Restoring productivity of salmon-based food webs: Contrasting effects of salmon carcass and salmon carcass analog additions on stream-resident salmonids

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society

Volumn 133, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 1440-1454

  Wipfli, Mark S ^a,c   Hudson, John P ^a   Caouette, John P ^b  

^a PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION   (United States)

^b US Forest Service   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; CONDITION FACTOR; DIET; FOOD SUPPLEMENTATION; FOOD WEB; LIPID; SALMONID;

AMADINA FASCIATA; ONCORHYNCHUS; ONCORHYNCHUS CLARKI; ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH; RIPARIA; SALMONIDAE;

EID: 8544246479     PISSN: 00028487     EISSN: 15488659     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1577/T03-112.1     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Adams, S. M. 1998. Ecological role of lipids in the health and success of fish populations. Pages 132160 in M. T. Arts and B. C. Wainman, editors. Lipids in freshwater ecosystems. Springer, New York.
2. Ashley, K. I., and P. A. Slaney. 1997. Accelerating recovery of stream, river and pond productivity by low-level nutrient enrichment. Pages 13-1-13-24 in P. A. Slaney and D. Zaldokas, editors. Fish habitat rehabilitation procedures. British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks and Ministry of Forests, Watershed Restoration Technical Circular 9, Vancouver, British Columbia.
3. Baker, T. T., A. C. Wertheimer, R. D. Burkett, R. Dunlap, D. M. Eggers, E. I. Fritts, A. J. Gharrett, R. A. Holmes, and R. L. Wilmot. 1996. Status of Pacific salmon and steelhead escapements in southeastern Alaska. Fisheries 21(10):6-18.
4. Bilby, R. E., B. R. Fransen, and P. A. Bisson. 1996. Incorporation of nitrogen and carbon from spawning coho salmon into the trophic system of small streams: evidence from stable isotopes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53:164-173.
5. Bilby, R. E., B. R. Fransen, P. A. Bisson, and J. K. Walter. 1998. Response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (Oncorhyn-chus mykiss) to the addition of salmon carcasses to two streams in southwestern Washington, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55:1909-1918.
6. Bligh, E. G., and M. A. Scott. 1966. Lipids of cod muscle and the effect of frozen storage. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 23(7):1025-1036.
7. Borchardt, M. A. 1996. Nutrients. Pages 183-227 in R. J. Stevenson, M. L. Bothwell and R. L. Lowe, editors. Algal ecology. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
8. Braddock, R. J. and L. R. Dugan, Jr. 1972. Phospholipid changes in muscle from frozen stored Lake Michigan coho salmon. Journal of Food Science 37(3): 426-429.
9. Cederholm, C. J., M. D. Kunze, T. Murota, and A. Si-batani. 1999. Pacific salmon carcasses: essential contribution of nutrients and energy for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Fisheries 24(10):6-15.
10. Chaloner, D. T., K. M. Martin, M. S. Wipfli, P. H. Ostrom, and G. A. Lamberti. 2002. Marine carbon and nitrogen in southeastern Alaska stream food webs: evidence from artificial and natural streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59:1257-1265.
11. Chaloner, D. T., and M. S. Wipfli. 2002. Influence of decomposing Pacific salmon carcasses on macroinvertebrate growth and standing stock in southeastern Alaska streams. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 21:430-442.
12. Chapman, D. W., and E. Knudsen. 1980. Channelization and livestock impacts on salmonid habitat and biomass in western Washington. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 109:357-363.
13. Gende, S. M., R. T. Edwards, M. F. Willson, and M. S. Wipfli. 2002. The ecological role of Pacific salmon in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. BioScience 52(10):917-928.
14. Gresh, T., J. Lichatowich, and P. Schoonmaker. 2000. An estimation of historic and current levels of salmon production in the northeast Pacific ecosystem: evidence of a nutrient deficit in the freshwater systems of the Pacific Northwest. Fisheries 25(1):15-21.
15. Hardy, R., A. S. McGill, and F. D. Gunstone. 1979. Lipid and autoxidative changes in cold stored cod (Gadus morhua). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 30(10):999-1006.
16. Heintz, R. A., B. D. Nelson, M. Larsen, L. Holland, M. S. Wipfli, and J. P. Hudson. 2004. Effects of salmon carcasses on the lipid class and fatty acid composition of juvenile coho salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 133:559-567.
17. Hetrick, N. J., M. A. Brusven, W. R. Meehan, and T. C. Bjornn. 1998a. Changes in solar input, water temperature, periphyton accumulation, and allochthon-ous input and storage after canopy removal along two small salmon streams in Southeast Alaska. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 127: 859-875.
18. Hetrick, N. J., M. A. Brusven, T. C. Bjornn, R. M. Keith, and W. R. Meehan. 1998b. Effects of canopy removal on invertebrates and diet of juvenile coho in a small stream in Southeast Alaska. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 127:876-888.
19. Hill, W. R., M. G. Ryon, and E. M. Shilling. 1995. Light limitation in a stream ecosystem: Responses by primary producers and consumers. Ecology 76:1297-1309.
20. Kline, T. C., J. J. Goering, and R. J. Piorkowski. 1997. The effect of salmon carcasses on Alaskan fresh-waters. Pages 179-204 in A. M. Milner and M. W. Oswood, editors. Freshwaters of Alaska: ecological syntheses. Springer-Verlag, New York.
21. Kyle, G. B., J. P. Koenings, and J. A. Edmundson. 1997. An overview of Alaska lake-rearing salmon enhancement strategy: nutrient enrichment and juvenile stocking. Pages 205-227 in A. M. Milner and M. W. Oswood, editors. Freshwaters of Alaska: ecological syntheses. Springer-Verlag, New York.
22. Levy, S. 1997. Pacific salmon bring it all back home. BioScience 47:657-660.
23. Mathisen, O. A., P. L. Parker, J. J. Goering, T. C. Kline, P. H. Poe, and R. S. Scalan. 1988. Recycling of marine elements transported into freshwater systems by anadromous salmon. Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung Limnologie 23:2249-2258.
24. McGowan, M. 1998. Comparison of community structure and composition, radiation transmission, and organic stream inputs in old-growth and second-growth riparian systems of Southeast Alaska. MS thesis, University of Montana, Missoula. 62 pp.
25. Minakawa, N., and R. I. Gara. 1999. Ecological effects of a chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) spawning run in a small stream of the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 14:327-335.
26. Naiman, R. J., R. E. Bilby, D. E. Schindler, and J. M. Helfield. 2002. Pacific salmon, nutrients, and the dynamics of freshwater ecosystems. Ecosystems 5: 399-417.
27. NRC (National Research Council). 1996. Upstream: Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
28. Olsen, Y. 1998. Lipids and essential fatty acids in aquatic food webs: what can freshwater ecologists learn from mariculture? Pages 161-202 in M. T. Arts and B. C. Wainman, editors. Lipids in freshwater ecosystems. Springer, New York.
29. Refsgaard, H. H. F., P. M. B. Brockhoff, and B. Jensen. 2000. Free polyunsaturated fatty acids cause taste deterioration of salmon during frozen storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48(8): 3280-3285.
30. SAS Institute. 1989. SAS/STAT user’s guide, version 6, edition 4, volume 2. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
31. Schmidt, D. C., S. R. Carlson, G. B. Kyle, and B. P. Finney. 1998. Influence of carcass-derived nutrients on sockeye salmon productivity in Karluk Lake, Alaska: importance in the assessment of an escapement goal. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 18:743-763.
32. Schoonmaker, P. K., T. Gresh, J. Lichatowich, and H. D. Radtke. 2003. Past and present Pacific salmon abundance: bioregional estimates for key life history stages. Pages 33-40 in J. G. Stockner, editor. Nutrients in salmonid ecosystems: sustaining production and biodiversity. American Fisheries Society Symposium 34, Bethesda, Maryland.
33. Slaney, T. L., K. D. Hyatt, T. G. Northcote, and R. J. Fielden. 1996. Status of anadromous salmon and trout in British Columbia and Yukon. Fisheries 21: 20-35.
34. Stockner, J. G., editor. 2003. Nutrients in salmonid ecosystems: sustaining production and biodiversity. American Fisheries Society Symposium 34, Be-thesda, Maryland.
35. Stockner, J. G., and E. A. MacIsaac. 1996. British Columbia lake enrichment programme: two decades of habitat enhancement for sockeye salmon. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 12:547-561.
36. Thomas, S. A., T. V. Royer, G. W. Minshall, and E. Snyder. 2003. Assessing the historic contribution of marine-derived nutrients to Idaho streams. Pages 41-55 in J. G. Stockner, editor. Nutrients in sal-monid ecosystems: sustaining production and biodiversity. American Fisheries Society Symposium 34, Bethesda, Maryland.
37. Vogel, J. L., and B. A. Beauchamp. 1999. Effects of light, prey size, and turbidity on the reaction distances of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) to sal-monid prey. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56:1293-1297.
38. Willson, M. F., S. M. Gende, and B. Marston. 1998. Fishes and the forest: expanding perspectives on fish-wildlife interactions. BioScience 48:455-462.
39. Wilson, G. A., K. I. Ashley, R. W. Land, and P. A. Slaney. 2003. Experimental enrichment of two ol-igotrophic rivers in south coastal British Columbia. Pages 149-162 in J. G. Stockner, editor. Nutrients in salmonid ecosystems: sustaining production and biodiversity. American Fisheries Society Symposium 34, Bethesda, Maryland.
40. Wipfli, M. S. 1997. Terrestrial invertebrates as salmonid prey and nitrogen sources in streams: contrasting old-growth and young-growth riparian forests in southeastern Alaska, USA. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54:1259-1269.
41. Wipfli, M. S., J. P. Hudson, and J. P. Caouette. 1998. Influence of salmon carcasses on stream productivity: response of biofilm and benthic macroinvertebrates in southeastern Alaska, USA. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55:1503-1511.
42. Wipfli, M. S., J. P. Hudson, J. P. Caouette, and D. T. Chaloner. 2003. Marine subsidies in freshwater ecosystems: salmon carcasses increase the growth rates of stream-resident salmonids. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 132:371-381.
43. Wipfli, M. S., J. P. Hudson, D. T. Chaloner, and J. P. Caouette. 1999. Influence of salmon spawner densities on stream productivity in Southeast Alaska. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56:1600-1611.
44. Young, M. K., R. B. Rader, and T. A. Belish. 1997. Influence of macroinvertebrate drift and light on the activity and movement of Colorado River cutthroat trout. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 126:428-437.