antonucci Friends as a source of social support in old age R. Adams R. Blieszner Older adult friendship 1989 Sage Newbury Park, CA 129 146
11. A. Dean, B. Kolody, and P. Wood Effects of social support from various sources on depression in elderly persons Journal of Health and Social Behavior 31 2 1990 148 161
12. C.C. Dunham A link between generations intergenerational relations and depression in aging parents Journal of Family Issues 16 4 1995 450 465
13. S. Feld, and L. George Moderating effects of prior resources on the hospitalizations of elders who become widowed Journal of Aging and Health 6 3 1994 275 295
14. E.L. Goldberg, G.W. Comstock, and S.D. Harlow Emotional problems and widowhood Journal of Gerontology 43 1988 5206 5208
15. S. Gu, and J. Guo A comprehensive study of the urban elderly 1989 Wuhan University Press Wuhan, China
16. S. Gu, and J. Liang Old age support in China Almanac of China's Population 1994 (in Chinese) 1994 Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Population Research Institute Beijing, China 118 125
17. S. Gu, and J. Liang China population aging and old age support V. Bengtson K. Kim G. Myers K. Eun Aging in east and west families, states, and the elderly 2000 Springer New York
18. S. Gu, and B. Wang International comparison of the health and social life of the elderly 1989 Wuhan University Press Wuhan, China
19. J. House Work stress and social support 1981 Addison-Wesley Reading, MA
20. W. Hsiao, and Y. Liu Economic reform and health lessons from China New England Journal of Medicine 335 1996 430 432
21. Kinsella, K., Velkoff, V. (2001). An Aging World: 2001. US Census Bureau, Series P95/01-1. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office.
22. N. Krause Social support, stress, and well-being among older adults Journal of Gerontology 41 1986 512 519
23. N. Krause, and J. Liang Stress, social support, and psychological distress among the Chinese elderly Journal of Gerontology 48 6 1993 P282 P291
24. G.R. Lee, A. Demaris, S. Bavin, and R. Sullivan Gender differences in the depressive effect of widowhood in later life Journal of Gerontology 56b 1 2001 S56 S61
25. G.R. Lee, J.K. Netzer, and R.T. Coward Depression among older parents the role of intergenerational exchange Journal of Marriage and the Family 57 1995 823 833
26. J. Leung Family support for the elderly in China Issues and challenges Journal of Aging and Social Policy 9 3 1997 87 101
27. J. Liang, S. Gu, and N. Krause Social support among aged in Wuhan China Asia-Pacific Population Journal 7 3 1992 33 62
28. M. Lieberman Social supports - the consequences of psychologizing A commentary Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 54 4 1986 461 465
29. N. Lin, M.W. Woelfel, and S.C. Light The buffering effect of social support subsequent to an important life event Journal of Health and Social Behavior 26 1985 247 263
30. J. Logan, F. Bian, and Y. Bian Tradition and change in the urban Chinese family the case of living arrangements Social Forces 76 1998 851
31. Lopata, H. (Ed.). (1987). Widows: Vol. 1, middle east, Asia, and the Pacific. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
32. D. Lund, M. Caserta, and M. Dimond The course of spousal bereavement in later life M.S. Stroebe W. Stroebe R. Hansson Handbook of bereavement theory, research, and intervention 1993 Cambridge University Press New York 240 254
33. G. Matt, and A. Dean Social support from friends and psychological distress among elderly persons moderating effects of age Journal of Health and Social Behavior 34 1993 187 200
34. C.F. Mendes de Leon, S.V. Kasl, and S. Jacobs A prospective study of widowhood and changes in symptoms of depression in a community sample of the elderly Psychological Medicine 24 1994 613 624
35. A. Mui, D. Burnett, and L. Chen Cross-cultural assessment of geriatric depression a review of the CES-D and the GDS Journal of Mental Health and Aging 7 1 2001 137 164
36. F. Norris, and S. Murrell Social support, life events and stress as modifiers of adjustment to bereavement by older adults Psychology And Aging 5 3 1990 429 436
37. M. Owen A world of widows 1996 Zeb Books London
38. C.M. Parkes Bereavement British Journal of Psychiatry 146 1985 11 17
39. L.S. Radloff The CES-D Scale a self-report depression scale for research in the general population Applied Psychological Measurement 1 1977 385 401
40. M. Silverstein, and V.L. Bengtson Do close parent-child relations reduce the mortality risk of older parents? Journal of Health and Social Behavior 32 1991 382 395
41. M. Silverstein, and V.L. Bengtson Does intergenerational social support influence the psychological well-being of older parents? The contingencies of declining health and widowhood Social Science and Medicine 38 7 1994 943 957
42. M. Silverstein, X. Chen, and K. Heller Too much of a good thing? Intergenerational social support and the psychological well-being of older parents Journal of Marriage and the Family 58 1996 970 982
43. M. Stroebe, R. Hansson, and W. Stroebe Contemporary themes and controversies in bereavement research M. Stroebe W. Stroebe R. Hansson Handbook of Bereavement 1993 Cambridge University Press New York 457 475
44. W. Stroebe, M. Stroebe, G. Abakoumkin, and H. Schut The role of loneliness and social support in adjustment to loss a test of attachment vs. stress theory Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70 6 1996 1241 1249
45. S. Stylianos, and M. Vachon The role of social support in bereavement M. Stroebe W. Stroebe R. Hansson Handbook of Bereavement Theory, Research, and Intervention 1993 Cambridge University Press New York 397 410
46. P. Thoits Conceptual methodological and theoretical problems in studying social support as a buffer against life stress Journal of Health and Social Behavior 23 1982 145 159
47. D. Umberson, C.B. Wortman, and R.C. Kessler Widowhood and depression explaining long-term gender differences in vulnerability Journal of Health and Social Behavior 33 1992 10 24
48. US Bureau of the Census. (2004). International Data Base. Accessed on March 11, 2004, from http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbnew.html
49. B. Van Baarsen Theories on coping with loss the impact of social support and self-esteem on adjustment to emotional and social loneliness following a partner's death in later life Journal of Gerontology Social Sciences 57b 1 2002 S33 42
50. R.S. Weiss Loneliness the experience of emotional and social isolation 1975 MIT Press Cambridge, MA
51. S. Zisook Diagnostic and treatment considerations in depression associated with late life bereavement L.S. Schneider C.F. Reynolds B.D. Lebowitz A.J. Friedhoff Diagnosis and treatment of depression in late life results of the NIH Consensus Development Conference 1994 American Psychiatric Press Washington, DC 419 436