Consociation and its critics: Northern Ireland after the belfast agreement

Constitutional Design for Divided Societies: Integration or Accommodation?

Volumn , Issue , 2023, Pages 369-408

  McGarry, John ^a   O'Leary, Brendan ^b  

^a QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85186994467     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (90)

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4. Aaron Edwards, Interpreting the Conflict in Northern Ireland, 6 Ethnopolitics 139(2007).
5. see John McGarry & Brendan O'Leary, Power-Shared after Deaths of Thousands, in Northern Ireland Problem, Consociational Solution?: McGarry-O'Leary and Their Critics (forthcoming 2008).
6. John McGarry & Brendan O'Leary, The Northern Ireland Conflict: Consociational Engagements 272-279 (Oxford Univ. Press 2004).
7. Exponents and critics can be found in The Republican Ideal: Current Perspectives (Norman Porter ed., Blackstaff Press 1998).
8. Dennis Kennedy, Dash for Agreement: Temporary Accommodation or Lasting Settlement?, 22 Fordham Int'l L.J. 1440 (1999).
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11. Rupert Taylor, Consociation or Social Transformation?, in Northern Ireland and the Divided World: Post-Agreement Northern Ireland in Comparative Perspective 37, 47 (John McGarry ed., Oxford Univ. Press 2001).
12. Joseph Ruane & Jennifer Todd, The Dynamics of Conflict in Northern Ireland: Power, Conflict and Emancipation ch. 11 (Cambridge Univ. Press 1996).
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27. Donald L. Horowitz, Ethnic Groups in Conflict 572-573 (Univ. Cal. Press 1985).
28. Lijphart, Democracy in Plural Societies, at 143-145.
29. See Brendan O'Leary, The Anglo-Irish Agreement: Statecraft or Folly?, 10 W. Eur. Pol. 5(1987).
30. Brendan O'Leary, The Belfast Agreement and the Labour Government: How to Handle and Mishandle History's Hand, in The Blair Effect: The Blair Government 1997-2001, at 448 (Anthony Seldon ed., Little, Brown & Co. 2001).
31. Paul Arthur, Special Relationships: Britain, Ireland and the Northern Ireland Problem (Black staff Press 2000).
32. Conor O'Clery, The Greening of the White House: The Inside Story of How America Tried to Bring Peace to Ireland (Gill & Macmillan 1996).
33. George C. Mitchell, Making Peace (Univ. Cal. Press 2000).
34. Roger MacGinty, American Influence on the Northern Ireland Peace Process, 14 J. Conflict Stud. 31, 34(1997).
35. See Andrew Wilson, From Beltway to Belfast: The Clinton Administration, Sinn Féin, and the Northern Ireland Peace Process, 1 New Hibernia Rev. 23(1997).
36. See John McCormick, A Directory of Murals, Album 23, No. 762, available at http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/mccormick/album23.htm (last visited on Aug. 27, 2007).
37. Fourteenth Report of the Independent Monitoring Commission, Mar. 12, 2007, available at http://www.independentmonitoringcommission.org/documents/uploads/14th_IMC_Report. pdf.
38. Gary K. Peatling, The Failure of the Northern Ireland Peace Process (Irish Acad. Press 2004).
39. Robin Wilson, Making the Agreement Stick: Prospects for Peace in Northern Ireland, 17 Renewal 20(1999)
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43. Henry Patterson, What Victory of the Extremes Means for All of Us, Irish Independent, May 7, 2005.
44. Kevin Myers, This Latest Northern Deferral is Part of the Dance of Deception, Irish Independent, Mar. 27, 2007
45. Republican Sinn Fein, No New Era Yet, The Blanket, Mar. 27, 2007.
46. John McGarry & Brendan O'Leary, Stabilising Northern Ireland's Agreement, 75 Pol. Q. 213, 220(2004).
47. Police Service of Northern Ireland, Security Statistics, available at http://www.psni.police.uk/index/statistics_branch/pg_security_stats.htm (last visited Aug. 27, 2007).
48. See also Northern Ireland Tourist Board, Fact-Finder Japanese Market, available at http://www.nitb.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1271 (last visited Aug. 27, 2007).
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50. Jeffrey Stinson, Peace (Finally) at Hand in Northern Ireland?, USA Today, Mar. 19, 2007, available at http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-03-19-cover-northern-ireland_N.htm.
51. Calculated from David McKittrick et al., Lost Lives: The Stories of the Men, Women and Children who Died as a Result of the Northern Ireland Troubles, tbl. 2 (Mainstream Publ'g 1999).
52. David McKittrick, UVF "Deactivates" and Agrees to Put Weapons "Beyond Reach", The Independent, May 4, 2007.
53. David McKittrick, Northern Ireland.: The Longest Tour of Duty is Over, The Independent, Aug. 4, 2007, available at http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/ulster/article2819591.ece.
54. Paul Mitchell, Brendan O'Leary & Geoffrey Evans, Northern Ireland.: Flanking Extremists Bite the Moderates and Emerge in Their Clothes, 54 Parliamentary Aff. 725(2001).
55. Brendan O'Leary, The Limits to Coercive Consociationalism in Northern Ireland, 37 Pol. Stud. 452(1989).
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57. Fire has Gone Out of Election, Irish News, Feb. 27, 2007.
58. Tough Talk is Losing its Edge as Ulster's Election Trail Goes Cold, The Times, Mar. 1, 2007.
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63. Joanne McEvoy, The Institutional Design of Executive Formation in Northern Ireland, 16 Reg'l & Fed. Stud. 447, 454(2006).
64. Donald L. Horowitz, Making Moderation Pay: The Comparative Politics of Ethnic Conflict Management, in Conflict and Peacemaking in Multiethnic Societies 451-475 (Joseph P. Montville ed., Lexington 1989).
65. Sumantra Bose, Bosnia after Dayton: Nationalist Partition and International Intervention 233 (Oxford Univ. Press 2002).
66. Brendan O'Leary, More Green, Fewer Orange, Fortnight, Feb. 1990
67. Brendan O'Leary & John McGarry, The Politics of Antagonism: Understanding Northern Ireland 192 (Athlone 1993).
68. See, e.g., E. Moxon-Browne, National Identity in Northern Ireland, in Social Attitudes in Northern Ireland: The First Report 23 (Peter Stringer & Gillian Robinson eds., Blackstaff 1991)
69. Karen Trew, National Identity, in Social Attitudes in Northern Ireland: The Fifth Report 140 (Richard Breen, Lizanne Dowds & Paula Devine eds., Appletree 1996).
70. Feargal Cochrane, Unsung Heroes? The Role of Peace and Conflict Resolution Organizations in the Northern Ireland Conflict, in Northern Ireland and the Divided World, at 137, 153.
71. Ian O'Flynn, Democratic Values and Power-sharing, in Power-Sharing: New Challenges for Divided Societies 17-18, 23 (Ian O'Flynn & David Russell ed., Pluto 2005)
72. Paul Dixon, Why the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland is not Consociational, 76 Pol. Q. 357, 358-359(2005).
73. See John McGarry & Brendan O'Leary, Iraq's Constitution of2005: Liberal Consociation as Political Prescription (in this volume).
74. I. Dawisha & Karen Dawisha, How to Build a Democratic Iraq, 82 Foreign Aff. 36, 45(2003).
75. Brendan O'Leary, Bernard Grofman & Jorgen Elklit, Divisor Methods for Sequential Portfolio Allocation in Multi-party Executive Bodies: Evidence from Northern Ireland and Denmark, 49 Am. J. Pol. Sci. 198, 198(2005).
76. John McGarry & Brendan O'Leary, Explaining Northern Ireland: Broken Images 373-375 (Blackwell Publ'g 1995).
77. See Civic Forum Invite Issued, UTV Newsroom, May 31, 2007, available at http://www.u.tv/newsroom/indepth.asp?pt=n&id=82600 (last visited Aug. 29, 2007).
78. More generally, see Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights (Oxford Univ. Press 1995).
79. Robert McCartney, Devolution is a Sham, Observer, Feb. 20, 20003
80. Robert McCartney, This is a Situation Hardly Calculated to Produce Either Clarity or Truth, Belfast Telegraph, Oct. 26, 2006 [hereinafter McCartney, This is a Situation].
81. Patrick Roche, A Stormont Without Policy, Belfast Telegraph, Mar. 30, 2000.
82. Cedric Wilson, Rejection of the Belfast Agreement is Entirely Compatible with the Unionist Commitment to "Equal Citizenship", Belfast Telegraph, Oct. 28, 2003.
83. John O'Farrell, Today, We have Agreed, New Statesman, Apr. 2, 2007.
84. Robin Wilson, Devolved Government Must Ad-dress Democratic Reform, Irish Times, April 19, 2007.
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86. David Adams, Assembly Needs an Opposition, The Blanket, Mar. 16, 2007.
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89. See Daniel M. Weinstock, The Real World of (Global) Democracy, 37 J. Soc. Phil. 6(2006).
90. Katharine Adeney, The limitations of Non-consociational Federalism-The Example of Pakistan (paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Pol. Stud. Assoc., U.K., Apr. 2007).