‘Blood and Friendship’: The Earl of Essex's Protection of the Earl of Clanricarde's Interests, 1641–6

English Historical Review

Volumn 112, Issue 448, 1997, Pages 927-941

  Little, Patrick ^a  

^a History of Parliament Trust   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 85191050260     PISSN: 00138266     EISSN: 14774534     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ehr/CXII.448.927     Document Type: Note

References (92)

1. Mercurius Aulicus, xxi (21-7 May 1643), 271-2, 22 May 1643: Bfritish] Lfibrary] £.105(12).
2. J. S. A. Adamson, 'Chivalry and Political Culture in Caroline England', in K. Sharpe and P. Lake (ed.), Culture and Politics in Early Stuart England (London, 1994), pp. 161-97, at 167, 169, 183, 187.
3. r: Lord Tunbridge (later fifth Earl of Clanricarde) to Earl of Essex, 9 Aug. 1633. This match reinforced the connection between the Bourkes and the Devereux, as Essex had taken Winchester's niece as his second wife in 1630: see V. F. Snow, Essex the Rebel: The Life of Robert Devereux, jrd Earl of Essex, 1591-1646 (Lincoln, Nebraska, 1970), p. 18 j .
4. r: report by Sir Benjamin Rudyerd, 7 Dec. 1639 (C[alendar of]S[tate] P[apers]D[omesticSeries] Additional] 1625-49, p. 746); and Lady Dorothy said she had 'a too sensible memorie of my husbandes promises to my Lo: of St Albans, and others, to make my ioynture competent': PRO, SP 16/377, f°-216', petition of Lady Dorothy Shirley, ?i637.
5. r: fifth Earl of Clanricarde to Earl of Essex, 7 June 1637; W. D. Knowler (ed.), The Earl of Strafforde's Letters and Despatches (Dublin, 1740), ii. 155.
6. Sheffield Central Library, Wentworth Woodhouse Muniments, Strafford MS 15 (279): Earl of Danby to Viscount Wentworth, 27 Nov. 163 5. For a general account of Wentworth's activities during the Connaught plantation, see H. F. Kearney, Strafford in Ireland, 16JJ-41: A Study in Absolutism (2nd edn., Cambridge, 1989), ch. 9.
7. j . Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, ed. W. D. Macray (6 vols., Oxford, 1888), i. 197-8.
8. The coordination of Clanricarde's activities with those of his English friends and relatives (especially the Earl of Essex) at this time, is discussed in P. J. S. Little, 'Family and Faction: The Irish Aristocracy and the English Court, 1632-42' (Univ. of Dublin, M.Litt thesis, 1992), ch.4.
9. BL, Add. MS 46188 (Jessop Papers), fo. 158': Earl of Clanricarde to the Earl of Essex, 13 Sept. 1641.
10. Snow, Essex the Rebel, pp. 31 o-1.
11. r: Earl of Clanricarde to Earl of Ormond, 9 Dec. 1641.
12. Ulick de Burgh, Earl of Clanricarde (ed.), The Memoirs of Ulick, Marquiss of Clanricarde and Earl of St Albans (Dublin, 1757) [hereafter: Clanricarde's Memoirs, 1641-3], p. 49 (12 Dec. 1641).
13. Ibid., p.62 (23 Jan. 1642).
14. Ibid., p. 146 (22 May 1642).
15. V. F. Snow and A. S. Young (ed.), Private Journals of the Long Parliament, 2 June - 17 Sept. 1642 (Yale, 1991), p. 126 (24 June 1642).
16. Ibid., p. 131 (Roger Hill's diary, 24 June).
17. Journals of the House of Commons [hereafter CJ] ii. 637, 638, 640; the sixth and seventh propositions were violently anti-Catholic: see CJ, ii. 600.
18. Clanricarde's Memoirs, 1641-3, p. 181.
19. CJ, ii. 300; Journals of the House of Lords [hereafter LJ], IV. 417.
20. Bodleian, MS Carte ii, fo. 164: copy of order of the House of Lords, ?29 Nov. 1641; Clanricarde Memoirs, 1641-3, p. 47; LJ, iv. 455-6.
21. CJ, ii. 327; Bodleian, MS Cane ii, fo. 164: copy of order of House of Lords, 29 Nov. 1641.
22. C/,ii. 366.
23. . O . Ogle and W. H. Bliss (ed.). Calendar of the Clarendon State Papers in the Bodleian Library (3 vols., Oxford, 1872) i. 223; CJ, ii. 415.
24. Clanricarde Memoirs, 1641-3, p . 14: Clanricarde to Essex, 15 Nov. 1641. Ibid, p. 48: Order of Parliament, 1 Dec. 1641; L], iv. 458. This armour had been taken to Berwick by Clanricarde in the First Bishops'War of 1639.
25. V. F. Snow and A. S. Young (ed.), Private Journals of the Long Parliament, 7 Mar. - 1 June 1642 (Yale, 1987), p. 4.
26. LJ, iv.633.
27. CJ, ii. 477-
28. H[istorical] Manuscripts] C[ommission] Franciscan MSS, p. 142.
29. r {CSPD, 1641-3, p. 80).
30. BL, Add. MS 46188 (Jessop Papers), fo. 158': Earl of Clanricarde to Earl of Essex, 13 Sept. 1641.
31. Caroline Hibbard, Charles I and the Popish Plot (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1983), p. 217.
32. LJ, iv. 446-7.
33. Clanricarde Memoirs, 1641-3, p. 49.
34. Z./.V.452.
35. Ibid., 456.
36. Clanricarde Memoirs, 1641-j, p. 340 (6 Feb. 1643).
37. HMC;th Report, p. 58; LJ, v. 456.
38. Infra, p. 938.
39. Jonack Bourke, the son of one Thomas Bourke, seems to have been a legal protege of Clanricarde in London; when he was admitted to Lincoln's Inn, William Donnellan, brother of the Earl's Galway steward, acted as manucaptor, or surety: Lincoln's Inn Library, Admission Book vii (1640-56), fo. y. I owe this reference to Dr Jason Peacey.
40. LJ, iv. 427-8.
41. j . Ibid., 427, 433,445.
42. Clanricarde Memoirs, 1641-3, p. 39.
43. HMC House ofLords MSS, xi. 259-61.
44. Clanricarde Memoirs, 1641-3, p. 341.
45. Ibid.; Thomas Carte, Life of James, Duke of Ormond (6 vols., Oxford, 1851), v. 380-1: King's commission, 11 Jan. 1643. Ibid., 390-1: Earl of Ormond to Earl of Clanricarde, 3 Feb. 1643.
46. For Thomas Bourke see Clanricarde Memoirs, 1641-3, pp. 25, 38, 49, 145, 339. This Thomas Bourke may have been the father of Jonack (see supra, p. 933, n. 3).
47. Carte, Ormond, v. 390: Earl of Ormond to Earl of Clanricarde, 3 Feb. 1643.
48. J. H. Hexter, The Reign of King Pym (Harvard, 1941), pp. 20-1.
49. J. F. Wadmore, 'Tonbndge Castle and its Lords', Arcbaeologia Cantiana, xvi (1886), 56-7.
50. Petition ofThomas Brewer and others to Parliament, against John Bradsham, dated Dec. 1654: BL, 669, 19 (55).
51. LJ, vi. 51,53.
52. House of Lords Record Office, Main Papers, 18 May 1643 (HMC;5th Report, appendix, p. 86).
53. CJ, iii. 88, 89, 90, 91; Hexter, The Reign of King Pym, pp. 113-4.
54. Mercurius Aulicus, xxi (21-7 May 1643), 271-2: 22 May 1643: BL, £.105(12).
55. CJ, iii. 307.
56. Ibid., 312.
57. J. Lowe(ed.), The Letterbook of the Earl of Clanricarde, 1643-7 (Irish MSS Commission, Dublin, 1983) [hereafter: Clanricarde's Letterbook, 1643-7}, P- 3S-
58. Ibid.
59. Snow, Essex the Rebel, pp. 375-6.
60. Ibid., pp. 402-3, 418-9.
61. Ibid., pp. 4 5 7-470. On Essex and the political crisis of 1644-5, see J. S. A. Adamson, "The Baronial Context of the English Civil War', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser., xl (1990), 93-120, at 105-115.
62. Snow, Essex the Rebel, pp. 475-6.
63. BL, Add. MS 46188 (Jessop Papers), fo. 158': Earl of Clanricarde to Earl of Essex, 13 Sept. 1641.
64. According to Clarendon, 'the earl of Essex, who was trusted with the earl of St Alban's proxy, would very frequently in the agitation of business give his own vote one way and his proxy the other way, saying that he knew it was the mind of him who trusted him': History of the Rebellion, ed. Macray, 1. 413 n.
65. Snow, Essexthe Rebel, p.476; C. V. Wedgwood, The King's War, 1641-7 (London, 1958), p. 432.
66. Snow, Essex the Rebel, p. 477.
67. r: Order of the House of Commons, 26 Sept. 1645.
68. r
69. Ibid., fos. 163-4.
70. r; W. D. Christie, A Life of Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (1621-85), (2 vols., London, 1871)1, appendix i, p. xxxvi: Earl of Shaftesbury's diary, 10 July 1646.
71. HMC Bath (Longleat) MSS, v. 219.
72. HMC Portland MSS, i. 394.
73. BL, Add. MS 46189 (Jessop Papers), fo. 128: notes by William Jessop?
74. r (7 May 1647).
75. Clement Walker, Anarchia Anglicana, or the History of the Independency, the Second Part (London, 1661), p.258: BL, £.1052(2).
76. M. A. E. Green (ed.), Calendar of the Committee for Compounding, 1643-60 (5 vols., London, 1889-92),i. 146-7(15 Aug. 1649); Petition ofThomas Brewer and others to Parliament, against John Bradshaw, dated Dec. 1654: BL, 669 f19(5 5).
77. Snow, Essex the Rebel, pp. 310-1.
78. Mercurius Aulicus xlvi (12-19 Nov. 1643), 207: 15 Nov. 1643: BL, £.77(18).
79. J. S. A. Adamson, "Strafford's Ghost: The British Context of Viscount Lisle's Lieutenancy of Ireland', in J. H. Ohlmeyer (ed.), Ireland from Independence to Occupation, 1641-1660 (Cambridge, •995). PP- 128-159, at 131-2.
80. Clanricarde's Memoirs, 1641—3, p. 339: Thomas Bourke to Earl of Clanricarde, 6 Feb. 1643.
81. Essex was already a friend of Richard Harding: see M. F. Keeler (ed.), The Long Parliament 1640-1: A Biographical Study of its Members (Philadelphia, 1954), p. 202. For Essex's reply, see Bodleian, MS Nalson iii, fos. 244-5 (8 Aug. 1644).
82. D. L. Smith, "The More Posed and Wise Advice: The Fourth Earl of Dorset and the English Civil Wars', HistoricalJournal, xxxvi (1991), 814,821-2. There is also evidence that Essex was protecting the Earl of Sussex's estates at Gorhambury in early 1643: see Snow, Essex the Rebel, p. 352.
83. J. S. A. Adamson,'The Peerage in Politics, 1645-9'(Univ. of Cambridge, PhD thesis, 1986), p. 127.
84. For Essex's role in peace efforts see D. L. Smith, Constitutional Royalism and the Search for Settlement, c. 1640-1649 (Cambridge, 1994), pp. 111 - 12, 116, 117-20.
85. Ibid., pp. 111-120, 172-4; Adamson, 'Baronial Context', p. 109-115.
86. For the attitude of newsbook writers to the Earl of Essex, see J. T. Peacey, 'Henry Parker and Parliamentary Propaganda in the English Civil Wars' (Univ. of Cambridge, PhD thesis, 1994), esp. ch. 4.1 am grateful to Dr Peacey for discussions of this issue.
87. PRO, SP 20/1 (Order Book of the Committee for Sequestration of Delinquents' Estates, Mar. 1643-Nov. 1645), p. 13.1 owe this reference to Dr David Scott.
88. Smith, "The More Posed and Wise Advice', pp. 820-1.
89. Adamson, 'The Peerage in Polities', pp. 29, 31.
90. M. A. E. Green (ed.), Calendar of the Committee for Advance of Money, 1642-56 (3 vols., London, 1888), i. 295; Adamson, 'The Peerage in Polities', p. 12.
91. Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, MS U. I, 6 (Household Accounts, 1641-86), unfol., Robert Scawen's accounts for buildings and reparations, 1647 and 1648. Antrim had acquired an interest in York House on his marriage to the widow of the first Duke of Buckingham; payments were made, by assignment, to one Mr Smithsby, who was one of Antrim's creditors. I am grateful to Dr Jane Ohlmeyer for her comments on this point.
92. See especially R. Cust, 'Honour, Rhetoric and Political Culture: the Earl of Huntingdon and his enemies', in S. D. Amussen and M. A. Kishlansky (ed.), Political Culture in Early Modem England: Essays Presented to David Underdown (Manchester, 1995), pp. 84-111.