WAR CRIMES AGAINST WoMEN: Prosecution in International War Crimes Tribunals

War Crimes against Women: Prosecution in International War Crimes Tribunals

Volumn , Issue , 2023, Pages 1-455

  Askin, Kelly Dawn ^a  

^a NOTRE DAME LAW SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85198403631     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (521)

1. Akehurst, Michael, A Modern Introduction to International Law, (6th ed.), Unwin Hyman, London, 1987.
2. Alexander, Edward, A Crime ofVengeance, An Armenian Struggle for Justice, The Free Press, New York, 1991.
3. Appleman, John Alan, Military Tribunals and International Crimes, The Bobbs-Merrill Co, Inc, Indianapolis, 1954.
4. Alston, Philip (ed), The United Nations and Human Rights, A Critical Appraisal, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992.
5. Alston, Philip (ed), The International Dimensions ofHuman Rights, (2 Vols.), Greenwood Press, Westport CT, 1982 (general ed. Karel Vasak; P. Alston revised and edited the English edition.)
6. Arend, Anthony Clark and Robert J. Beck, International Law and the Use of Force: Beyond the UN Charter Paradigm, Routledge, London, 1993.
7. August, Ray, Public International Law, Text, Cases, and Readings, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1995.
8. Axinn, Sidney, AMoral Military, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1989.
9. Balos, Beverly, and Fellows, Mary Louise (eds), Law and Violence Against Women, Cases and Materials on Systems of Oppression, Carolina Academic Press, NC, 1994.
10. Bassiouni, M. Cherif, International Criminal Law, A Draft International Criminal Code, Sijthoff & Noordhoff, The Netherlands, 1980.
11. Bassiouni, M. Cherif, A Draft International Criminal Code and Draft Statute for an International Criminal Tribunal, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1987.
12. Bassiouni, M. Cherif, Crimes Against Humanity in International Criminal Law, Martinus Nijhoff, The Netherlands, 1992.
13. Bassiouni, M. Cherif, and Nanda, Ved P. (eds), A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Crimes and Punishment, (Vol. 1), Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, Ill., 1973.
14. Bassiouni, M. Cherif, and Nanda, Ved P. (eds), A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Jurisdiction and Cooperation, (Vol. 2), Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, Ill., 1973.
15. Bassiouni, M. Cherif, and Manikas, Peter, The Law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Transnational Publishers, New York, 1996.
16. Belli, Pierino, A Treatise on Military Matters, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1936.
17. Benton, Wilbourn E. and Georg Grimm (eds), Nuremberg, German Views of the War Trials, Southern Methodist University Press, Dallas, 1955.
18. Benvenisti, Eyal, The International Law of Occupation, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1993.
19. Best, Geoffrey, Humanity in Warfare: The Modern History of the International Law of Armed Conflicts, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, London 1980.
20. Best, Geoffrey, War and Law Since 1945, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994.
21. Blaustein, A, Clark, Rand Sigler J. (eds) Human Rights Sourcebook, Paragon House Publishers, New York, 1987.
22. Blaustein A, Clark, The Blue Helmets, A Review of United Nations Peace-keeping, United Nations, New York, 1985.
23. Bosch, William J., Judgment on Nuremberg, American Attitudes Toward the Major German War-Crime Trials, The University ofNorth Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1970.
24. Bordwell, Percy, The Law of War Between Belligerents, A History and Commentary, Callaghan & Co, Chicago, 1908.
25. Bothe, M., Partsch, K.J., and Solf, W.A., New Rules for Victims of Armed Conflicts: Commentary on the Two 1977 Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1982.
26. Bowett, Derek W., Self-Defence in International Law, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1958.
27. Bowett, Derek W., The Law of International Institutions, (4th ed.), Stevens & Son, London, 1982.
28. Brackman, Arnold C., The Other Nuremberg, The Untold Story of the Tokyo War Crimes Trials, William Morrow & Co, New York, 1987.
29. Brownlie, Ian, International Law and the Use of Force by States, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1963.
30. Brownlie, Ian., Principles of Public International Law, (4th ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1990.
31. Brownmiller, Susan, Against Our Will, Men, Women and Rape, Seeker & Warburg, London, 1975.
32. Buergenthal, Thomas and Maier, Harold G., Public International Law (Nutshell Series, 2nd ed), West Publishing Co, St. Paul, 1990.
33. Burman, W. Paul (ed), The First German War Crimes Trial, Chief Judge Walter B. Beals' Desk Notebook of the Doctors' Trial, Held in Nuernberg, Germany, December, 1945 to August, 1947, (2 vols), Documentary Publications, Chapel Hill, NC, 1985.
34. Buscher, Frank M., The U.S. War Crimes Trial Program In Germany, 1946- 1955, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 1989.
35. Carter, Barry E. and Trimble, Phillip R (eds), International Law, Selected Documents, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1991.
36. Cassese, Antonio, International Law in a Divided World, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1986.
37. Cassese, Antonio (ed), The Current Legal Regulation of the Use of Force, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1986.
38. Cassese, Antonio (ed), United Nations Peace-Keeping, Legal Essays, Alphen aan den Rijn- Sijthoff & Noordhoff, The Netherlands, 1978.
39. Cassese, Antonio, Human Rights in a Changing World, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1990.
40. Cassese, Antonio, Violence and Law in the Modern Age, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1986 (translated by S.J.K. Greenleaves).
41. Cassese, Antonio (ed), The New Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict, Editoriale Scientifica s.r.l., Napoli, 1979.
42. Cassese, Antonio, The Charter and Judgment of the Niirnberg Tribunal, History and Analysis, United Nations - General Assembly, International Law Commission, Lake Success, NY 1949.
43. Chinkin, Christine, Third Parties in International Law, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1993.
44. Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Cicero's Three Books of Offices, or Moral Duties, Harper & Brothers, New York, 1873, (Translated by Cyrus R Edwards, American Book Co, NY).
45. Conot, Robert E., Justice at Nuremberg, Harper & Row, New York, 1983.
46. Cook, Rebecca J. (ed), Human Rights of Women, National and International Perspectives, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1994.
47. Cotler, Irwin (ed), Nuremberg Forty Years Later - The Struggle aagainst Injustice in Our Time, MeGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal, 1995 (International Human Rights Conference, November 1987, Papers and Proceedings and Retrospective 1993).
48. Crawford, J. (ed), The Rights of Peoples, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1988.
49. D'Amato, T., International Law: Process and Prospects, Transnational Publishers, Dobbs Feny, 1987.
50. Davies, Miranda (ed), Woman and Violence, Zed Books, London, 1994.
51. Delissen Asrid J M., and Tanja, Gerard J. (eds.), Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict, Challenges Ahead, Martinus NijhoffPublishers, Dordrecht, 1991.
52. De Lupis, Ingrid Detter, The Law of War, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.
53. De Mulinen Frederic, Handbook on the Law of War for Armed Forces, International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, 1987.
54. DeZayas, Alfred M., The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau, 1939-1945, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 1989 (with collaboration of Walter Rabus).
55. De Vattel Emmerich, The Law ofNations or the Principles ofNatural Law, Carnegie Foundation, Washington, 1916.
56. De Victoria, On the Indians, Carnegie Foundation, Washington, 1917.
57. Domenico, Roy Palmer, Italian Fascists on Trial, 1943-1948, Univ. ofNorth Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1991.
58. Dinstein, Yoram, War, Aggression and Self-Defonce, Grotius, Cambridge, 1988.
59. Drinan, Robert F., Cry of the Oppressed, The History and Hope of the Human Rights Revolution, Harper & Row, San Francisco, 1987.
60. Dunant, H., A Memory of Solferino, American National Red Cross, Washington, 1959.
61. Dworkin, Andrea, Intercourse, The Free Press, New York, 1987.
62. Ehrenburg, Ilya and Grossman, Vasily (eds), The Black Book: Documents the destruction of 1.5 million Soviet Jews, Holocaust Library, New York, 1980.
63. Elkind, Jerome B., Interim Protection: A Functional Approach, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1981
64. Elshtain, Jean Bethke (ed.), Just War Theory, New York University Press, 1992.
65. Fairstein, Linda A, Sexual Violence: Our War Against Rape, William Morrow and Co., New York, 1993.
66. Falk, Richard, Gabriel Kolko & Robert Jay Lifton, Crimes of War, Vintage Books, NY, 1971.
67. Ferencz, Benjamin B., An International Criminal Court-A Step Toward WorldPeace, ADocumentaryHistoryandAnalysis, (2 vols), Oceana Publications, 1980.
68. Ferencz, Benjamin, Defining International Aggression, The Search for World Peace, Oceana Publications Inc., New York, 1975.
69. Finkielkraut, Alain, Remembering in Vain, The Klaus Barbie Trial and Crimes Against Humanity, Columbia University Press, NewYork, 1989.
70. Fitzpatrick, Joan, Human Rights in Crisis, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1994.
71. Foster, Lemuel H., The Legal Rights of Women, Woman's Publishing Co., Detroit, 1913.
72. Friedman, Leon (ed), The Law of War- A Documentary History (2 Vols.), Random House, New York, 1972.
73. Gardam, Judith Gail, Non-Combatant Immunity as a Norm of International Humanitarian Law, Martinus Nijhofi, Dordrecht, 1993.
74. Gibson, John S., International Organizations, Constitutional Law, and Human Rights, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1991.
75. Gilbert, G.M., Nuremberg Diary, Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 1948.
76. Ginn, John L., Sugamo Prison, Tokyo: An Account of the Trial and Sentencing of Japanese War Criminals in 1948, by a US Participant, McFarland & Co, Jefferson, 1992.
77. Ginsburgs, George and Kudriavtsev, V.N. (eds.), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus NijhoffPublishers, Dordrecht, 1990.
78. Glendon, Mary Ann, The Transformation of Family Law, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1989.
79. Glueck, Sheldon, War Criminals, Their Prosecution and Punishment, Kraus Reprint Corp, New York, 1966 (Orig. printed in NY, 1944 by Alfred A. Knoph, Inc.)
80. Goldstein, Anne Tierney, Recognizing Forced Impregnation as a War Crime Under International Law, The Center for Reproductive Law & Policy, New York, 1993.
81. Graber, Doris Appel, The Development of the Law of Belligerent Occupation 1863-1914: A Historical Survey, Columbia University Press, New York, 1949.
82. Grant, Rebecca, and Newland, Kathleen (eds), Gender and International Relations, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1991.
83. Green, L.C., Essays on the Modern Law of War, Transnational Publishers, Dobbs Ferry, NewYork, 1985.
84. Greenspan, Morris, The Modern Law of Land Warfare, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1959
85. Gutman, Roy, A Witness to Genocide: The First Inside Account of the Horrors of'Ethnic Cleansing' in Bosnia, 1993.
86. Hammer, Richard, The Court-martial of Lt. Calley, Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, Inc., New York, 1971.
87. Harris, Whitney R., Tyranny on Trial, The Evidence at Nurenberg, Southern Methodist University Press, Dallas, 1954.
88. Hartigan, Richard Shelly, The Forgotten Victim: A History of the Civilian, Precedent Publishing, Chicago, 1982.
89. Hecker, Eugene A., A Short History of Women's Rights (2nd ed., rev.), Greenwood Press, Connecticut, 1971 (originally published in 1914 by G.P. Putnam's Sons, NY).
90. Henkin, Louis, How Nations Behave: Law and Foreign Policy, (2nd ed.), Columbia University Press, New York, 1979.
91. Henkin, Louis (ed), The International Bill of Rights, Columbia University Press, New York, 1981.
92. Herczegh, Geza, Development ofintemational Humanitarian Law, Akademiai Kiad6, Budapest, 1984.
93. Hevener, Natalie Kaufman, International Law and the Status of Women, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1983.
94. Hicks, George, The Comfort Women, Allen & Unwin, St. Leonards, NSW Australia, 1995.
95. Higgins, Rosalyn, The Development of International Law Throught the Political Organs of the United Nations, Oxford University Press, London, 1963.
96. Higgins, Rosalyn, History of the UNWCC and the Development of the Laws of War, United Nations War Crimes Commission, London, 1948.
97. Howard, Michael (ed), Restraints on War, Studies in the Limitation of Armed Conflict, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1979.
98. Hudson, Manley O., International Tribunals, Past and Future, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and Brookings Institution, Washington, 1944.
99. Hudson, Manley O, Human Rights, A Compilation of International Instruments of the United Nations, (2 Vols.) United Nations Publications, ST/HR11/Rev.4, 1993.
100. Hudson, Manley O, Human Rights Watch Global Report on Women 's Human Rights, Human Rights Watch Women's Rights Project, 1995.
101. Hudson, Manley O., Human Rights Watch World Report 1996, Human Rights Watch, 1995.
102. Humana, Charles, World Human Rights Guide (3rd ed), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992.
103. Humana, Charles, International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Dissentient Judgment of Justice Pal, Sanyal & Co., Calcutta, 1953.
104. Jackson, Robert H., The Niirnberg Case, As presented by Robert H Jackson, Cooper Square Publishers, New York, 1971.
105. John, of Salisbury, Bishop of Chartres, Policraticus: of the frivolities of courtiers and the footprints of philosophers, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1990.
106. Johnson, J., Just War Tradition and the Restraint of War, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1981.
107. Kalshoven, F. and Sandoz, Yves (eds), Implementation of International Humanitarian Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1989.
108. Kalshoven, F., Belligerent Reprisals, Sijthoff, Leyden, 1971.
109. Kalshoven, F., The Law of Warfare, A Summary ofits Recent History and Trends in Development, Sitjhoff, Leyden, 1973.
110. Karsten, Peter, Law, Soldiers and Combat, Greenwood Press, Westport, 1978.
111. Keen, M.H., The Laws of War in the Late Middle Ages, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1965.
112. Keenan, Joseph Berry, and Brown, Brendan Francis, Crimes Against International Law, Public Affairs Press, Washington, DC, 1950.
113. Kelsen, H., Law and Peace in International Relations, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1942.
114. Kerr, Joanna (ed), Ours By Right, Women's Rights as Human Rights, Zed Books Ltd, London, 1993.
115. Khushalani, Yougindra, Dignity and Honour of Women as Basic and Fundamental Human Rights, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1982.
116. Kuper, Leo, Genocide, Its Political Use in the Twentieth Century, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1981.
117. Kuper, Leo, The Prevention of Genocide, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1985.
118. Lael, Richard L., The Yamashita Precedent, War Crimes and Command Responsiblitity, Scholarly Resources Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, 1982.
119. Lauderpacht, H., Recognition in International Law, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1947.
120. Lawliss, Charles, and God Cried, The Holocaust Remembered, JG Press, New York, 1994.
121. Lawliss, Charles, Law Reports of Trials ofWar Criminals, (Vols 1-15), United Nations War Crimes Commission, London, 1947-1949.
122. Levie, Howard (ed), Protection ofWar Victims, Protocol1 to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, (4 Vols.), Oceana Publications, Dobbs Ferry, 1979.
123. Levie, Howard S., The Code of International Armed Conflict, (2 Vols.), . Oceana Publishers, New York, 1986.
124. Levie, Howard S., Terrorism in War-The Law of War Crimes, Oceana Publications, 1993.
125. Lijnzaad, Liesbeth, Reservations to UN-Human Rights Treaties, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1995.
126. Lillich, R (ed), Humanitarian Intervention and the United Nations, University Press ofVirginia, Charlottesville, 1973.
127. Mandel, William, Soviet Women, Anchor Books, Garden City, NY, 1975.
128. Maser, Werner, Nuremberg, A Nation on Trial, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1979 (Translated from German by Richard Barry).
129. McDougal, M. and Feliciano, F., Law andMinimum World Public Order: The General Principles of the Law of the War, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1961.
130. McLean, Sheila and Burrows, Noreen (eds) The Legal Relevance of Gender: Some Aspects of Sex-Based Discrimination, Macmillan Press, 1988.
131. McCoubrey, Hilaire, International Humanitarian Law: The Regulation of Armed Conflict, Dartmouth Publishing Co, Vermont, 1990.
132. Mendelsohn, John, Trial By Document: The Use of Seized Rocords in the United States Proceedings at Nurnberg, Garland Publishing, New York, 1988.
133. Mendlovitz, Sauh H., and Weston, Burns H. (eds), Preferred Futures for the United Nations, Transnational Publishers, New York. 1995.
134. Meron, Theodor, Henry's Wars and Shakespeare's Laws, Perspectives on the Law ofWar in the Later Middle Ages, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1993.
135. Meron, Theodor (ed) Human Rights in International Law: Legal and Policy Issues (2 Vols.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1984.
136. Meron, Theodor, Human Rights and Humanitarian Norms as Customary Law, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1989.
137. Meron, Theodor, Human Rights In Internal Strife: Their International Protection, Grotius Publications Limited, Cambridge, 1987.
138. Melzer, Yehuda, Concepts of Just War, A.W. Sijthoff, Leyden, 1975.
139. Mill, John Stuart, The Subjection of Women, (Susan M. Okin, ed), Hackett Publishing Co, Indianapolis, 1988, (originally published in 1869).
140. Minear, Richard H., Victors' Justice: The Tokyo War Crimes Trial, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1971.
141. Morgan, Robin (ed), Sisterhood Is Global, Anchor Books, New York, 1984.
142. Mueller, Gerhard O.W. and Wise, Edward M. (eds), International Criminal Law, Fred B. Rothman & Co., South Hackensack, NJ, 1965.
143. Muller, Ingo, Hitler's Justice: The Courts ofthe Third Reich, LB. Tauris & Co, London, 1991 (translated by Deborah Lucas Schneider).
144. Mullins, Claud, The Liepzig Trials, An Account of the War Criminals Trials and a Study of German Mentality, H.F. & G. Witherby, London, 1921.
145. Nanda, Ved P. and Bassiouoni, M. Cherif (eds), International Criminal Law: A Guide to U.S. Practice and Procedure, Practicing Law Institute, New York, 1987.
146. Neave, Airey, Nuremberg, A Personal Record of the Trial of the Major Nazi War Criminals in 1945-6, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1978.
147. Nelson, Barbara J., and Chowdhury, Najma, Women and Politics Worldwide, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1994.
148. Nesaule, Agate, A Woman in Amber, Healing the Trauma of War and Exile, Soho Press, NY, 1995.
149. Nesaule, Agate, The Nurnberg Case, As presented by Robert H Jackson, Chief Counsel for the United States, together with other documents, Cooper Square Publishers, NY, 1971 (originally published in 1947 by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.)
150. Norman, Richard, Ethics, Killing and War, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.
151. O'Brien, William V., The Conduct of Just and Limited War, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1981.
152. O'Donovan, Katherine, Sexual Divisions in Law, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, London, 1985.
153. Okin, Susan Moller, Justice, Gender, and the Family, Basic Books, New York, 1989.
154. Okun, Lewis, Woman Abuse, Facts Replacing Myths, State University ofNew York Press, Albany, 1986.
155. Paris, Edmond, Genocide in Satellite Croatia, 1941-1945, A Record of Racial and Religious Persecutions and Massacres, The American Institute for Balkan Affairs, Chicago, 1961 (translated from the French by Lois Perkins).
156. Pearlman, Moshe, The Capture and Trial of Adolf Eichmann, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1963.
157. Peters, Julie, and Wolper, Andrea, Women's Rights Human Rights, International Feminist Perspectives, Routledge, New York, 1995.
158. Pictet, J., The Principles of International Humanitarian Law, I.C.RC., Geneva, 1966.
159. Pictet, J., Humanitarian Law and the Protection of War Victims, A.W. Sijthoff, Leyden, 1975.
160. Pictet, J., Development and Principles of International Humanitarian Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1985.
161. Pictet, J., et al., International Dimensions of Humanitarian Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1988.
162. Pietila, Hilkka, and Vickers, Jeanne, Making Women Matter: The Role ofthe United Nations, Zed Books, London, 1994 (revised and updated).
163. Playfair, Emma (ed), International Law and the Administration of Occupied Territories, Two Decades oflsraeli Occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992.
164. Pritchard, Rand, Zaide S. (eds), The Tokyo War Crimes Trial: The Complete Transcripts of the Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East(22 vols), 1981.
165. Poltorak, A. & Zaitsev, Y., Remember Nuremberg, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow, (no date, but before 1965).
166. Quina, Katluyn & Carlson, Nancy L., Rape, Incest, and Sexual HarassmentA Guide for Helping Survivors, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1989.
167. Reardon, Betty A., Women and Peace- Feminist Visions of Global Security, State University ofNewYork Press, Albany, 1993.
168. Rehof, Lars Adam, Guide to the Travaux Pn5paratoires of the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht; 1993.
169. Rehof, Lars Adam, Report of Robert H Jackson, United States Representative to the International Conference on Military Trials, London, 1945, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1949.
170. Reynolds, Sian (ed), Women, State and Revolution, Essays on Power and Gender in Europe Since 1789, WheatsheafBooks, Sussex, 1986.
171. Rhoodie, Eschel M., Discrimination Against Women, A Global Survey, McFarland & Co, Jefferson, NC, 1989.
172. Rifaat, Ahmed M., International Aggression: A Study of the Legal Concept: Its Development and Definiton in International Law, Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, NJ, 1979.
173. Roberts, A, and Guelff, R. (eds), Documents on the Laws of War, (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989.
174. Roling, B.V.A., The Tokyo Trial and Beyond, Reflections of a Peacemonger, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1993 (Ed. and with Introduction by Antonio Cassese).
175. Roling, B.V.A., and Ruter, C.F. (eds), The Tokyo Judgments: The International Tribunal for the Far East, APA-Amsterdam University Press, 1977.
176. Rosenbaum, Alan S., Prosecuting Nazi War Criminals, Westview Press, Boulder, 1993.
177. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, On the Social Contract, (Roger D. Masters, ed; Judith R. Masters, translator), St. Martins Press, NY, 1978, (originally published in 1762, Social Contract).
178. Ruff-O'Heme, Jan, 50 Years of Silence, Editions Tom Thompson, Sydney, 1994.
179. Russell, F., The Just War in the Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1975.
180. Ryan, Cornelius, The Last Battle, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1966.
181. Schindler, Dietrich and Toman, Jili (eds), The Laws of Armed Conflicts, A Collection of Conventions, Resolutions and Other Documents, (3rd ed.), Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1988.
182. Schuler, Margaret A (ed), From Basic Needs to Basic Rights: Women's Claim to Human Rights, Women, Law & Development International, Washington, DC, 1995.
183. Schwarzenberger, Georg, International Law, As Applied By International Courts and Tribunals, (Vol 2), The Law of Armed Conflict, Stevens & Sons Limited, London, 1968.
184. Shute, Stephen and Hurley, Susan (eds), On Human Rights, The Oxford Amnesty Lectures 1993, BasicBooks, New York, 1993.
185. Smith, Bradley F., The American Road to Nuremberg, The Documentary Record 1944-1945, Hoover Institution Press, Stanford, 1982.
186. Smith, Bradley F., The Road to Nuremberg, Basic Books, New York, 1981.
187. Spaight, J., Legal Controls of International Conflict, Maitland Publications, Sydney, 1954.
188. Stiglmayer, Alexandra (ed), Mass Rape: The War Against Women in BosniaHerzegovina, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 1994.
189. Sunga, Lyal S., Individual Responsibility in International Law for Serious Human Rights Violations, Martinus Njihoff, Dordrecht, 1992.
190. Tanaka, Yuki, Hidden Horrors, Japanese War Crimes in World War II, Westview Press, Bolder, 1996.
191. Taylor, Lawrence, A Trial ofGenerals, Homma, Yamashita, MacArthur, Icarus Press, South Bend, Indiana, 1981.
192. Taylor, Telford, The Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials, A Personal Memoir, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1992.
193. Taylor, Telford, Nuremberg and Vietnam: An American Tragedy, Quadrangle Books, Chicago, 1970.
194. Teson, F., Humanitarian Intervention, Transnational Publications, New York, 1988.
195. Thalmann, Rita and Feinermann, Emmanuel, Crystal Night, 9-10 November 1938, Holocaust Library, New York, 1974 (translated by Gilles Cremonesi).
196. Tolley, Howard B. Jr., The International Commission of Jurists, Global Advocates for Human Rights, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1994.
197. Tomaselli, Sylvana, and Porter, Roy (eds), Rape: An Historical and Social Enquiry, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1986.
198. Tomasevski, Katarina, Women and Human Rights, Zed Books, London, 1993.
199. Trainin, A.N., Hitlerite Responsibility Under International Law, Hutchinson & Co, London, 1945 (edited by A.Y. Vishinski, translated from Russian by Andrew Rothstein).
200. Trainin, A.N., Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, 14 November 1945- 1 October 1946 (42 Vols.), published at Nuremberg, Germany, 1947 (IMT Docs).
201. Troohoff, Peter D., Law and Responsibility in Warfare: The Vietnam Experience, University ofNorth Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1975.
202. Tusa, Ann and Tusa, John, The Nuremberg Trial, Antheneum, New York, 1984.
203. Tusa, Ann, The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Peace and Security, Martinus Nijhoff, 1987 (United Nations Institute for Training and Research UNITAR).
204. Wallace, Rebecca M.M., International Law, Sweet & Maxwell, London, 1986.
205. Walzer, M., Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Agrument with Historical Illustrations, Basic Books, New York, 1977.
206. Walzer, M., War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, (2 vols), Helsinki Watch/Human Rights Watch, New York, 1993.
207. Wells, DonaldA, War Crimes and Laws ofWar, (2nd ed.), University Press of America, Lanham, Maryland, 1991.
208. Willis, James F., Prologue to Nuremberg, The Politics and Diplomacy of Punishing War Criminals of the First World War, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 1982.
209. Woetzel, Robert K., The Nuremberg Trials in International Law, with a Postlude on the Eichmann Case, Stevens & Sons Limited, London, 1962.
210. Wolper, Andrea and Peters, Julie S., Women's Rights, Human Rights: International Feminist Perspectives, Routledge, New York, 1995.
211. Yotopoulos-Marangopoulos, Alice, Women's Rights, Human Rights, Hestia Publishers, Athens, 1994.
212. Abi-Saab, Georges, "The 1977 Additional Protocols and general international law: some preliminary reflections", in (Delissen & Tanja, eds), Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict: Challenges Ahead, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1991, 115.
213. Abi-Saab, Rosemary, "Humanitarian Law and internal conflicts: the evolution of legal concern", in (Delissen & Tanja, eds), Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict: Challenges Ahead, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1991, 209.
214. Akhavan, Payam, "Punishing War Crimes in the Former Yugoslavia: A Critical Juncture for the New World Order", 15 Human Rts Q 262 (1993).
215. Aldrich, George H., "Why the United States of America should ratify Additional Protocol 1", in (Delissen & Tanja, eds), Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict: Challenges Ahead, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1991, 127.
216. Aldrich, George, "Progressive Development of the Laws of War: A Reply to Criticisms of the 1977 GenevaProtocol1", 26 Va.J. lnt.L. 693 (1986).
217. Alston, Philip, "The Best Interests Principle: Towards a Reconciliation of Culture and Human Rights", 8 Int'l J of Law and Family 1(1994).
218. An-Na'im, Abdullahi Ahmed, "The Rights of Woman and International Law in the Muslim Context", 9 Whittier L.Rev. 491 (1987).
219. Arend, Anthony Clark, "International Law and the Recourse to Force: A Shift in Paradigms", 27 Stan. J. Int.L. 1 (1990).
220. Aydelott, Danise, "Mass Rape During War: Prosecuting Bosnian Rapists Under International Law", 7 Emory Int'l L.Rev. 585 (1993).
221. Bachman, Ronet and Paternoster, Raymond, "A Contemporary Look at the Effects of Rape Law Reform: How Far Have We Really Come?", 84 J. ofCrim. L. & Criminology 554 (1993).
222. Baez, Jose A., "An International Crimes Court: Further Tales of the King of Corinth", 23 Ga. J. lnt'l & Comp. L. 289 (1993).
223. Barthholomew, Mary Elizabeth and Cornell, Drucilla, "Women, Law, and Inequality: Rethinking International Human Rights", 16 Cardozo L. Rev. 153 (1994).
224. Bassiouni, M. Cherif, "Enslavement as an International Crime", 23 N.Y.U.J. Int'l L. & Pol. 445 (1991).
225. Bassiouni, M.C., "Genocide and Racial Discrimination", in (Bassiouni & Nanda, eds), A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol 1, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, 1973, 522.
226. Bassiouni, M. Cherif, "The United Nations Commission of Experts Established Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 780 (1992)", 88 Am. J. Int'l. L. 784 (1994).
227. Bassiouni, M. Cherif, "A Definition of Aggression in International Law: The Crime against Peace", in (Bassiouni & Nanda, eds), A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol 1, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, 1973, 159.
228. Bassiouni, M. Cherif, "The Time Has Come for an International Criminal Court", 1 Ind. lnt'l & Comp. L. Rev. 1 (1991).
229. Bayefsky, Anne F., "The Principle of Equality or Non-Discrimination in International Law", 11 Hum. Rts. L. J. 1 (1990).
230. Benton, Wilbourn E., "Introduction", in (Benton & Grimm, eds), Nuremberg, Southern Methodist University Press, Dallas, 1955.
231. Best, Geoffrey, "The restraint of war in historical and philosophical perspectives", in (Delissen & Tanja, eds), Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict: Challenges Ahead, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1991, 3.
232. Best, Geoffrey, "Restraints on War by Land before 1945", in (Howard, ed), Restraints on War, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1979.
233. Bierzanek, Remigiusz, "War Crimes: History and Definition", in (Bassiouni & Nanda, eds), A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol 1, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, 1973, 559.
234. Binder, David, "Anatomy of a Massacre", 97 Foreign Pol'y 70 (1994).
235. Blakesley, Christopher L., "Obstacles to the Creation of a Permanent War Crimes Tribunal", 18 Fletcher Forum World Affairs 77 (1994).
236. Blatt, Deborah, "Recognizing Rape as a Method of Torture", 19 Rev. L. & Social Change 821 (1992).
237. Boling, David, "Mass Rape, Enforced Prostitution, and the Japanese Imperial Army: Japanese Eschews International Legal Responsibility?", 32 Colum. J. Transnat'l Pol'y 533 (1995).
238. Brownmiller, Susan, "Making Female Bodies the Battlefield", in (Stiglmayer, ed), Mass Rape: The War against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Univeristy ofNebraska Press, Lincoln, 1994, 180.
239. Bunch, Charlotte, "Women's Rights as Human Rights: Toward a ReVision of Human Rights", 12 Hum. Rts. Q. 486 (1990).
240. Burrows, Noreen, "The 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women", 32 Neth. Int'l L. Rev. 419 (1985).
241. Busschere, "The Humane Treatment of Women in Times of Armed Conflict: Equality and the Law ofHumanity", 26 Revue de Droit Penale Militaire 576 (1987).
242. Butler, W.E., "Soviet Concepts of Aggression", in (Bassiouni & Nanda, eds), A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol 1, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, 1973, 182.
243. Byrnes, Andrew, "The 'Other' Human Rights Treaty Body: The Work of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women", 14 Yale J. Int'l L. 1 (1989).
244. Byrnes, Andrew, "Women, Feminism and International Human Rights Law -Methodological Myopia, Fundamental Flaws or Meaningful Marginalisation?", 12 Aust. Y.B. Int'l L. 205 (1992).
245. Cassese, A. "The Geneva Protocols of 1977 on the Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict and Customary International Law", 3 U.C.L.A. Pac. Basin L.J. 55 (1984).
246. Chapman, Violence Against Women as a Violation of Human Rights, 17(2) Soc.Just. 53 (1990).
247. Charlesworth, Hilary, “A Feminist Critique on the Right to Development, 12 Aust.Y.B. Int'l L. (1992).
248. Charlesworth, Hilary, The Public/Private Distinction and the Right to Development in International Law, 12 Aust. Y.B. Int' L. 190 (1992).
249. Charlesworth, Hilary, "What are 'Women's International Human Rights'?", in (Rebecca J. Cook, ed), Human Rights of Women, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1994, 58.
250. Charlesworth, Hilary, Transforming the United Men's Club: Feminist Futures for the UnitedNations, 4 Transnat'l L. & Contemp. Prob. 421 (1994); also in (Mendlovitz & Weston, eds), Preferred Futures for the United Nations, Transnational Publishers, New York, 1995, 111.
251. Charlesworth, Hilruy, and Chinkin, Christine, The Gender of Jus Cogens, 15 Hum. Rts. Q. 63 (1993).
252. Charlesworth, Hilary; Chinkin, Christine and Wright, Shelley, Feminist Approaches to International Law, 85 Am.J.Int'l L. 613 (1991).
253. Charney, Jonathan I., International Agreements and the Development of Customary International Law, 61 Wash. L.Rev. 971 (1986).
254. Charney, Jonathan I., Universal International Law, 87 Am. J. Int'l L. 529 (1993).
255. Chin, Mai, Protective Laws and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 15 Women's Rts. L. Reporter 1 (1993).
256. Chinkin, Christine, A GenderedPerspective to the International Use ofForce, 12 Aust.Y.B. lnt'l L. 279 (1992).
257. Chinkin, Christine, Rape and Sexual Abuse of Women in International Law, 5 Eur. J. Int'l L. 326 (1994).
258. Chinkin, Christine M. and Wright, Shelley, "The Hunger Trap: Women, Food, and Self-Determination", 14 Mich. J. Int'l. L. 1052 (1993).
259. Chistiakov, N.F., "The Question of War Crimes at the Nuremberg Trial", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 155.
260. Cipriani, Linda, "Gender and Persecution: Protecting Women Under International Refugee Law", 7 Georgetown Immig. L. J. 511 (1993).
261. Clark, RogerS., "Crimes against Humanity at Nuremberg", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 177.
262. Clark, Roger S., "Codification of the Principles of the Nuremberg Trial and the Subsequent Development of International Law", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 249.
263. Claude, "Just Wars: Doctrines and Institutions", 95 Pol.Science Qrt. 83 (1980).
264. Cohen, Philip J., "Ending the War and Securing Peace in Former Yugoslavia", 6 Pace Int'l L. Rev. 19 (1994).
265. Cook, Rebecca, "International Human Rights Law Concerning Women: Case Notes and Comments", 23 Vand.J. Transnat'l L. 779 (1990).
266. Cook, Rebecca, "Women's International Human Rights Law: The Way Forward", 15 Hum. Rts. Q. 230 (1993).
267. Cook, Rebecca, "International Protection of Women's Reproductive Rights", 24 N.Y.U.J. Int'l L. & Pol. 645 (1992).
268. Cook, Rebecca J., "State Responsibility for Violations of Women's Human Rights", 7 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 125 (1994).
269. Coomaraswamy, Radhika, "To Bellow like a Cow: Women, Ethnicity, and the Discourse of Rights", in (Rebecca J. Cook, ed), Human Rights of Women, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1994, 39.
270. Copelon, Rhonda, "Recognizing the Egregious in the Everyday: Domestic Violence as Torture", 25 Colum. Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 291 (1994).
271. Copelon, Rhonda, "Surfacing Gender: Re-Engraving Crimes Against Women in Humanitarian Law", 5 Hastings Women's L. J. 243 (1994).
272. Copelon, Rhonda, "Surfacing Gender: Reconceptualizing Crimes against Women in Time of War", in (Stiglmayer, ed.), Mass Rape, The War against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Univeristy ofNebraska Press, Lincoln, 1994, 197.
273. Crawford, James, "The ILC's Draft Statute for an International Criminal Tribunal", 88 Am. J. Int'l L. 140 (1994).
274. Crawford, James, "The ILC Adopts a Statute for an International Criminal Court", 89 Am. J. Int'l L. 404 (1995).
275. D'Amato, Anthony, "Trashing Customary International Law", 81 Am. J. Int'l L. 101 (1987).
276. D'Amato, Anthony, "Peace vs. Accountability in Bosnia", 88 Am. J. Int'l L. 500 (1994).
277. Dautricort, J.Y., "The International Criminal Court: The Concept of International Criminal Jurisdiction- Definition and Limitation of the Subject", in (Bassiouni & Nanda, eds), A Treatise on International Crimina/Law, Vol 1, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, 1973, 636.
278. DeFeis, Elizabeth F., "Equity and Equality for Women -- Ratification of International Covenants as a First Step", 3 Seton Hall Constit. L. J. 363 (1993).
279. Deming, Stuart H., "War Crimes and International Criminal Law", 28 Akron L. Rev. 421 (1995).
280. Denno, Deborah W., "Why Rape is Different", 63 Fordham L.Rev. 25 (1994).
281. Destexhe, Alain, "The Third Genocide", 97 Foreign Policy 3 (1994).
282. Dinstein, Yorarn, "A Survey of Self-Defense in International Law", in (Bassiouni & Nanda, eds), A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol 2, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, 1973, 273.
283. Dinstein, Yorarn, "Human Rights in Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law", in (Meron, ed), Human Rights in International Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1984.
284. Donner, Laura A., "Gender Bias in Drafting International Discrimination Conventions: the 1979 Women's Convention Compared with the 1965 Racial Convention", 24 Calif. Western Int'l L. J. 241 (1994).
285. Draper, G.I.A.D., "Wars of National Liberation and War Criminality" in (Howard, ed), Restraints on War, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1979.
286. Draper, G.I.A.D., "The Ethical and Juridical Status of Constraints in War", 55 Mil. L.Rev. 169 (1972).
287. Dripps, Donald A., "Beyond Rape: An Essay on the Difference Between the Presence of Force and the Absence of Consent", 92 Colum. L. Rev. 1780 (1992).
288. Ehard, Dr. Hans, "The Nuremberg Trial Against the Major War Criminals and International Law", in (Benton & Grimm, eds), Nuremberg, Southern Methodist University Press, Dallas, 1955.
289. Elder, "The Rights of Women: Their Status in International Law", 25 Crime & Soc. Just. 1 (1986).
290. Engle, Karen, "International Human Rights and Feminism: When Discourses Meet", 13 Mich. J. Int'l. L. 517 (1992).
291. Engle, Karen, "Female Subjects of Public International Law: Human Rights and the Exotic Other Female", 26 New England L. Rev. 1509 (1992).
292. Etienne, Margareth, "Addressing Gender-Based Violence in an International Context", 18 Harv. Women's L.J. 139 (1995).
293. Evatt, Elizabeth, "Eliminating Discrimination Against Women: The Impact of the UN Convention", 18 Melb. U. L. Rev. 435 (1991).
294. Evered, Timothy C., "An International Criminal Court: Recent Proposals and American Concerns", 6 Pace Int'l L. Rev. 1221 (1994).
295. Felding, Lois E., "Taking the Next Step in the Development of New Human Rights: The Emerging Right of Humanitarian Assistance to Restoring Democracy", 5 Duke J. Comp. & Int'l L. 329 (1995).
296. Filice, Ivana and Vincent, Christine, "Women Refugees from BosniaHerzegovina: Developing a Culturally Sensitive Counselling Framework", 6 Int'l J. of Refugee L. 207 (1994).
297. Fletcher, Laurel; Taylor, Allyn; Fitzpatrick, Joan, "Human Rights Violations Against Women", 15 Whittier L. Rev. 319 (1994).
298. Folnegovic-Smalc, Vera, "Psychiatric Aspects of the Rapes in the War against the Republics of Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina", in (Stiglmayer, ed), Mass Rape, The War against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina, University ofNebraska Press, Lincoln, 1994, 174.
299. Fraser, "Women in International Law", 11 Harv. Women's L.J. 171 (1988).
300. Freedman, Lawrence., "Why the West Failed", 97 Foreign Policy 53 (1994).
301. Galey, Margaret E., "International Enforcement ofWomen's Rights", 6 Hum. Rts. Q. 463 (1984).
302. Gardam, Judith G., "Proportionality and Force in International Law", 87 Am. J. Int'l L. 391 (1993).
303. Gardam, Judith G., "A Feminist Analysis of Certain Aspects of International Humanitarian Law", 12 Aust. Y.B. Int'l L. 265 (1992).
304. Gasser, Hans-Peter, ''Negotiating the 1977 Additional Protocols: was it a waste of time?", in (Delissen & Tanja, eds), Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict: Challenges Ahead, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1991, 81.
305. Gilligan, Carol, "Getting Civilized", 63 Fordham L. Rev. 17 (1994).
306. Ginsburgs, George, "The Nuremberg Trial: Background", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, at 9.
307. Goldberg, Pamela and Kelly, Nancy, "International Human Rights and Violence Against Women", 6 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 195 (1993).
308. Greatbatch, "The Gender Difference: Feminist Critiques of Refugee Discourse", 1 Int'l J. Refugee L. 518 (1989).
309. Green, Leslie C., "What one may do in combat- then and now", (Delissen & Tanja, eds), Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict: Challenges Ahead, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1991, 269.
310. Green, Jennifer; Copelan, Rhonda; Cotter, Patrick; and Stephens, Beth, "Affecting the Rules for the Prosecution of Rape and Other GenderBased Violence Before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: A Feminist Proposal and Critique", 5 Hastings Women's L.J. 171 (1994).
311. Green, L.C., "Command Responsibility in International Humanitarian Law", 5 Transnat'l L. & Contemp. Probs. 319 (1995).
312. Greenwood, Christopher, "The Concept ofW ar in Modem International Law", 36 Int'l & Camp. L. Q. 283 (1987).
313. Greenwood, Christopher, "Customary law status of the 1977 Additional Protocols", in (Delissen & Tanja, eds), Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict: Challenges Ahead, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1991, 93.
314. Greig, D.W., "The Underlying Principles of International Humanitarian Law", 9 Aust.Y.B. Int'l L. 46 (1985).
315. Gulbrandsen, Perry, "A Commentary on the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949", in (Bassiouni & Nanda, eds), A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol 1, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, 1973, 368.
316. Gunning, Isabelle R, "Modernizing Customary Law: The Challenge of Human Rights", 31 Va.J. Int'l L. 211 (1991).
317. Harris, "A Call foan International War Crimes Court: Learning from Nuremberg", 23 Univ. Toledo L. Rev. 229 (1992).
318. Hartigan, "Noncombatant Immunity: Reflections on its Origins and Present Status", 29 The Rev. of Politics 204 (1966).
319. Haslegrave, Marianne, "Women's Rights: The road to the millennium", in (Peter Davies, ed), Human Rights, Routledge, New York, 1988.
320. Hathaway, Carolyne R, "Gender Based Discrimination in Police Reluctance to Respond to Domestic Assault Complaints", 75 Geo. L.J. 667 (1986).
321. Hevener, Natalie Kaufman, "An Analysis of Gender-Based Treaty Law", 8 Hum.Rts. Q. 70 (1986).
322. Higgins, Rosalyn, "The Attitude of Western States Towards Legal Aspects of the Use of Force", in (Cassese, ed), The Current Legal Regulation of the Use of Force, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1986, at 435.
323. Holmes, Marsha R. and St Lawrence Janet S., "Treatment of Rape-Induced Trauma: Proposed Behavioral Conceptualization and Review of the Literature", 3 Clinical Psych. Rev. 417 (1983).
324. Hosken, "Toward a Definition of Women's Human Rights", 3 Hum. Rts. Q. 1 (1981).
325. Hsu, Yvonne Park, "'Comfort Women' From Korea: Japan's World War II Sex Slaves and the Legitimacy of Their Claims for Reparations", 2 Pac. Rim L. & Pol. J. 97 (1993).
326. Jacobson, Roberta, "The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women", in (Alston, ed), The United Nations and Human Rights, A Critical Appraisal, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992, 444.
327. Jescheck, H.H., "International Criminal Law: Its Object and Recent Developments", in (Bassiouni & Nanda, eds), A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, 1973, 49.
328. Junod, "Additional Protocol IT: History and Scope", 33 Am.U.L.Rev. 29 (1983).
329. Kamenov, Tihomir, "The origin of state and entity responsiblity for violations of international hwnanitarian law in armed conflicts, " in (Kalshoven & Sandoz, eds), Implementation of International Humanitarian Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1989.
330. Kapidzic & Daidzic, "BISER: A Conversation with Bosnian Women Living in Exile", 5(1) Hastings Women's L.J. 53 (1994).
331. King, Amy Lou, "Bosnia-Herzegovina--Vance-Owen Agenda for a Peaceful Settlement: Did the U.N. Do Too Little, Too Late, to Support this Endeavor?", 23 Ga. J. Int'l & Comp. L. 347 (1993).
332. Kirgis, "Custom on a Sliding Scale", 81 Am.J.Int'l L. 146 (1987).
333. Koenig, Dorean M., "Women and Rape in Ethnic Conflict and War", 5 Hastings Women's L.J. 129 (1994).
334. Kohn, Elizabeth A., "Rape as a Weapon of War: Women's Hwnan Rights DuringtheDissolutionofYugoslavia", 24 Golden Gate U. L. Rev. 199 (1994) (student author).
335. Kopelman, Elizabeth S., "Ideology and International Law: The Dissent of the Indian Justice at the Tokyo War Crimes Trial", 23 Int'l L. & Politics 373 (1991).
336. Kudriavtsev, V.N., "The Nuremberg Trial and Problems of Strengthening the International Legal Order", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 1.
337. Kunz, Josef L., "The Chatic Status of the Laws fo War and the Urgent Necessity for their Revision, " 45 Am. J. Int'l L 37 (1951).
338. Laber & Nizich, "The War Crimes Tribunal for the Fonner Yugoslavia: Problems and Perspectives", 18 Fletcher Forwn World Affairs 7 (1994).
339. Laifer, Alan C., "Never Again? The 'Concentration Camps' in BosniaHerzegovina: A Legal Analysis of Hwnan Rights Abuses", 2 New Eur. L. Rev. 159 (1994).
340. Landrum, Major Bruce D., "The Yamashita War Crimes Trial: Command Responsibility Then and Now", 149 Mil. L. Rev. 293 (1995).
341. Larin, A. M., "The Trial of the Major War Criminals", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff, 1990, 76.
342. Larin, A.M., "The Verdict of the International Militruy Tribunal", in (Gins burgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 88.
343. Lassen, "Slavery and Slavery-Like Practices: United Nations Standards and Implementation", 57 Nordic J. Int'l L. 197 (1988).
344. Lediakh, I.A., "The Application of the Nuremberg Principles by Other Militruy Tribunals and National Courts", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 263.
345. Lepper, Steven J., "War Crimes and the Protection of Peacekeeping Forces", 28 Akron L. Rev. 411 (1995).
346. Levie, HowardS., "Prosecuting War Crimes Before an International Tribunal", 28 Akron L Rev. 429 (1995).
347. Lukashuk, I.I., "International Illegality and Criminality of Aggression", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 121.
348. Mack, Kathy, "Continuing Barriers to Women's Credibility: A Feminist Perspective on the Proof Process", 4 Criminal Law Forum 327 (1993).
349. MacKinnon, Catharine, "Rape, Genocide, and Women's Human Rights", 17 Harv. Women's L.J. 5 (1994).
350. MacKinnon, Catharine A. "Turning Rape into Pornography: Postmodern Genocide", (Stiglmayer, ed), Mass Rape: The War against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina, UniversityofNebraska Press, Lincoln, 1994, 73.
351. MacKinnon, Catharine A., "Crimes of War, Crimes of Peace", in (Shute & Hurley, eds), On Human Rights, The Oxford Amnesty Lectures 1993, BasicBooks, New York, 1993, 83.
352. McCormick, Timothy L.H. and Simpson, Gerry J., "The International Law Commission's Draft Code of Crimes Against the Peace and Security of Mankind: An Appraisal of the Substantive Provisions", 5 Crim. L. Forum 1 (1994).
353. Meron, Theodor, "The Geneva Conventions as Customary Law", 81 Am.J.Int'l L. 348 (1987).
354. Meron, Theodor, "War Crimes in Yugoslavia and the Development of International Law", 88 Am. J. Int'l L. 78 (1994).
355. Meron, Theodor, "Rape as a Crime under International Humanitarian Law", 87 Am. J. Int'l L. 424 (1993).
356. Meron, Theodor, "The Authority to Make Treaties in the Late Middle Ages", 89 Am. J. Int'l L. 1 (1995).
357. Meron, Theodor, "Shakespeare's Henry the Fifth and the Law of War", 87 Am. J. Int'l L 1 (1992).
358. Meron, Theodor, "Extraterritoriality of Human Rights Treaties", 89 Am. J. Int'l L. 78 (1995).
359. Meron, Theodor, "Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Prohibition of Discrimination Against Women", 84 Am. J. Int'l L 213 (1990).
360. Mertus, Julie, "'Women' in the Service of National Identity", 5(1) Hastings Women's L.J. 5 (1994).
361. Minor, Julie A. (student author), "An Analysis of Structural Weaknesses in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women", 24 Ga. J. Int'l & Comp. L 137 (1994).
362. Morris, Madeline, "By Force of Arms: Rape, War, and Military Culture", 45 DukeL. J. 651 (1996).
363. Morsink, "Women's Rights in the Universal Declaration", 13 Hum. Rts.Q. 229 (1991).
364. Mueller, G.O.W., and Besharov, D., "The Existence of International Criminal Law and Its Evolution to the Point of Its Enforcement Crisis", in (Bassiouni & Nanda, eds), A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol 1, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, 1973, 5.
365. Munch, F., "State Responsibility in International Criminal Law", in (Bassiouni & Nanda, eds), A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol 1, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, 1973, 143.
366. Murphy, John F., "Norms of Criminal Procedure at the International Military Tribunal", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 61.
367. Murphy, John F., "Crimes against Peace at the Nuremberg Trial", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 141.
368. Nanda, V.P., & M.C. Bassiouni, "Slavery and Slave Trade: Steps Toward Eradication", in (Bassiouni & Nanda, eds), A Treatise on International Crimina/Law, Vol 1, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, 1973, 504.
369. Neuwirth, Jessica, "Towards a Gender-Based Approach to Human Rights Violations", 9 Whittier L. Rev. 399 (1987).
370. Nickel, James W., "How Human Rights Generate Duties to Protect and Provide", 15 Hum. Rts. Q. 77 (1993).
371. Nizich, Ivana, "Violations of the Rules of War by Bosnian Croat and Muslim Forces in Bosnia-Hercegovina", 5 Hastings Women's L. J. 25 (1994).
372. Nizich, Ivana, ''No Justice, No Peace: Accountability for Rape and Gender-Based Violence in the Former Yugoslavia", 5 Hastings Women's L.J. 91 (1994), International Human Rights Law Group
373. Nunes, Keith D., "'You Can Run But You Can't Hide': A Case for Criminal Trial Under International Auspices to Persecute the Human Right to Personal Security", 6 Pace Int'l L. Rev. 41 (1994).
374. Nurick, Lester, "The Distinction Between Combatant and Noncombatant in the Law of War", 39 Am J. Int'l L 680 (1945).
375. O'Brien, James, "The International Tribunal for Violations of International Humanitarian Law in the Former Yugoslavia", 87 Am. J. Int'l L. 639 (1993).
376. Oldfield, Sybil, "German Women in the Resistance to Hitler", in (Sian Reynolds, ed), Women, State and Revolution, Wheatsheaf Books, Sussex, 1986, 81.
377. Orentlicher, Diane F., "Settling Accounts: The Duty to Prosecute Human Rights Violations of a Prior Regime", 100 Yale L. J. 2537 (1991).
378. Parin, Paul, "Open Wounds: Ethnopsychoanalytic Reflections on the Wars in the Former Yugoslavia", in (Stiglmayer, ed), Mass Rape: The War against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina, University ofNebraska Press, Lincoln, 1994, 35.
379. Parker, Karen and Chew, Jennifer F., "Compensation for Japan's World War II War-Rape Victims", 17 Hastings Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 497 (1994).
380. Paust, Jordan J., "My Lai and Vietnam: Norms, Myths and Leader Responsibility", 57 Military L. Rev. 99 (1972).
381. Paust, Jordan, "Applicability of International Criminal Laws to Events in the Former Yugoslavia", 9 Am. U. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y (1994)(forthcoming).
382. Pease, Kelly Kate, and Forsythe, David P., "Human Rights, Humanitarian Intervention, and World Politics", 15 Hum. Rts Q. 290 (1993).
383. Pendo, Elizabeth A, "Recognizing Violence Against Women: Gender and the Hate Crimes Statistics Act", 17 Harv. Women's L.J. 157 (1994).
384. Penna, David R, "Customary International Law and Protocol I: An Analysis of Some Provisions", in (Swinarski, ed), Studies and Essays on International Humanitarian Law and Red Cross Principles, Martinus Nijhoff, Geneva 1984, 201.
385. Petrovic, Drazen, "Ethnic Cleansing-- An Attempt at Methodology", 15 EJIL 342 (1994).
386. Pomorski, Stanislaw, "Conspiracy and Criminal Organizations", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 213.
387. Porter, Roy, "Rape-- Does it have a Historical Meaning?", in (Tomaselli & Porter, eds), Rape: An Historical and Social Enquiry, 1987, 216.
388. Pratt, Kathleen M. and Fletcher, Laurel E., "Time for Justice: The Case for International Prosecutions of Rape and Gender-Based Violence in the Former Yugoslavia", 9 Berkeley Women's L.J. 77 (1994).
389. Pratt, Kathleen M. "Rape as a Weapon of War in the Former Yugoslavia", 5 Hastings Women's L.J. 69 (1994).
390. Rauch, Mary Ruffolo, "Rape-- From a Woman's Perspective", 82 Ill. Bar J. 614 (1994).
391. Reanda, Laura, "The Commission on the Status of Women", (Alston, ed), The United Nations and Human Rights, A Critical Appraisal, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992, 265.
392. Reisman, Michael, "Criteria for the Lawful Use of Force in International Law", 10 Yale J. Int'l L. 277 (1985).
393. Reisman, Michael, "Preparing to Wage Peace: Toward the Creation of an International Peacemaking Command and Staff College", 88 Am. J. lnt'l L. 76 (1994).
394. Reshetov, Iu.A., "Responsibility for the Exection of Criminal Orders", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 118.
395. Reshetov, Iu.A., "Internatonal Law and Crimes against the Laws and Customs ofWar", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 167.
396. Reshetov, Iu.A., "Development of Norms of International Law on Crimes Against Humanity", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 199.
397. Roberts, Dorothy E., "Rape, Violence, and Women's Autonomy", 69 Chicago Kent L. Rev. 359 (1993).
398. Roling, B.V., "The Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials in Retrospect", in (Bassiouni & Nanda, eds), A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol 1, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, 1973, 590.
399. Romany, Celina, "Women as Aliens: A Feminist Critique fo the Public/Private Distinction in International Human Rights Law", 6 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 87 (1993).
400. Rubin, Alfred P., "Jus ad bellum and jus cogens: is immorality illegal?", in (Delissen & Tanja, eds), Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict: Challenges Ahead, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1991, 595.
401. Rubin, Alfred P., "An International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia?", 6 Pace Int'l L. Rev. 7 (1994).
402. Rummel, Rudolph J., "Power, Genocide, and Mass Murder", 31 J. Peace Research 1 (1994).
403. Schachter, Oscar, "The Right of States to Use Armed Force", 82 Mich.L.Rev. 1620 (1984).
404. Schachter, Oscar, "United Nations Law", 88 Am. J. Int'l L 1 (1994).
405. Schafran, Lynn Hecht, "Is the Law Male?: Let Me Count the Ways", 69 Chicago-Kent L.Rev. 397 (1994).
406. Schafran, Lynn Hecht, "Maiming the Soul: Judges, Sentencing and the Myth of the Nonviolent Rapist", 20 Fordham Urban L. J. 439 (1993).
407. Scharf, Michael P., "Getting Serious About an International Criminal Tribunal", 6 Pace Int'l L. Rev. 103 (1994).
408. Schindler, "State of War, Belligerency, Armed Conflict", in (Cassese, ed), The New Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict, Editoriale Scientifica, Napoli, 1979, 3.
409. Schutte, Julian J.E., "The system of repression of breaches of Additional Protocol I", in (Delissen & Tanja, eds), Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict: Challenges Ahead, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1991, 177.
410. Seifert, Ruth, "War and Rape: A Preliminary Analysis", in (Stiglmayer, ed), Mass Rape: Ihe War against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Univesity ofNebraska Press, Lincoln, 1994, 54.
411. Shraga, Daphna; Zacklin, Ralph, "The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia", 5 Eur. J. Int'l.L. 360 (1994).
412. Shelton, Dinah, "Improving the Status of Women Through International Law", 9 Whittier L. Rev. 413 (1987).
413. Simma, Bruno and Alston, Philip, "The Sources of Human Rights Law: Custom, Jus Cogens, and General Principles", 12 Aust. Y.B. Int'l L. 82 (1992).
414. Simons, William B., "The Jurisdictional Bases of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), Ihe Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 39.
415. Sinha, Surya Prahash, "Symposium: Should There Be an International Tribunal for Crimes Against Humanity? An Introductory Note", 6 Pace Int'l L. Rev. 1 (1994).
416. Sinha, S.P., "The Position of the Individual in International Criminal Law", in (Bassiouni & Nanda, eds), A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol I, Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, 1973, 122.
417. Smith, Roger W., "Women and Genocide: Notes on an Unwritten History", in Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Oxford University Press in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Vol. 8, No. 3, 1994.
418. Sohn, Louis, "'Generally Accepted' International Rules", 61 Wash.L.Rev. 1073 (1986).
419. Sohn, Louis, "The New International Law: Protection of the Rights of Individuals Rather than States", 32 Am.U.L.Rev. 1 (1982).
420. Stark, Barbara, ''Nurturing Rights: An Essay on Women, Peace and International Human Rights", 13 Mich.J. Int'l L. 144 (1991).
421. Stefan, Susan, "The Protection Racket: Rape Trauma Syndrome, Psychiatric Labeling, and Law", 88 Northwestern U. L. Rev. 1271 (1994).
422. Stephens, Beth, "The Civil Lawsuit as a Remedy for International Human Rights Violations Against Women", 5 Hastings Women's L.J. 143 (1994).
423. Stiglmayer, Alexandra, "The War in the former Yugoslavia", in (Stiglmayer, ed), Mass Rape: The War against Women in BosniaHerzegovina, University ofNebraska Press, Lincoln, 1994, 1.
424. Stiglmayer, Alexandra, "The Rapes in Bosnia-Herzegovina", in (Stiglmayer, ed), Mass Rape: The War against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina, University ofNebraska Press, Lincoln, 1994, 82.
425. Stratton, Lisa C., "The Right to Have Rights: Gender Discrimination in Nationality Laws", 77 Minn. L. Rev. 195 (1992).
426. Strossen, Nadine, "The American Civil Liberties Union and Women's Rights", 66 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1940 (1991).
427. Sullivan, Donna, "Women's Human Rights and the 1993 World Conference on Human Rights", 88 Am. J. Int'l L. 152 (1994).
428. Sullivan, Donna, "Gender Equality and Religous Freedom: Toward a Framework for Conflict Resolution", 24 Int'l L. & Pol. 795 (1992).
429. Tempkin, Jennifer, "Women, Rape and Law Reform", in (Tomaselli & Porter, eds), Rape: An Historical and Social Enquiry, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1986, 16.
430. Thomas, Dorothy Q., and Beasley, Michele E., "Domestic Violence as a Human Rights Issue", 15 Hum. Rts. Q. 36 (1993).
431. Tyagi, Yogesh K., "The Concept of Humanitarian Intervention Revised", 16 Mich. J. Int'l L. 883 (1995).
432. Van Boven, Theo C., "Reliance on norms of humanitarian law by United Nations' organs", in (Delissen & Tanja, eds), Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict: Challenges Ahead, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1991, 495.
433. Vogler, T., "The Defense of"Superior Orders" in International Criminal Law", in (Bassiouni & Nanda, eds), A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol 1, Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, 1973, 619.
434. Waring, Marilyn, "Gender and International Law: Women and the Right to Development", 12 Aust. Y.B. Int'l L. 177 (1992).
435. Warbrick, C.J., "Interim Protection from Genocide", 52 Cambridge L.J. 367 (1993).
436. Warren, Priscilla F., "Women Are Human: Gender-Based Persecution Is a Human Rights Violation Against Women", 5 HastingsWomen's L.J. 281 (1994).
437. Wedgwood, Ruth, "War Crimes in the Former Yugoslavia: Comments on the International War Crimes Tribunal", 34 Va. J. Int'l L. 267 (1994).
438. Weil, "Towards Relative Normativity in International Law?", 77 Am. J. Int'l L. 413 (1983).
439. Weisburd, "Customary International Law: The Problem of Treaties", 21 Vand.J.Int.L. 1 (1988).
440. Wing, Adrien Katherine and Merchan, Sylke, "Rape, Ethnicity, & Culture: Spirit Injury from Bosnia to Black America", 25 Colum. Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 1 (1993).
441. Woetzel, R.K., "War Crimes by Irregular and Nongovernmental Forces", in (Bassiouni & Nanda, eds), A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol 1, Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, 1973, 413.
442. Wright, Shelley, "Economic Rights and Social Justice: A Feminist Analysis of Some International Human Rights Conventions", 12 Austl. Y.B. Int'l L. 241 (1992)
443. Wyngaert, Christine van den, "The suppression of war crimes under Additional Protocol 1", in (Delissen & Tanja, eds), Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict: Challenges Ahead, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1991, 197.
444. Zalihic-Kaurin, Azra, "The Muslim Woman", in (Stiglmayer, ed), Mass Rape: The War against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Univeristy of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 1994, 170.
445. Zoller, Elisabeth, "The Status of Individuals under International Law", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 99.
446. Zoller, Elisabeth, "Grounds for Responsibility", in (Ginsburgs & Kudriavtsev, eds), The Nuremberg Trial and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1990, 102.
447. Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina, "Rape and sexual abuse by armed forces", January 1993, AI Index: EUR 63/01/93
448. Amnesty International, "Human Rights Are Women's Rights", New York, 1995, 152 pages.
449. Amnesty International, "Yugoslavia: Women Under the Gun", Amnesty Action, Spring 1993.
450. Amnesty International, "Women in the front line", AI Index: ACT 77/01/91, March 1991.
451. Amnesty International, "Bosnia-Herzegovina, Gross abuses of human rights", AI Index: EUR 63/01/92, October 1992.
452. Amnesty International, "Yugoslavia: Torture and deliberate and arbitrary killings in war zones", AI Index: EUR48/26/91, November 1991.
453. "Chronicle of the Downfall of Yugoslavia 1973-1993", Rullmann, Hans Peter (ed), in That Was Yugoslavia, Information and Facts, Nr. 1-3, 1994, Hamburg, Germany (booklet)
454. Council of Europe, Collection of the Council of Europe's Work Relating to Equality Between Men and Women (1950-1988) (Strasbourge, European Committee for Equality Between Men and Women, 2nd ed. 1989) 329 pages.
455. Dallmeyer, Dorinda G. (ed.), "Reconceiving Reality: Women and International Law" (Washington, American Society of International Law 1993) 283 pages.
456. Dolgopol, Ustinia & Paranjape, Snehal, "Comfort Women: The Unfinished Ordeal" Preliminary Report (1993).
457. Human Rights Watch, Helsinki, "Prosecute Now! Eight Cases for War Crimes Tribunal on Former Yugoslavia", Aug. 1, 1993, Vol5, Issue 12.
458. Human Rights Watch, Helsinki, "War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina: Bosanski Samac, Six War Criminals Named by Victims of 'Ethnic Cleansing"', April 1994, Vol. 6, No. 5.
459. International Women's Rights Action Watch, CEDA W # 13: "A Report on the Thirteenth Session of the committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women" (1994) 47 pages.
460. International Women's Rights Action Watch, "Philippine 'Comfort Women' Compensation Suit, Excerpts of the Complaint", Task Force on Filipino Comfort Women; Japanese Committee for the Filippino Comfort Women, 1993.
461. "Instructions for the Government of the United States in the Field by Order of the Secretary of War", in Washington DC, 24 April 1863 (Lieber Code).
462. Convention With Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land, The Hague, 26 July 1899, 26 Martens (2d) 949; 32 Stat. 1803; T.S. No. 403. Reprinted in 1 AJIL 129 (1907)(Supp); 1 Friedman 221; Schindler/Toman 57 (1899 Hague Convention II).
463. Convention Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, The Hague, 18 Oct. 1907, 3 Martens (3d) 461; 36 Stat. 2277; T.S.No. 539. Reprinted in 2 AJIL 90 (1908)(Supp); 1 Bevans 631; 1 Friedman 308 (1907 Hague Convention IV).
464. Treaty of Peace with Germany, signed at Versailles, 28 June 1919, 11 Martens Nouveau Recueil (3rd) 323, entered into force 10 Jan. 1920 (Treaty of Versailles).
465. General Treaty for the Renunciation ofW ar as an Instrument ofN ational Policy, Signed at Paris on 27 August 1928; entered into force on 25 July 1929. 94 LNTS 57; 46 Stat. 2343; T.S. No. 796 (Briand- Kellogg Pact or Pact of Paris).
466. The Moscow Conference, October 19-30, 1943, 1 November 1943, 1943 For. Rei. (I) 749 at 768. Reprinted in 38 AJIL 3, at 7 (1944)(Supp.); 3 Bevans 816, at 834 (Declaration of German Atrocities).
467. Declaration of General Security, signed at Moscow 30 Oct. 1943, 9 U.S. Dep't State Bulletin 308 (1943), entered into force 30 Oct. 1943 (Moscow Declaration of 1943).
468. The Teheran Conference, 1 December 1943, Dep't of State Bull. 409-410 (Dec. 11, 1943).
469. Reprinted in 1943 For. Rei. 640; 3 Bevans 859; A. Decade of American Foreign Policy: Basic Documents 1941-1949 22-22 (1985)(Declaration of the Three Powers).
470. Charter of the United Nations, June 26, 1945, 59 Stat. 1031, T.S. No. 993, 3 Bevans 1153.
471. Statute of the International Court of Justice, June 26, 1945, 59 Stat. 1055, T.S. No. 993, 3 Bevans 1179.
472. Agreement for the Prosecution and Punishment of Major War Criminal of the European Axis, London, 8 August 1945, 8 U.N.T.S. 279; 59 Stat. 1544, 8AS No. 472. Reprinted in 39 AJIL 257 (1945)(Supp); 1 Ferencz 454; 1 Friedman 863; Schindler/Toman 823. (London Agreement); Annex, Charter of the International Military Tribunal, 8 Aug. 1945 (IMT Charter).
473. Allied Control Council Law No. 10 Punishment of Persons Guilty of War Crimes, Crimes Agaisnt Peace and Humanity, 20 Dec. 1945, Official Gazette ofthe Control Council for Germany, No.3, Berlin, 31 Jan. 1946 (Control Council Law No. 10).
474. International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Proclaimed at Tokyo, 19 Jan. 1946 and amended 26 Apr. 1946, TIAS No. 1589 (entered into force 19 Jan. 1946), Annex, Charter of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (Tokyo) (IMTFE Charter).
475. United Nations General Assembly Resolution in Affirmation of the Principles of International Law Recognized by the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal, 11 Dec. 1946, UNGA Res 95, 1 UN GAOR (Part II) at 188; UN Doc A/64/Add.1 (1946), Reprinted in 2 Friedman 1027.
476. Statute of the International Law Commission, GA Res. 174 (II) of 21 Nov. 1947, as amended aby GA Res. 485 M of 12 Dec. 1950, GA Res. 984 (X) of3 Dec. 1955, GA Res. 985 (X) of3 Dec. 1955, GA Res. 1103 (XI) of 18 Dec. 1956 and GA Res. 1647 (XVI) of 6 Nov. 1961. See also UN Doc A.CN.4/4/Rev. 1.
477. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, December 10, 1948, U.N. G.A. Res. 217 (III 1948).
478. Final Report to Secretary of the Army of the Nuernberg War Crimes Trials Under Control Council Law No. 10, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1949.
479. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 9 Dec. 1948, 78 UNTS 277, GA Res. 2670
480. Geneva Convention (I) For the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Anned Forces in the Field, 12 August 1949, 75 UNTS 31; 6 UST 3114; TIAS No. 3362. Reprinted in 1 Friedman 525; Schindler/Toman 305.
481. Geneva Convention (II) the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Anned Forces at Sea, 12 August 1949, 75 UNTS 85; 6 UST 3217; TIAS No. 3363. Reprinted in 1 Friedman 570; Schindler/Toman 333.
482. Geneva Convention (III) Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 12 August 1949, 75 UNTS 135; 6 UST 3316; TIAS No. 3364. Reprinted in 1 Friedman 589; Schindler/Toman 355.
483. Geneva Convention (IV) Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persosn in Time ofWar, 12 August 1949, 75 UNTS 287; 6 UST 3516; TIAS No. 3365. Reprinted in 1 Friedman 641; Schindler/Toman 427.
484. Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation ofthe Prostitution of Others, GA Res. 317 (N), Dec. 2, 1949.
485. European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, November 4, 1950, 312 UNTS 221, ETS 5, as amended by Protocol No. 3, ETS 45, Protocol No. 5, ETS 55, and Protocol No. 8, ETS 118.
486. Principles of International Law Recognized in the Charter of the Nuremberg Tribunal and in the Judgment of the Tribunal, adopted at Geneva, 29 July 1950; 5 UN GAOR Supp (No. 12), 11; UN Doc A/1316 (1950). Reprinted in 4 AJIL 126 (1950)(Supp); 2 Ferencz 235.
487. Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, ECOSOC Res. 608 (XXI), April30, 1956.
488. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, December 16, 1966, 999 UNTS. 171.
489. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, December 16, 1966, 993 UNTS 3; Annex toGA Res. 2200 (XXI).
490. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, March 7, 1966, 660 UNTS 195; Annex toGA Res. 2106-A.
491. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1155 UNTS 331, 23 May 1969; 63 AJIL 875 (1969). UN Doc A/CONF. 39/27, Forth Annex; 8 ILM 1969, pp 679.
492. Declaration on the Protection ofWomen and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict, GA Res 3318 (XXIX), Dec 14, 1974
493. Protocol (I) Additonal to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, June 8, 1977, 1125 UNTS 3; 12 Dec. 1977, UN Doc A/32/144 Annex I.
494. Protocol Additonal (II) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts, June 8, 1977, 1125 UNTS 609; 12 Dec. 1977, UN Doc A/32/144 Annex II.
495. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, Sept. 3, 1981, GA Res 34/180, 34 UN GAOR Supp. (no. 46) 193, Annex toGA Res. 34/180; UN Doc A/RES/34/180 (1980), 19 ILM. 33 (1980).
496. Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Annex toGA Res. 39/46; as reprinted in 23 ILM 1027 (Dec. 10 1984), as modified, 24 ILM 535 (1985).
497. Declaration on Elimination of Violence Against Women, Dec. 21, 1993, Res 48/104.
498. UN Doc S/25704, 3 May 1993, Report of the Secretary-General Pursuant to Paragraph 2 of Security Council Resolution 808 (1993). Annex, Statute of the International Tribunal for the Fonner Yugoslavia (ICTY Statute).
499. SC Res 827, 25 May 1993, establishing The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) established to prosecute "Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991".
500. UN Doc E/CN.4/1994/5, 30 June 1993, Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, "Rape and abuse of women in the territory of the former Yugoslavia", Report of the Secretary-General.
501. Contemporary Forms of Slavery, Preparatory document submitted by Mrs. Linda Chavez on the question of systematic rape, sexual slavery and slavery-like practices during wartime, UN Doc E/CN.4/Sub.2/1993/44 (7 Sept. 1993).
502. Situation of Human Rights in The Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, UN Doc E.CN.4/1993/50 (1993).
503. Report by Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Commission on Human Rights.
504. UN Doc E/CN.4/1994/110, 21 February 1994, Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, Sixth periodic report on the situation of human rights in the territory of the former Yugoslavia submitted by Mr. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, pursuant to paragraph 32 of Commission resolution 1993/7 of23 February 1993.
505. UN Doc A/48/858, 29 January 1994, General Assembly, Rape and abuse of women in the areas of armed conflict in the former Yugoslavia, Report of the Secretary-General UN Doc S/1994/674, 27 May 1994, Annex, Final Report of the Commission of Experts Established Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (Yugoslavia).
506. SC Res 935 (Jul. 1, 1994), established the Commission of Experts for Rwanda.
507. UN Doc S/1994/1125, Annex, 4 October 1994, Preliminary report of the Independent Commission of Experts established in accordance with Security Council resolution 935 (1994).
508. UN Doc S/1994/1405, Annex, ---Final Report of the Commission of Experts on Rwanda.
509. SC Res 955, (Nov. 8, 1994) the Security Council established an International Tribunal for the "Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan citizens responsible for genocide and other violations committed in the territory of neighbouring States, between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994". (See also UN Doc S/1168.) Annex, Statute of International Tribunal for Rwanda.
510. UN Doc IT/87, 14 November 1994, Address of Antonio Cassese, President of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, to the General Assembly of the United Nations 14 November 1994.
511. Campbell, Beatrix, "The New World Order of Intimate Warfare", The Independent (UK), April28, 1993, p. 22.
512. Coward, Ros, "In mad, macho Bosnia, women fight for a voice", The Age (Melbourne, Australia), August 8, 1995, p. 11.
513. D’Alpuget, Blanche, "A Crack in the Human Heart", The Australian Magazine, _1993, p. 36.
514. Hills, Ben, "For the Comfort of Strangers, A Journey Into Hell", The Age, July 22, 1994, p. 13.
515. Jackson, James O., "Unfinished Business", Time, June 22, 1994, p. 17.
516. Lewis, Paul, "South African Judge Is to Lead Balkan War-Crimes Prosecution", in New York Times, July 9, 1994, p. A-3.
517. MacKinnon, Catharine A., "Turning Rape Into Pornography: Postmodem Genocide", Ms., July/August 1993, p. 24.
518. Morrow, Lance, "Unspeakable", Time (Australia), Feb. 22, 1993, p. 48.
519. Nelan, Bruce W., "Tears and Terror", Time (Australia), July 24, 1995, p. 26.
520. Prentice, Eve-Ann, "Serb accused of camp torture faces war crimes trial", in The Australian, April28, 1995, p. 7.
521. Sowers, Leslie, "Angered into Action: Use of Rape as a War Tactic in the Bosnian Conflict Has Prompted Muslim Women to Unite in Rare Public Protect", Houston Chronicle, June 8, 1993, p. 1.