메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 141-147

Hospital-acquired pneumonia in the non-ICU medical patient

Author keywords

Bacterial colonization; Nosocomial infections; Pneumonia

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RISK; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

EID: 8544262182     PISSN: 10693424     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1009341     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (1)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 0030048691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in infectious disease mortality in the United States
    • Pinner RW, Teutsch SM, Simonsen L, et al. Trends in infectious disease mortality in the United States. JAMA 1996; 275(3): 189-93
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , Issue.3 , pp. 189-193
    • Pinner, R.W.1    Teutsch, S.M.2    Simonsen, L.3
  • 2
    • 0019480347 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial infections in U.S. hospitals, 1975-76
    • Haley RW, Hooton TM, Culver DH, et al. Nosocomial infections in U.S. hospitals, 1975-76. Am J Med 1981;70:947-59
    • (1981) Am J Med , vol.70 , pp. 947-959
    • Haley, R.W.1    Hooton, T.M.2    Culver, D.H.3
  • 3
    • 0021992377 scopus 로고
    • The nationwide nosocomial infection rate - A new need for vital statistics
    • Haley RW, Culver DH, White JW, Morgan WM, Emori TG. The nationwide nosocomial infection rate - A new need for vital statistics. Am J Epidemiol 1985;121(2):159-67
    • (1985) Am J Epidemiol , vol.121 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-167
    • Haley, R.W.1    Culver, D.H.2    White, J.W.3    Morgan, W.M.4    Emori, T.G.5
  • 4
    • 2542582164 scopus 로고
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) Semiannual Report, May 1995
    • National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) Semiannual Report, May 1995. Am J Infect Control 1995;23:377-85
    • (1995) Am J Infect Control , vol.23 , pp. 377-385
  • 8
    • 0027199030 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in the elderly patient: Chronic care facility and hospital considerations
    • Niederman MS. Nosocomial pneumonia in the elderly patient: Chronic care facility and hospital considerations. Clin Chest Med 1993;14(3):479-90
    • (1993) Clin Chest Med , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 479-490
    • Niederman, M.S.1
  • 9
    • 0026480224 scopus 로고
    • A retrospective study of nosocomial pneumonia at a long-term care facility
    • McDonald AM, Dietsche L, Litsche M, et al. A retrospective study of nosocomial pneumonia at a long-term care facility. Am J Infect Control 1992;20(5):234-8
    • (1992) Am J Infect Control , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 234-238
    • McDonald, A.M.1    Dietsche, L.2    Litsche, M.3
  • 11
    • 0029001565 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of increased hospital stay due to nosocomial infections in surgical patients: Comparison of matched groups
    • Erbaydar S, Akgun A, Eksik A, Erbaydar T, Bilge O, Bulut A. Estimation of increased hospital stay due to nosocomial infections in surgical patients: comparison of matched groups. J Hospital Infect 1995;30:149-54
    • (1995) J Hospital Infect , vol.30 , pp. 149-154
    • Erbaydar, S.1    Akgun, A.2    Eksik, A.3    Erbaydar, T.4    Bilge, O.5    Bulut, A.6
  • 12
    • 0018676891 scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of nosocomial infection
    • Freeman J, Rosner BA, McGowan JE. Adverse effects of nosocomial infection. J Infect Dis 1979;140(5):732-40
    • (1979) J Infect Dis , vol.140 , Issue.5 , pp. 732-740
    • Freeman, J.1    Rosner, B.A.2    McGowan, J.E.3
  • 13
    • 0024402553 scopus 로고
    • Hospital-acquired pneumonia: Attributable mortality and morbidity
    • Leu HS, Kaiser DL, Mori M, Woolson RF, Wenzel RP. Hospital-acquired pneumonia: Attributable mortality and morbidity. Am J Epidemiol 1989;129(6):1258-67
    • (1989) Am J Epidemiol , vol.129 , Issue.6 , pp. 1258-1267
    • Leu, H.S.1    Kaiser, D.L.2    Mori, M.3    Woolson, R.F.4    Wenzel, R.P.5
  • 14
    • 0024535036 scopus 로고
    • Hospital-acquired pneumonia: Overview of the current state of the art for prevention and control
    • Wenzel RP. Hospital-acquired pneumonia: Overview of the current state of the art for prevention and control. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1989;8(1):56-60
    • (1989) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 56-60
    • Wenzel, R.P.1
  • 15
    • 0023601701 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia
    • Toews GB. Nosocomial pneumonia. Clin Chest Med 1987;8 (3):467-79
    • (1987) Clin Chest Med , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 467-479
    • Toews, G.B.1
  • 16
    • 0023816015 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial colonization of the tracheobronchial tree
    • Salata RA, Ellner JJ. Bacterial colonization of the tracheobronchial tree. Clin Chest Med 1988;9(4):623-33
    • (1988) Clin Chest Med , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 623-633
    • Salata, R.A.1    Ellner, J.J.2
  • 17
    • 0015429633 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial respiratory infections with gram-negative bacilli: The significance of colonization of the respiratory tract
    • Johanson WG, Pierce AK, Sanford JP, Thomas GD. Nosocomial respiratory infections with gram-negative bacilli: The significance of colonization of the respiratory tract. Ann Intern Med 1972;77:701-6
    • (1972) Ann Intern Med , vol.77 , pp. 701-706
    • Johanson, W.G.1    Pierce, A.K.2    Sanford, J.P.3    Thomas, G.D.4
  • 18
    • 0017872613 scopus 로고
    • Pharyngeal aspiration in normal adults and patients with depressed consciousness
    • Huxley EJ, Viroslav J, Gray WR, Pierce AK. Pharyngeal aspiration in normal adults and patients with depressed consciousness. Am J Med 1978;64:564-8
    • (1978) Am J Med , vol.64 , pp. 564-568
    • Huxley, E.J.1    Viroslav, J.2    Gray, W.R.3    Pierce, A.K.4
  • 19
    • 0018717164 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of inoculum size to lung bacterial clearance and phagocytic cell response in mice
    • Toews GB, Gross GN, Pierce AK. The relationship of inoculum size to lung bacterial clearance and phagocytic cell response in mice. Am Rev Respir Dis 1979;120:559-66
    • (1979) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.120 , pp. 559-566
    • Toews, G.B.1    Gross, G.N.2    Pierce, A.K.3
  • 20
    • 0020574269 scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte-alveolar-macrophage interaction in the pulmonary clearance of Staphylococcus aureus
    • Onofrio JM, Toews GB, Lipscomb MF, Pierce AK. Granulocyte-alveolar-macrophage interaction in the pulmonary clearance of Staphylococcus aureus. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983;127:335-41
    • (1983) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.127 , pp. 335-341
    • Onofrio, J.M.1    Toews, G.B.2    Lipscomb, M.F.3    Pierce, A.K.4
  • 21
    • 0018848608 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to upper respiratory cells in vitro and susceptibility to colonization in vivo
    • Higuchi JH, Johanson WG. The relationship between adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to upper respiratory cells in vitro and susceptibility to colonization in vivo. J Lab Clin Med 1980;95:698-705
    • (1980) J Lab Clin Med , vol.95 , pp. 698-705
    • Higuchi, J.H.1    Johanson, W.G.2
  • 22
    • 0017741091 scopus 로고
    • Lung bacterial clearance in murine pneumococcal pneumonia
    • Ansfield MJ, Woods DE, Johanson WG. Lung bacterial clearance in murine pneumococcal pneumonia. Infect Immun 1977;17(1):195-204
    • (1977) Infect Immun , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 195-204
    • Ansfield, M.J.1    Woods, D.E.2    Johanson, W.G.3
  • 23
    • 0017814832 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of method of administration to respiratory virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae for mice and squirrel monkeys
    • Berendt RF. Relationship of method of administration to respiratory virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae for mice and squirrel monkeys. Infect Immun 1978;20(2):581-3
    • (1978) Infect Immun , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 581-583
    • Berendt, R.F.1
  • 24
    • 0018169206 scopus 로고
    • Control of colonization and transmission of pathogenic bacteria in the hospital
    • Maki DG. Control of colonization and transmission of pathogenic bacteria in the hospital. Ann Intern Med 1978;89 (2):777-80
    • (1978) Ann Intern Med , vol.89 , Issue.2 , pp. 777-780
    • Maki, D.G.1
  • 25
    • 0019412005 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial adherence: Adhesin-receptor interactions mediating the attachment of bacteria to mucosal surfaces
    • Beachey EH. Bacterial adherence: Adhesin-receptor interactions mediating the attachment of bacteria to mucosal surfaces. J Infect Dis 1981;143(3):325-45
    • (1981) J Infect Dis , vol.143 , Issue.3 , pp. 325-345
    • Beachey, E.H.1
  • 26
    • 0017595295 scopus 로고
    • Adherence of Escherichia coli to human mucosal cells mediated by mannose receptors
    • Ofek I, Mirelman D, Sharon N. Adherence of Escherichia coli to human mucosal cells mediated by mannose receptors. Nature 1977;265:623-5
    • (1977) Nature , vol.265 , pp. 623-625
    • Ofek, I.1    Mirelman, D.2    Sharon, N.3
  • 27
    • 0019783169 scopus 로고
    • Role of salivary protease activity in adherence of gram-negative bacilli to mammalian buccal epithelial cells in vivo
    • Woods DE, Straus DC, Johanson WG, Bass JA. Role of salivary protease activity in adherence of gram-negative bacilli to mammalian buccal epithelial cells in vivo. J Clin Invest 1981;68:1435-40
    • (1981) J Clin Invest , vol.68 , pp. 1435-1440
    • Woods, D.E.1    Straus, D.C.2    Johanson, W.G.3    Bass, J.A.4
  • 28
    • 0029398643 scopus 로고
    • Molecular aspects of bacterial colonization
    • Bisno AL. Molecular aspects of bacterial colonization. Infect Control Hospital Epidemiol 1995;16(11):648-57
    • (1995) Infect Control Hospital Epidemiol , vol.16 , Issue.11 , pp. 648-657
    • Bisno, A.L.1
  • 29
    • 0024498065 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial adherence as a mechanism of airway colonization
    • Niederman MS. Bacterial adherence as a mechanism of airway colonization. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1989;8 (1):15-20
    • (1989) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-20
    • Niederman, M.S.1
  • 30
    • 0018872618 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial adherence to epithelial cells in bacillary colonization of the respiratory tract
    • Johanson WG, Higuchi JH, Chaudhuri TR, Woods DE. Bacterial adherence to epithelial cells in bacillary colonization of the respiratory tract. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980;121:55-63
    • (1980) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.121 , pp. 55-63
    • Johanson, W.G.1    Higuchi, J.H.2    Chaudhuri, T.R.3    Woods, D.E.4
  • 31
  • 32
    • 0018946997 scopus 로고
    • Role of pili in adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to mammalian buccal epithelial cells
    • Woods DE, Straus DC, Johanson WG, Berry VK, Bass JA. Role of pili in adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to mammalian buccal epithelial cells. Infect Immun 1980;29:1146-51
    • (1980) Infect Immun , vol.29 , pp. 1146-1151
    • Woods, D.E.1    Straus, D.C.2    Johanson, W.G.3    Berry, V.K.4    Bass, J.A.5
  • 33
    • 0023134149 scopus 로고
    • Increased salivary elastase precedes gram-negative bacillary colonization in postoperative patients
    • Dal Nogare AR, Toews GB, Pierce AK. Increased salivary elastase precedes gram-negative bacillary colonization in postoperative patients. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;135:671-5
    • (1987) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.135 , pp. 671-675
    • Dal Nogare, A.R.1    Toews, G.B.2    Pierce, A.K.3
  • 34
    • 0020609685 scopus 로고
    • Adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to fibronectin-coated and uncnated epithelial cells
    • Abraham SN, Beachey EH, Simpson WA. Adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to fibronectin-coated and uncnated epithelial cells. Infect Immun 1983;41(3):1261-8
    • (1983) Infect Immun , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 1261-1268
    • Abraham, S.N.1    Beachey, E.H.2    Simpson, W.A.3
  • 35
    • 0028031535 scopus 로고
    • Life-threatening pneumonia
    • Gleeson K, Reynolds HY. Life-threatening pneumonia. Clin Chest Med 1994;15(3):581-602
    • (1994) Clin Chest Med , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 581-602
    • Gleeson, K.1    Reynolds, H.Y.2
  • 36
    • 0021352721 scopus 로고
    • Role of pili in the adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to injured tracheal epithelium
    • Ramphal R, Sadoff JC, Pyle M, Silipigni JD. Role of pili in the adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to injured tracheal epithelium. Infect Immun 1984;44(1):38-40
    • (1984) Infect Immun , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-40
    • Ramphal, R.1    Sadoff, J.C.2    Pyle, M.3    Silipigni, J.D.4
  • 37
    • 0014263775 scopus 로고
    • Evidence suggesting importance of role of interbacterial inhibition in maintaining balance of normal flora
    • Sprunt K, Redman W. Evidence suggesting importance of role of interbacterial inhibition in maintaining balance of normal flora. Ann Intern Med 1968;68:579-90
    • (1968) Ann Intern Med , vol.68 , pp. 579-590
    • Sprunt, K.1    Redman, W.2
  • 38
    • 0027000815 scopus 로고
    • Normal host defenses and impairments associated with the delayed resolution of pneumonia
    • Mason CM, Nelson S. Normal host defenses and impairments associated with the delayed resolution of pneumonia. Semin Respir Infect 1992;7:(4):243-55
    • (1992) Semin Respir Infect , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 243-255
    • Mason, C.M.1    Nelson, S.2
  • 39
    • 0027881817 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary defense mechanisms
    • Toews GB. Pulmonary defense mechanisms. Semin Respir Infect 1993;8(3):160-7
    • (1993) Semin Respir Infect , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 160-167
    • Toews, G.B.1
  • 40
    • 0026503981 scopus 로고
    • Microbial etiology of acute pneumonia in hospitalized patients
    • Bates JH, Campbell GD, Barron AL, et al. Microbial etiology of acute pneumonia in hospitalized patients. Chest 1992;101:1005-12
    • (1992) Chest , vol.101 , pp. 1005-1012
    • Bates, J.H.1    Campbell, G.D.2    Barron, A.L.3
  • 41
    • 0029160696 scopus 로고
    • The usefulness of the sputum gram stain in the diagnosis of pneumonia
    • Park DR, Skerrett SJ. The usefulness of the sputum gram stain in the diagnosis of pneumonia. Clin Pulmonary Med 1995;2(4):201-12
    • (1995) Clin Pulmonary Med , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 201-212
    • Park, D.R.1    Skerrett, S.J.2
  • 42
    • 8544245070 scopus 로고
    • Survey of infection in hospitals
    • Study Group on Hospital Infection. Survey of infection in hospitals. J Hospital Infect 1981;2(Suppl):1-51
    • (1981) J Hospital Infect , vol.2 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 1-51
  • 45
    • 0030001682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An unusual source for an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on an intensive therapy unit
    • Cotterill S, Evans R, Fraise AP. An unusual source for an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on an intensive therapy unit. J Hospital Infect 1996;32:207-16
    • (1996) J Hospital Infect , vol.32 , pp. 207-216
    • Cotterill, S.1    Evans, R.2    Fraise, A.P.3
  • 46
    • 0025812277 scopus 로고
    • Legionella in hospitals: A review
    • Hart CA, Makin T. Legionella in hospitals: A review. J Hospital Infect 1991;18(Suppl A):481-9
    • (1991) J Hospital Infect , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL. A , pp. 481-489
    • Hart, C.A.1    Makin, T.2
  • 47
    • 0023276969 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial Legionellosis associated with use of oxygen bubble humidifiers and underwater chest drains
    • Moiraghi A, Pastoris MC, Barrai C, et al. Nosocomial Legionellosis associated with use of oxygen bubble humidifiers and underwater chest drains. J Hospital Infect 1987;10:47-50
    • (1987) J Hospital Infect , vol.10 , pp. 47-50
    • Moiraghi, A.1    Pastoris, M.C.2    Barrai, C.3
  • 48
    • 0343260779 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia outside the intensive care unit
    • Niederman MS, Sarosi GA, Glassorth J (eds.) Philadelphia, PA, W.B. Saunders
    • Dal Nogare AR. Nosocomial pneumonia outside the intensive care unit. In Niederman MS, Sarosi GA, Glassorth J (eds.) Respiratory Infections. A Scientific Basis for Management. Philadelphia, PA, W.B. Saunders, 1983;139-61
    • (1983) Respiratory Infections. A Scientific Basis for Management , pp. 139-161
    • Dal Nogare, A.R.1
  • 51
    • 0017885663 scopus 로고
    • Severity of underlying disease as a predictor of nosocomial infection: Utility in the control of nosocomial infection
    • Britt MR, Schleupner CJ, Matsumiya S. Severity of underlying disease as a predictor of nosocomial infection: Utility in the control of nosocomial infection. JAMA 1978;239:1047-51
    • (1978) JAMA , vol.239 , pp. 1047-1051
    • Britt, M.R.1    Schleupner, C.J.2    Matsumiya, S.3
  • 52
    • 0026077379 scopus 로고
    • Preventing nosocomial pneumonia: State of the art and perspectives for the 1990s
    • Craven DE, Steger KA, Barber TW. Preventing nosocomial pneumonia: State of the art and perspectives for the 1990s. Am J Med 1991;91(Suppl 3B):44S-53S
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.91 , Issue.SUPPL. 3B
    • Craven, D.E.1    Steger, K.A.2    Barber, T.W.3
  • 53
    • 0028136086 scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance: Will infection control meet the challenge?
    • Burgert SJ, Burke JP. Antibiotic resistance: Will infection control meet the challenge? Am J Infect Control 1994;22:193-4
    • (1994) Am J Infect Control , vol.22 , pp. 193-194
    • Burgert, S.J.1    Burke, J.P.2
  • 54
    • 0019832074 scopus 로고
    • Hand-washing patterns in medical intensive care units
    • Albert RK, Condie F. Hand-washing patterns in medical intensive care units. N Engl J Med 1981;304(24):1465-6
    • (1981) N Engl J Med , vol.304 , Issue.24 , pp. 1465-1466
    • Albert, R.K.1    Condie, F.2
  • 55
    • 0029152027 scopus 로고
    • APIC guideline for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health care settings
    • Larson EL. APIC guideline for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health care settings. Am J Infect Control 1995;23:251-69
    • (1995) Am J Infect Control , vol.23 , pp. 251-269
    • Larson, E.L.1
  • 56
    • 0028820013 scopus 로고
    • The economics of nosocomial infections
    • Wenzel RP. The economics of nosocomial infections. J Hospital Infect 1995;31:79-87
    • (1995) J Hospital Infect , vol.31 , pp. 79-87
    • Wenzel, R.P.1
  • 57
    • 0029076317 scopus 로고
    • Infection control programmes - Are they cost-effective?
    • Mehtar S. Infection control programmes - are they cost-effective? J Hospital Infect 1995;30(Suppl):26-34
    • (1995) J Hospital Infect , vol.30 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 26-34
    • Mehtar, S.1
  • 58
    • 0028874161 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of hospital-acquired pneumonia: Measuring effect in ounces, pounds, and tons
    • Craven DE. Prevention of hospital-acquired pneumonia: Measuring effect in ounces, pounds, and tons. Ann Intern Med 1995;122(3):229-31
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.122 , Issue.3 , pp. 229-231
    • Craven, D.E.1
  • 59
    • 0024500270 scopus 로고
    • CDC definitions for nosocomial infections
    • Centers for Disease Control. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;139:1058-9
    • (1989) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.139 , pp. 1058-1059
  • 60
    • 0025783219 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia: Pathogenesis and recent advances in diagnosis and therapy
    • Scheld WM, Mandell GL. Nosocomial pneumonia: Pathogenesis and recent advances in diagnosis and therapy. Rev Infect Dis 1991;13(Suppl 9):S743-51
    • (1991) Rev Infect Dis , vol.13 , Issue.9 SUPPL.
    • Scheld, W.M.1    Mandell, G.L.2
  • 61
    • 0025808665 scopus 로고
    • Developments in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of nosocomial pneumonia
    • Scheld WM. Developments in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1991;172(Suppl):42-53
    • (1991) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.172 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 42-53
    • Scheld, W.M.1
  • 62
    • 0029298745 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia in the nursing home
    • Hecht A, Siple J, Deitz S, Williams P. Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia in the nursing home. Nurse Practitioner 1995;20(5):24-39
    • (1995) Nurse Practitioner , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 24-39
    • Hecht, A.1    Siple, J.2    Deitz, S.3    Williams, P.4
  • 63
    • 0028593493 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial infections in the human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient: A two-year survey
    • Goetz AM, Squier C, Wagener MM, Muder RR. Nosocomial infections in the human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient: A two-year survey. Am J Infect Control 1994;22:334-9
    • (1994) Am J Infect Control , vol.22 , pp. 334-339
    • Goetz, A.M.1    Squier, C.2    Wagener, M.M.3    Muder, R.R.4
  • 64
    • 0017304812 scopus 로고
    • Bacteriologic diagnosis of acute pneumonia
    • Davidson M, Tempest B, Palmer DL. Bacteriologic diagnosis of acute pneumonia. JAMA 1976;235(2):159-63
    • (1976) JAMA , vol.235 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-163
    • Davidson, M.1    Tempest, B.2    Palmer, D.L.3
  • 66
    • 0027855993 scopus 로고
    • Monotherapy is appropriate for nosocomial pneumonia in the intensive care unit
    • Arbo MDJ, Snydman DR. Monotherapy is appropriate for nosocomial pneumonia in the intensive care unit. Semin Respir Infect 1993;8(4):259-67
    • (1993) Semin Respir Infect , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 259-267
    • Arbo, M.D.J.1    Snydman, D.R.2
  • 67
    • 0026592287 scopus 로고
    • Patenteral followed by oral ofloxacin for nosocomial pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization
    • Gentry LO, Rodriguez-Gomez G, Kohler RB, Khan FA, Rytel MW. Patenteral followed by oral ofloxacin for nosocomial pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145:31-5
    • (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.145 , pp. 31-35
    • Gentry, L.O.1    Rodriguez-Gomez, G.2    Kohler, R.B.3    Khan, F.A.4    Rytel, M.W.5
  • 68
    • 0027240480 scopus 로고
    • Cefepime: The next generation?
    • Sanders CC. Cefepime: The next generation? Clin Infect Dis 1993;17:369-79
    • (1993) Clin Infect Dis , vol.17 , pp. 369-379
    • Sanders, C.C.1
  • 69
    • 0027244061 scopus 로고
    • Immunology of the aging lung
    • Gyetko MR, Toews GB. Immunology of the aging lung. Clin Chest Med 1993;14(3):379-91
    • (1993) Clin Chest Med , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 379-391
    • Gyetko, M.R.1    Toews, G.B.2
  • 70
    • 0026794285 scopus 로고
    • Host resistance and the immune system
    • Ben-Yehuda A, Weksler ME. Host resistance and the immune system. Clin Geriatr Med 1992;8(4):701-11
    • (1992) Clin Geriatr Med , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 701-711
    • Ben-Yehuda, A.1    Weksler, M.E.2
  • 71
    • 0020627375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial pneumonia in the elderly
    • Verghese A, Berk SL. Bacterial pneumonia in the elderly. Medicine 62(5):271-85
    • Medicine , vol.62 , Issue.5 , pp. 271-285
    • Verghese, A.1    Berk, S.L.2
  • 72
    • 0025183927 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in the elderly
    • Harkness GA, Bentley DW, Roghmann KJ. Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in the elderly. Am J Med 1990;89:457-63
    • (1990) Am J Med , vol.89 , pp. 457-463
    • Harkness, G.A.1    Bentley, D.W.2    Roghmann, K.J.3
  • 73
    • 0018143585 scopus 로고
    • Factors predisposing to oropharyngeal colonization with gram-negative bacilli in the aged
    • Valenti WM, Trudell RG, Bentley DW. Factors predisposing to oropharyngeal colonization with gram-negative bacilli in the aged. N Engl J Med 1978;298:1108-11
    • (1978) N Engl J Med , vol.298 , pp. 1108-1111
    • Valenti, W.M.1    Trudell, R.G.2    Bentley, D.W.3
  • 74
    • 0016301506 scopus 로고
    • Aerobic gram-negative bacillary pneumonias
    • Pierce AK, Sanford JP. Aerobic gram-negative bacillary pneumonias. Am Rev Respir Dis 1974;110:647-58
    • (1974) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.110 , pp. 647-658
    • Pierce, A.K.1    Sanford, J.P.2
  • 75
    • 0027054333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill comatose patients: Need for a different therapeutic approach
    • Rello J, Ausina V, Riart M, Puzo C, Net A, Prats G. Nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill comatose patients: need for a different therapeutic approach. Eur Respir J 5: 1249-53
    • Eur Respir J , vol.5 , pp. 1249-1253
    • Rello, J.1    Ausina, V.2    Riart, M.3    Puzo, C.4    Net, A.5    Prats, G.6
  • 76
    • 0019543955 scopus 로고
    • Role of respiratory assistance devices in endemic nosocomial pneumonia
    • Cross AS, Roup B. Role of respiratory assistance devices in endemic nosocomial pneumonia. Am J Med 1981;70:681-5
    • (1981) Am J Med , vol.70 , pp. 681-685
    • Cross, A.S.1    Roup, B.2
  • 77
    • 0025100823 scopus 로고
    • Monocyte HLA-DR antigen expression characterizes clinical outcome in the trauma patient
    • Hershman MJ, Cheadle WG, Wellhausen SR, Davidson PF, Polk HG. Monocyte HLA-DR antigen expression characterizes clinical outcome in the trauma patient. Br J Surg 1990;77:204-7
    • (1990) Br J Surg , vol.77 , pp. 204-207
    • Hershman, M.J.1    Cheadle, W.G.2    Wellhausen, S.R.3    Davidson, P.F.4    Polk, H.G.5
  • 79
    • 0028969363 scopus 로고
    • Retrospective analysis of risk factors and prognosis in non-ventilated patients with nosocomial pneumonia
    • Gomez J, Esquinas A, Agudo MD, et al. Retrospective analysis of risk factors and prognosis in non-ventilated patients with nosocomial pneumonia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995;14:176-81
    • (1995) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis , vol.14 , pp. 176-181
    • Gomez, J.1    Esquinas, A.2    Agudo, M.D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.