Identity politics in the Middle East: Liberal thought and Islamic challenge in Egypt

Identity Politics in the Middle East: Liberal Thought and Islamic Challenge in Egypt

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-264

  Hatina, Meir ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85184845034     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (363)

1. Abd al-Majid, Wahid (ed.) Al-Taqrir al-Istratiji al-'Arabi 1999 (The Arab Strategic Report for 1999). Cairo: al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies, 2000.
2. abd al-Raziq, Alí. Al-Islam wa-Usul al-Hukm (Islam and the sources of Political authority). Beirut: Dar Maktabat al-Hayat, 1966.
3. Abd al-Sami', 'Amru (ed.), Al-Dimuqratiyya (Democracy). Cairo: al-Dar al-Misriyya al-Lubnaniyya, 1998.
4. Abu Zayd, Nasr Hamid. Al-Tafkir fi Zaman al-Takfir (Thinking in the Era of Accusations of Apostasy). Cairo: Sina' li'l Nashr, 1995.
5. Amin, Ahmad. Dahi al-Islam (Brilliance of Islam). 5th ed., Cairo: Maktabat al-Nahda al-Misriyya, 1956.
6. Amin, Husayn Ahmad. Dalil al-Muslim al-Hazin (A Guide to the Anguished Muslim). 3rd ed., Cairo: Maktabat Madbuli, 1987.
7. Amin, Husayn Ahmad. Al-Islam fi Alam Mutaghayyir (Islam in a Changing World). 3rd ed., Cairo: Maktabat Madbuli, 1988.
8. Amin, Husayn Ahmad. Hawla al-Da'wa ila Tatbiq al-Shari'a (On the Call for the Application of Islamic Law). 2nd ed., Cairo: Maktabat Madbuli, 1987.
9. Amin, Sadiq. Al-Dawa al-Islamiyya (The Call of Islam). Amman: n.p., 1978.
10. Al-'Aqqad, 'Abbas Mahmud. Abqariyyat 'Umar ('Umar's Genius). Cairo: Dar al-Thaqafa al-'Arabiyya, 1963.
11. Ashmawi, Muhammad Sa'id. Hisad al-Aql (The Fruits of Intellect). Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Lubnanai, 1974.
12. Ashmawi, Muhammad Sa'id. Ma'alim al-Islam (Signposts of Islam). Cairo: Sina' li'l-Nashr, 1989.
13. Ashmawi, Muhammad Sa'id. Damir al-Asr (Conscience of the Time). 2nd ed., Cairo: Sina' li'l-Nashr, 1992.
14. Ashmawi, Muhammad Sa'id. Al-Islam al-Siyasi (Political Islam). 4th ed., Cairo: Maktabat al-Madbuli al-Saghir, 1996.
15. Ashmawi, Muhammad Sa'id. Al-Riba wa'l-Fa'ida fi al-Islam (Interest and Profit in Islam). 2nd ed., Cairo: Maktabat al-Madbuli al-Saghir, 1996.
16. Ashmawi, Muhammad Sa'id. Al-Khilafa al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Caliphate). 3rd ed., Cairo: Maktabat Madbuli al-Saghir, 1996.
17. Ashmawi, Muhammad Sa'id. Usulal-Shari'a (The Fundamentals of Islamic Law). 4th ed., Cairo: Maktabat Madbuli al-Saghir, 1996.
18. Ashmawi, Muhammad Sa'id. Jawhar al-Islam (The Essence of Islam). 4th ed., Cairo: Maktabat Madbuli al-Saghir, 1996.
19. Ashmawi, Muhammad Sa'id. Al-Shari'a al-Islamiyya wa'l-Qanun al-Misri (Islamic Legal Tradition and Egyptian Law). Cairo: Maktabat Madbuli al-Saghir, 1996.
20. Awwa, Muhammad Salim. "Al-Ta'addudiyya al-Siyasiyya min Manzur Islami" ("Political Pluralism from an Islamic Perspective"), in 'Azzam Tamimi (ed.), Musharakat al-Islamiyyin fi al-Sulta (The Islamists' Participation in Government). London: Liberty for the Muslim World, 1994. pp. 25-37.
21. Al-A'zami, Muhammad Hasan. Haqiqat al-Baha'iyya wa'l-Qadyaniyya (The Truth about the Baha'iyya and Qadyaniyya). Beirut: Mu'assasat al-A'lami li'l-Matbu'at, 1973).
22. Aziz, 'Abd al-Ja'far. Man Qatala Faraj Fuda (Who Killed Faraj Fuda). Cairo: Dar al-Tiba'a wa'l-Nashr al-Islamiyya, 1992.
23. Bahansi, Ahmad Fathi. Al-Siyasa al-Jundiyya fi al-Shari'a al-Islamiyya (Criminal Policy in the Islamic Shari'a). 2nd ed., Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1988.
24. Al-Banna, Hasan. Majmu'at Rasa'il al-Imam al-Shahid (Collection of Tracts of the Martyr Imam). Beirut: al-Mu'assasa al-Islamiyya, n.d.
25. Al-Basir, Hamdi. "Jama'at al-Ikhwan al-Muslimin wa'l-Tanshi'a al-Siyasiyya li'l-Shabab" (The Muslim Brotherhood and the Political Education for the Youth), in Kamal al-Manufi and Hasanayn Tawfiq (eds.), Al-Thaqafa al-Siyasiyya fiMisr (Political Culture in Egypt). Cairo: Markaz al-Buhuth wa'l Dirasat al-Siyasiyya, 1994. Vol. 2, pp. 1119-1220.
26. Al-Din, Fu'ad Saraj. Li-Madha al-Hizb al-Jadid (Why Establish the New Party). Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1977.
27. Fuda, Faraj. Al-Wafd wa'l-Mustaqbal (The Wafd and the Future). Cairo: n.p., 1983.
28. Fuda, Faraj. Qabla al-Suqut (Before the Fall). Cairo: writer's edition, 1985.
29. Fuda, Faraj. Hiwar hawla al-Almaniyya (Debating Secularism). Cairo: Dar al-Mahrusa li'l-Nashr, 1986.
30. Fuda, Faraj. Al-Haqiqa al-Ghdiba (The Absent Truth). Cairo: Dar al-Fikr, 1986.
31. Fuda, Faraj. Al-Irhab (Terror). Cairo: Dar Misr al-Jadida, 1988.
32. Fuda, Faraj. Al-Malub: Shirkat Tawzif al-Amwal (Chicanery: the [Islamic] Investment Companies). 2ed nd., Cairo: Dar Misr al-Jadida, 1988.
33. Fuda, Faraj. Al-Nadhir (The Sounder of the Alarm). Cairo: Dar Misr al-Jadida, 1989.
34. Fuda, Faraj. Nakun aw la Nakun. (To Be or Not to Be) Cairo: Dar Misr al-Jadida, 1990.
35. Fuda, Faraj. Hatta la Yakun Kalaman fi al-Hawa (Avoiding Idle Talk). Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, 1992.
36. Fuda, Faraj. Zawaj al-Mut'a (Marriage of Convenience). Cairo: al-Dar al-Arabiyya, 1993.
37. Fuda, Faraj. "Al-Aqalliyyat wa-Huquq al-Insan" ("Minorities and Human Rights"), Adab wa-Naqd (July 1992), pp. 10-19.
38. Fuda, Faraj. "Al-Fitna al-Ta'ifiyya" (Sectarian Strife), in Faraj Fuda, Yunan Labib Rizq and Khalil 'Abd al-Karim (eds.), Al-Ta'ifiyya ila Ayn? (Sectarianism - Where to?) Cairo: Dar Misr al-Jadid, 1987, pp. 11-58.
39. Fuda, Faraj. "'Ala Hamid wa-Hurriyyat al-I'itiqad" ("'Ala Hamid and the Freedom of Belief"), in [no editor], Huriyyat al-Ra'y wa'l-'Aqida. Cairo: al-Munazzama al-Misriyya li'l-Huquq al-Insan, 1994. Vol. 2, pp. 220-224.
40. Al-Ghazali, Muhammad. Min hunaNa'lamu (Our Beginning in Wisdom). 5th ed., Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Haditha, n.d.
41. Al-Ghazali, Muhammad. Huquq al-Insan bayna Ta'alim al-Islam wa-I'lan al-Umam al-Muttahida (Human Rights between Islamic Teaching and the U.N. Declaration of Human Rights). Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Tijariyya al-Kubra, 1963.
42. Al-Ghazali, Muhammad. Al-Islam wdl-Istibdadal-Siyasi (Islam and Political Tyranny). Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Haditha, 1961.
43. Al-Ghazali, Muhammad. Al-Ta'assub wdl-Tasamuh bayna al-Masihiyya wdl-Islam (Fanaticism and Tolerance in Christianity and Islam). Cairo: Dar al-Kitab al-'Arabi, n.d.
44. Al-Ghazali, Muhammad. " Harakat al-Irtidad bayna al-Madi wa'l-Hadir" (Renouncing the Faith, Past and Present), in Qutb 'Abd al-Hamid (ed.), Khutab al-Shaykh Muhammad al-Ghazali fi Shu'un al-Din wdl-Haya (Sermons by Shaykh Muhammad al-Ghazali on Religious and Worldly Affairs). Cairo: Dar al-I'tisam. 1989, Vol. 4, pp. 40-50.
45. Al-Ghazali, Muhammad. "Bayna al-I'tidal wa'l-Tatarruf" (Between Moderation and Extremism) in [no editor]. Al-Sahwa al-Islamiyya: Ruya Naqdiyya min al-Dakhil (Islamic Resurgence: A Critical View from within). Beirut: al-Nashir, 1990. pp. 64-74.
46. Habib, Rafiq. Misr al-Qadima bayna al-Taghrib wal-Takfir (Ancient Egypt between Westernization and the Accusation of Heresy). Cairo; Dar al-Shuruq, 1996.
47. Habib, Rafiq. Awraq Hizb al-Wasat (Founding Papers of the Wasat Party). Cairo: n.p., 1996.
48. Habib, Rafiq. Tafkik al-Dimuqratiyya (Dismantling of Democracy). Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1997.
49. Habib, Rafiq. Al-Shakhsiyya al-Misriyya (The Egyptian Identity). Cairo: Kitab al-Mahrusa, 1997.
50. Habib, Rafiq. Al-Muqaddas wa'l-Hurriyya (Sanctity and Freedom). Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1998.
51. Habib, Rafiq. Al-Taghyir: al-Sira' wal-Darura (Change: Struggle and Necessity). Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1999.
52. Habib, Rafiq. Hadarat al-Wasat (The Culture of the Center). Cairo; Dar al-Shuruq, 2000.
53. Habib, Rafiq. Al-Umma wal-Dawla: bayan li-Tahrir al-Umma (Nation and State: Manifesto for Liberating the Nation). Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 2001.
54. Hasan, Muhammad Mahjub. Al-Shaykh al-Sha'rawi min al-Qarya ila al-Alamiyya (Shaykh al-Sha'rawi, from Village to World Fame). Cairo: Maktabat al-Turath al-Islami, 1990.
55. Haykal, Muhammad Husayn. Hayat Muhammad (Life of Muhammad). 9th ed., Cairo: Maktabat al-Nahda al-Misriyya, 1965.
56. Haykal, Muhammad Husayn. Al-Siddiq Abu Bakr (Abu Bakr the Just). 6th ed., Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, 1971.
57. Haykal, Muhammad Husayn. Al-Faruq Umar (Commander 'Umar). 5th ed., Cairo: Dar al-Ma'arif, 1972. Vol. 1.
58. Al-Hudaybi, Hasan. Du'at la Qudat (Preachers not Judges). 2nd ed., Beirut: Dar al-Islam, 1978.
59. Huwaydi, Fahmi. Muwatinun la Dhimmis (Citizens, not Protected Subjects). Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1985.
60. Huwaydi, Fahmi. Al-Tadayyun al-Manqus (Deficient Religiosity). 2nd ed., Cairo: Markaz al-Ahram, 1988.
61. Huwaydi, Fahmi. "Al-Sahwa al-Islamiyya wa'l-Muwatana wa'l-Musawa" ("Islamic Resurgence, Citizenship and Equality"), in [no editor], Al-Sahwa al-islamiyya. pp. 109-111.
62. Huwaydi, Fahmi. Al-Qur'an wa'l-Sultan (The Qur'an and the Sultan). 3rd ed., Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1991.
63. Huwaydi, Fahmi. Al-Islam wa'l-Dimuqratiyya (Islam and Democracy). Cairo: Markaz al-Ahram, 1993.
64. Huwaydi, Fahmi. Al-Muftarun (The Slanderers). Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1996.
65. Huwaydi, Fahmi. Al-Maqalat al-Mahzura (Forbidden Essays). Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1998.
66. Ibn al-Athir, 'Izz al-Din. Al-Kamil fi al-Ta'rikh (A Comprehensive Treatise on History). Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1965. Vol. 4.
67. Ibn Hazm, 'Ali bin Ahmad. Al-Muhalla (Treastise on Law). Beirut: al-Maktab al-Tijari, n.d. Vol. 5.
68. Ibn Kathir, 'Imad al-Din. Al-Bidaya wal al-Nihaya (The Beginning and the End). Beirut: Maktabat al-Ma'arif, 1966. Vol. 3.
69. Ibn Qasim, 'Abd al-Rahman (ed.), Majmu Fatawat Shaykh al-Islam Ahmad Ibn Taymiyya (Collection of Ibn Taymiyya's Legal Opinions). Cairo: Maktabat Ibn Taymiyya, n.d. Vol. 3.
70. Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad. Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra (The Great Book of Generations). Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1957. Vol. 3.
71. Ibrahim, Husayn Tawfiq. Al-Nizam al-Siyasi wa'l-Ikhwan al-Muslimun fi Misr (The Regime and the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt). Beirut: Dar al-Tali'a, 1998.
72. Al-'Idwi, Mustafa. 'Umar al-Tilmisani bayna al-Shabab wa-Hikmat al-Shuyukh ('Umar al-Tilmisani: Between the Youth and the Wisdom of the Elders). Giza: Dar al-Aqsa li'l-Kitab, 1987.
73. 'Imara, Muhammad. Al-Islam wa-Usul al-Hukm li-Ali 'Abd al-Raziq: Dirasa wa-Watha'iq ("'Ali 'Abd al-Raziq's Book 'Islam and the Sources of Political Authority': Studies and Documents"). Beirut: al-Mu'assasa al-'Arabiyya li'l-Dirasat wa'l-Nahsr, 1972.
74. 'Imara, Muhammad. Al-Dawla al-Islamiyya bayna al-Almaniyya wa'l-Sulta al-Diniyya (The Islamic State: Between Secularism and Religious Theocracy). Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1988.
75. 'Imara, Muhammad. Al-Tariq ila al-Yaqza al-Islamiyya (The Path to Islamic Awakening). Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1990.
76. 'Imara, Muhammad. Hal al-Islam Huwa al-Hall? (Is Islam the Solution?). Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1995.
77. 'Imara, Muhammad. Suqut al-Ghuluw al-Almani (The Collapse of Extremist Secularism). Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1995.
78. Jawdat, Ahmad (ed.), Hiwarat Hawla al-Sharia (Debates on Islamic Law). Cairo: Sina li'l-Nashr, 1990.
79. Al-Jawziyya, Ibn Qayyim. Flam al-Muwaqqi'in 'an Rabb al-Alamin (Guiding those who Perform for God). Beirut: Dar al-Jil, 1973. Vol. 3.
80. Al-Jundi, Anwar. I'adat al-Nazar fi Kitabat al-Asriyyin fi Daw' al-Islam (Reconsidering Contemporary Writings from an Islamic Perspective). Cairo: Dar al-I'tisam, 1985.
81. Kamil, 'Umar 'Abdallah. Al-Mutatarrifun (The Extremists). Cairo: Maktab al-Turath al-Islami, 1998.
82. Khalafallah, 'Abdallah. Al-Nazariyyat fi al-Islam (Schools of Thought in Islam). Cairo: n.p., 1984.
83. Khalid, Khalid Muhammad. Min Huna Nabda' (From Here We Begin). 6th ed., Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-'Arabi, 1952.
84. Khalid, Khalid Muhammad. Al-Dimuqratiyya Abadan (Democracy Forever). 2nd ed., Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-'Arabi, 1953.
85. Khalid, Khalid Muhammad. Muwatinun la Ri'aya (Citizens, not Subjects). 4th ed., Cairo: Maktabat Wahba, 1951.
86. Khalid, Khalid Muhammad. Bayna Yadayy 'Umar (Addressing 'Umar's Era). 3rd ed., Cairo: Maktabat al-Anjlo al-Misriyya, 1969.
87. Khalid, Khalid Muhammad. Waja'a Abu Bakr (Abu Bakr's Rise to Power). 2nd ed., Cairo: Maktabat al-Anjlo al-Misriyya, 1969.
88. Khalid, Khalid Muhammad. Al-Dawla fi al-Islam (The State in Islam). Cairo: Dar Thabit, 1981.
89. Khalid, Khalid Muhammad. Qissati maa al-Hayat (The Story of My Life). Cairo: Dar Akhbar al-Yawm, 1993.
90. Khalid, Khalid Muhammad. Difa' 'an al-Dimuqratiyya (In Defense of Democracy). Cairo: Dar Thabit, 1985.
91. Khalid, Khalid Muhammad. Al-Din fi Khidmat al-Shab (Religion in the Service of the People). 2nd ed., Cairo: Maktabat Wahba, 1960.
92. Mahfuz, Najib. Hawla al-Din wa'l-Dimuqratiyya (On Religion and Democracy). Cairo: al-Dar al-Misriyya al-Lubnaniyya, 1990.
93. Mashhur, Mustafa. Tariq al-Da'wa bayna al-Asala wa'l-Inhiraf (A Preaching Strategy: the Authentic and the Deviant). Cairo: n.p., 1984.
94. Mashhur, Mustafa. Al-Tayyaral-Islami wa-Dawruhu fial-Bina'(The Islamic Trend and its Role in Rebuilding Society). Cairo: al-Tawzi' wa'l-Nashr al-Islamiyya, 1987.
95. Mashhur, Mustafa. Al-Qiyada wa'l-Jundiyya 'ala Tariq al-Da'wa (Commanders and Soldiers in the Call to Islam). Alexandria: Dar al-Da'wa, n.d.
96. Al-Mas'udi, Abu al-Hasan 'Ali. Muruj al-Dhahab (Meadows of Gold). 4th ed., Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Tijariyya al-Kubra, 1964. Vol. 1.
97. Mustafa, Hala. Al-Nizam al-Siyasi wa'l-Mu'arada al-Islamiyya fi Misr (The Political Regime and the Islamic Opposition in Egypt). Cairo: Markaz al-Mahrusa, 1995.
98. Al-Nabahani, Taqi al-Din. Nizam al-Islam (The Islamic System of Government). Jerusalem: Manshurat Hizb al-Tahrir, 1953.
99. Al-Najjar, Husayn Fawzi. Haykal wa-Hayat Muhammad (Haykal and the Life of Muhammad). Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1970.
100. Al-Najjar, Sa'id. Tajdid al-Nizam al-Iqtisadi wa'l-Siyasi fi Misr (Renovating the Economic and Political Systems in Egypt). Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1997. Vol. 1.
101. Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. Al-Sabr fi al-Qur'an (Forbearance in the Qur'an). Cairo: Maktabat Wahba, 1970.
102. Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. Al-Halal wa'l-Haram fi al-Islam (The Lawful and the Forbidden in Islam). 7th ed., Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islami, 1973.
103. Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. Zahirat al-Ghuluwfi al-Tafkir (Extremism in Accusations of Heresy) Cairo: Jami'at al-Qahira, 1976.
104. Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. Ghayral-Muslimin fial-Mujtama'al-Islami (Non-Muslims in Islamic Society). 2nd ed., Beirut: Mu'assasat al-Risala, 1983.
105. Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. Awwaliyyat al-Harakaal-Islamiyyafial-Marhalaal-Qadima (The Fundamentals of the Islamic Movement in the Next Stage) 12th ed., Beirut: Mu'assasat al-Risala, 1991.
106. Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. Al-Sahwa al-Islamiyya wa-Humum al-Watan al-Arabi al-Islami (Islamic Resurgence and the Concerns of the Arab-Islamic Homeland). Beirut: Dar al-Shuruq, 1993.
107. Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. Fatawa Mu'asira (Contemporary Legal Rulings). Kuwait: Dar al-Qalam, 1994. Vol. 2
108. Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. Malamih al-Mujtama' al-Muslim alladhi Nunshiduha (The Features of the Muslim Society that We Seek). Beirut: Mu'assasat al-Risala, 1996.
109. Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. Jarimat al-Ridda (The Crime of Apostasy). Amman: Dar al-Furqan, 1996.
110. Al-Qimni, Sayyid Mahmud. Al-Hizb al-Hashimi wa-Ta'sis al-Dawla al-Islamiyya (The Hashemite Faction and the Founding of the Islamic State). Cairo: Sina' li'l-Nashr, 1990.
111. Al-Qimni, Sayyid Mahmud. Hurub Dawlat al-Rasul (Wars of the Prophet's State). Cairo: Sina' li'l-Nashr, 1993.
112. Qutb, Muhammad. Hal Nahnu Muslimun (Are We Still Muslims). 2nd ed., Cairo: Maktabat Wahaba, 1968.
113. Qutb, Muhammad. Waqiuna al-Muasir (Our Present Reality). 3rd ed., Mu'assasat al-Madina, 1989.
114. Qutb, Muhammad. Hawla Tatbiq al-Sharia (On Implementing Islamic Law). Cairo: Maktabat al-Sunna, 1991.
115. Qutb, Sayyid. Al-Adala al-Ijtim'aiyya fi al-Islam (Social Justice in Islam). 6th ed., Beirut: Dar al-Shuruq, 1979.
116. Qutb, Sayyid. Ma'alim fial-Tariq (Milestones). Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, n.d.
117. Qutb, Sayyid. FiZalalal-Qur'an (In the Shadow of the Qur'an). 2nd ed., Cairo: Dar Ihya' al-Kutub al-'Arabiyya, 1961, Vol. 3, 6.
118. Al-Rafi'i, 'Abd al-Rahman. Fi A'qab al-Thawra al-Misriyya (The Aftermath of the Egyptian Revolution). Cairo: Maktab al-Nahda al-Misriyya, 1947-1951. 3 Vols.
119. Ramih, Tal'at. Al-Wasat wa'l-Ikhwan (The Wasat Party and the Brotherhood). Cairo: Markaz Yafa, 1997.
120. Sabiq, al-Sayyid. Fiqh al-Sunna (Sunna Jurisprudence). Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-'Arabi, 1969.
121. Al-Sayyid, Ahmad Lutfi (ed.). Al-Duktur Muhammad Husayn Haykal (Dr. Muhammad Husayn Haykal). Cairo: Matba'at Misr, 1958.
122. Shaltut, Mahmud. Al-Islam Aqida wa-Sharia (Islam: Faith and Law). 2nd ed., Dar al-Qalam, n.d.
123. Al-Sha'rawi, Muhammad Mitwalli. 'Ala Ma'idat al-Fikr al-Islami (Islamic Thought Observed). Beirut: Dar al-'Awda, 1982.
124. Al-Sharif, Muhammad. 'Ala Hamish al-Dustur (On the Margins of the [1923] Constitution). Cairo: n.p., 1938. Vol. 1.
125. Shukri, Ghali. Al-Aqbat fi Watan Mutaghayyir (The Copts in a Changing Homeland) Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 1991.
126. Al-Suyuti, Jalal al-Din. Tarikh al-Khulafd (A History of the Caliphs). 3rd ed., Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Tijariyya al-Kubra, 1964.
127. Al-Tabari, Ibn Jarir. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk (A History of Prophets and Kings). Beirut: Dar al-Qamus al-Hadith, n.d. Vol. 5.
128. Al-Tilmisani, 'Umar. Ayyam maa al-Sadat (Days with Sadat). Cairo: Dar al-I'itisam, 1984.
129. Al-Tilmisani, 'Dhikrayat la Mudhakkarat (Memoirs, not Memoranda). Cairo: Dar al-Tiba'a wa'l Nashr al-Islamiyya, n.d.
130. Yasin, 'Abd al-Jawwad. Muqaddima fi Fiqh al-Jahiliyya al-Mu'asira (Prolegomena to Contemporary Paganist Thought) Cairo: Dar al-Zahra', 1987.
131. Yusuf, al-Sayyid, Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun: Hall Hiya Sahwa Islamiyya? (The Muslim Brotherhood: Is it an Islamic Resurgence?). Cairo: Markaz al-Mahrusa, 1994. Vol. 3.
132. Zakariya, Fu'ad. Al-Haqiqa wa'l-Wahmfi al-Haraka al-Islamiyya al-Mu'asira (Reality and Myth in the Contemporary Islamic Movement). 3rd ed., Cairo: Dar al-Fikr, 1988.
133. Al-Zumur, 'Abbud. Al-Wa'i wa'l-lhawra (Consciousness and Revolution). Ramalla: n.p., 1992.
134. [No author]. Barnamij Hizb al-Mustaqbal (The Mustaqbal Party Platform) (updated version). Cairo: n.p., 1991.
135. [No editor]. Faraj Fuda wa-Ma'arikuhu al-Siyasiyya (Faraj Fuda and his Political Battles). Cairo: al-'Amal li'l-Tiba'a wa'l-Nashr, 1994.
136. [No editor]. Faraj Fuda Shahid 'ala al-Asr (Faraj Fuda: Witness of [Our] Times). Cairo: al-Jam'iyya al-Misriyya li'l-Tanwir, 1996. 2 Vols.
137. [No editor]. Al-Muwajaha Hawla al-I'tidal wa'l-Tatarruf fi al-Islam (The Debate over Moderation and Extremism in Islam). Damascus: Dar al-Tali'a, 1996.
138. Abaza, Mona. Debates on Islam and Knowledge in Malaysia and Egypt. London: Routledge Curzon, 2002.
139. Abdelnasser, Walid M. The Islamic Movement in Egypt. London: Kegan Paul International, 1994.
140. Abed-Kotob, Sana. "The Accommodationists Speak: Goals and Strategies of the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt," IJMES 27 (1995), pp. 321-339.
141. Abou El Fadl, Khaled. Rebellion and Violence in Islamic Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
142. Abrahamian, Ervand. Khomenism. London: I.B. Tauris, 1993.
143. Abu Zayd, Nasr Hamid. "The Modernization of Islam or the Islamization of Modernity," in Roel Meijer (ed.). Cosmopolitanism, Identity and Authenticity in the Middle East (Richmond: Curzon, 1999), pp. 71-85.
144. Abu Zaid, Nasr with Esther R. Nelson. Voice of an Exile: Reflections on Islam. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2004
145. Adams, Charles C. Islam and Modernism in Egypt. London: Oxford University Press, 1933.
146. Ajami, Fouad. The Arab Predicament. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
147. Akhavi, Shahrough. "Sunni Modernist Theories of Social Contract in Contemporary Egypt," IJMES 35 (2003), pp. 23-49.
148. Alatas, S. Hussein. Intellectuals in Developing Societies. London: Frank Cass, 1977.
149. Almond, Gabriel A., R. Scott Appleby and Emmanuel Sivan. Strong Religion: The Rise of Fundamentalism around the World. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2003.
150. Altman, Israel. "Islamic Movements in Egypt," The Jerusalem Quarterly 10 (Winter 1979), pp. 87-105.
151. Ansari, Hamid. "Sectarian Conflict in Egypt and the Political Expediency of Religion," MEJ 38 (1984), pp. 397-418.
152. Ansari, Hamid N. "The Islamic Militants Egyptian Politics," MEJ 16 (1984), pp. 123-144.
153. Apter, David. The Politics of Modernization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965.
154. Arabi, Oussama. Studies in Modern Islamic Law and Jurisprudence. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2001.
155. Asad, Talal. The Idea of Anthropology of Islam. Washington, D.C.: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, March 1986.
156. Ayalon, Ami. "Egypt's Coptic Pandora's Box," in Ofra Bengio and Gabriel Ben-Dor (eds.). Minorities and the State in the Arab World. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999. pp. 53-71.
157. Ayalon, Ami. Egypt's Quest for Cultural Orientation. Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center, June 1999.
158. Ayubi, Nazih N. Political Islam. London: Routledge, 1993.
159. Ayubi, Nazih N. Over-stating the Arab State. London: I.B Publishers, 1995.
160. Baer, Gabriel. A History of Landownership in Modern Egypt 1800-1950. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.
161. Baker, Raymond W. Sadat and After. London: I.B. Tauris and Co., 1990.
162. Baker, Raymond W. Islam without Fear. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.
163. Barber, Benjamin. Jihad vs. MacWorld: How Globalism and Tribalism are Shaping the World.. New York: Ballantine Books, 1996.
164. Ben Dor, Gabriel. "Stateness and Ideology in Contemporary Middle Eastern Politics," The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 9 (1987), pp. 10-37.
165. Berque, Jacques. Egypt: Imperialism and Revolution. London: Faber & Faber, 1972.
166. Binder, Leonard. The Ideological Revolution in the Middle East. New York: J. Wiley, 1964.
167. Binder, Leonard. Islamic Liberalism. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1988.
168. Blaustein, Albert P. and Gisbert H. Flanz (eds.). Constitutions of the Countries of the World. New York, Oceana Publications, Inc., 1991.
169. Boggs, Carl. Intellectuals and the Crisis of Modernity. Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press, 1993.
170. Botman, Selma. Egypt from Independence to Revolution 1919-1952. New York: Syracuse University Press, 1991.
171. Botiveau, Bernard. Loi Islamique et Droit dans les Sociétés Arabes: Mutations des Systèmes Juridiques du Moyen-Orient. Paris: Karthal-Iremam, 1993.
172. Bourne, Kenneth and Donald C. Watt (eds.). British Documents on Foreign Affairs Part I, Series B. The Near and the Middle East 1856-1914, Vol. 15. Frederick, Med: University Publications of America, 1985.
173. Brumberg, Daniel. "Rhetoric and Strategy: Islamic Movements and Democracy in the Middle East," in Martin Kramer (ed.). The Islamism Debate. Tel Aviv: The Moshe Dayan Center, 1997. pp. 11-33.
174. Bubalo, Anthony and Fealy Greg. Joining the Caravan? The Middle East, Islamism and Indonesia. Alexandria: The Lowy Institute for International Policy, 2005.
175. Buck-Morss, Susan. Thinking Past Terror: Islamism and Critical Theory on the Left. London: Verso, 2003.
176. Butterworth, Charles E. "On What Is Between, Even Beyond, the Paradigms of the State and Islam," in Charles E. Butterworth and I. William Zartman (eds.), Between the State and Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. pp. 14-30.
177. Cohen, Amnon. Political Parties in the West Bank under the Jordanian Regime 1949-1967. London: Cornell University Press, 1982.
178. Cohen, Jean L. and Andrew Arato. Civil Society and Political Theory. Cambridge, Mass.: Mit Press, 1994.
179. Commins, David. Islamic Reform: Politics and Social Change in Late Ottoman Syria. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
180. Cook, Michael. Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
181. Coulson, N. J. A History of Islamic Law. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1964.
182. Crecelius, Daniel. "Al-Azhar in Revolution," Middle East Journal 20 (Winter 1966), pp. 34-49.
183. Crecelius, Daniel. "The Course of Secularization in Modern Egypt," in John L. Esposito (ed.) Islam and Development: Religion and Sociopolitical Change. New York: Syracuse University Press, 1980. pp. 49-70.
184. Davis, H. Miller. Constitutions, Electoral Laws, Treaties of States in the Near and Middle East. 2nd ed., Durham, N.C: Duke University Press, 1953.
185. Dekmejian, R. Hrair. "The Anatomy of Islamic Revival: Legitimacy Crisis, Ethnic Conflicts and the Search for Islamic Alternatives," MEJ 34 (1980), pp. 1-12.
186. Dekmejian, R. Hrair. "Multiple Faces of Islam," in Andres Jerichow and Jorgen B. Simonsen (eds.), Islam in a Changing World. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1997. pp. 1-12.
187. Denoeux, Gulian. Urban Unrest in the Middle East. New York: State University of New York Press, 1993.
188. Dessouki, Ali E. Hillal. "The Islamic Resurgence: Sources, Dynamics, and Implications," in Ali E. Hillal Dessouki (ed.). Islamic Resurgence in the Arab World. New York: Praeger, 1982. pp. 3-31.
189. Dika, Rifaat A. Islamic Traditions in Modern Politics: The Case of al-Azhar in Egypt [PhD dissertation], Michigan: Wayne State University, 1990.
190. Douglas, Mary. Purity and Danger. London: Ark Paperbacks, 1984.
191. Eisenstadt, Samuel N. Tradition, Change and Modernity. New York: J. Wiley, 1973.
192. Eisenstadt, Samuel N. "Concluding Remark: Public Sphere, Civil Society and Political Dynamics in Islamic Societies," in Miriam Hoexter, Shmuel N. Eisenstadt and Nehemia Levtzion (eds.), The Public Sphere in Muslim Societies. New York: State University of New York Press, 2002. pp. 139-161.
193. Enayat, Hamid. Modern Islamic Political Thought. London: Macmillan Press, 1982.
194. Erlich, Haggai. Students and University in Twentieth-Century Egyptian Politics. London: Frank Cass, 1989.
195. Esposito, John L. The Islamic Threat, Myth and Reality. 2ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
196. Esposito John L. and John O. Voll, Islam and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. pp. 193-202.
197. Esposito, John L. and James P. Piscatori. "Democratization and Islam," MEJ 45 (1991), pp. 427-440.
198. Euben, Roxanne L. "Killing (for) Politics: Jihad, Martyrdom and Political Action," in Political Theory 30 (2000), pp. 4-35.
199. Fallaci, Oriana. The Rage and the Pride. New York: Rizzoli, 2000.
200. Feuer, Lewis S. "What Is an Intellectual?," in Aleksander Gella (ed.). The Intelligentsia and the Intellectuals. London: Sage Publication, 1976. pp. 47-59.
201. Friedman, Yohanan. Tolerance and Coercion in Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
202. Fuller, Graham. E. "Islamism(s) in the Next Century," in Kramer (ed.). The Islamism Debate, pp. 141-160.
203. Furman, Uriah. "Minorities in Contemporary Islamist Discourse", MES 36 (2000), pp. 1-20.
204. Gallagher, Nancy E. "Islam v. Secularism in Cairo: An Account of the Dar al-Hikma Debate," MEJ 25 (1989), pp. 208-215.
205. Gellner, Ernest. Conditions of Liberty: Civil Society and its Rivals. New York: The Penguin Press, 1994.
206. Gellner, Ernest. Culture, Identity and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
207. Gershoni, Israel. The Emergence of Pan-Arabism in Egypt. Tel Aviv: The Shiloah Center, 1981.
208. Gershoni, Israel. "The Reader - Another Production: The Reception of Haykal's Biography of Muhammad and the Shift of Egyptian Intellectuals to Islamic Subjects in the 1930s," Poetics Today 15 (1994). pp 241-277.
209. Gershoni, Israel. Light in Shadow - Egypt and Fascism 1922-1937. Hebrew; Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1999.
210. Gershoni, Israel and James P. Jankowski, Egypt, Islam and the Arabs. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
211. Gershoni, Israel and James P. Jankowski, Redefining the Egyptian Nation 1930-1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
212. Gibb, Hamilton A.R. Mohammedanism: An Historical Survey. 2nd ed., London: Oxford University Press, 1953.
213. Gilbar Gad G. and Onn Winckler. "Nasser's Family Planning Policy," in Elie Podeh and Onn Winckler (eds.), Rethinking Nasserism. Florida: Florida University Press, 2004. pp. 285-288.
214. Goldziher, Ignac. "Dahriyya," EI1 2 (1965), pp. 95-97.
215. Goldziher, Ignac. Itroduction to Islamic Theology and Law (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1981.
216. El-Ghobashy, Mona. "The Metamorphosis of the Egyptian Brothers", IJMES 37 (2005), pp. 373-395.
217. Gordon, Joel. Nasser's Blessed Movement. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
218. Habermas, Jurgen. The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995.
219. Haddad, Yavoon Y. "Operation Desert Storm and the War of Fatwas," in Muahmmad K. Masud, Brinkley Messick and David S. Powers (eds.). Islamic Legal Interpretation. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1996. pp. 297-309.
220. Hall, John. Civil Society: Theory, History, Comparison. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995.
221. Halliday, Fred. Islam and the Myth of Confrontation. London: I.B. Tauris, 1995.
222. Halliday, Fred. Islam and the Myth of Confrontation: Religion and Politics in the Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris, 1996.
223. Halliday, Fred. The Middle East in International Relations: Power, Politics and Ideology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
224. Hanafi, Hassan. "The Origin of Modern Conservatism and Islamic Fundamentalism," in Gellner (ed.). Islamic Dilemmas, pp. 94-103.
225. Hatina, Meir. "Egypt," MECS 24 (2000), pp. 191-193.
226. Hatina, Meir. "Historical Legacy and the Challenge of Modernity in the Middle East: The Case of al-Azhar in Egypt," The Muslim World 93 (2003), pp. 51-68.
227. Hatina, Meir. "Between Harmony and Dissent: Ulama and Nationalist Movements," in Moshe Gammer (ed.). Community, Identity and the State: Comparing Africa, Eurasia, Latin America and the Middle East. London: Routledge, 2004, pp. 116-131.
228. Hatina, Meir. "The 'Other Islam': The Egyptian Wasat Party," Critique 14 (Summer 2005), pp. 171-184.
229. Hatina, Meir. "The Ulama and the Cult of Death in Palestine," Israel Affairs 12 (January 2006), pp. 29-51.
230. Hatina, Meir. "In Search of Authenticity: A Coptic Perception," MES 42 (January 2006), pp. 49-65.
231. Herskovits, Melville J. Cultural Relativism: Perspectives in Cultural Pluralism. New York: Random House, 1972.
232. Hinnebusch, Raymond A. Egyptian Politics under Sadat. Boulder: L. Rienner Publishers, 1988.
233. Hinnebusch, Raymond A. "The Reemergence of the Wafd Party: Glimpses of the Liberal Opposition in Egypt," MEJ 16 (1984), pp. 99-121.
234. Hobsbawm, Eric. "Introduction: Inventing Traditions," in Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger (eds.). The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, pp. 1-14.
235. Hopwood, Derek. Egypt: Politics and Society 1945-1990. 3rd. ed, London: Harper Collins Academic, 1991.
236. Hourani, Albert. Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age 1798-1939. London: Oxford University Press, 1970.
237. Hudson, Michael C. "Islam and Political Development," in John L. Esposito (ed.). Islam and Development, pp. 1-24.
238. Hudson, Michael C. Arab Politics: The Search for Legitimacy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977.
239. Humphreys, R. Stephen. Islamic History: A Framework for Inquiry. Minneapolis: Bibliotheca Islamica, 1988.
240. Humphreys, R. Stephen. "The Contemporary Resurgence in the Context of Modern Islam," in Ali E. Dessouki (ed.). Islamic Resurgence in the Arab World, pp. 67-83.
241. Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996.
242. Ibrahim, Saad Eddin. The Copts in Egypt. Cairo: Ibn Khaldoun Center, 1996.
243. Ibrahim, Saad Eddin. "Egypt's Islamic Activism in the 1980s," Third World Quarterly 10 (1980), pp. 632-653.
244. Ibrahim, Saad Eddin. "Anatomy of Egypt's Islamic Groups: Methodological Note and Preliminary Findings," IJMES 12 (1980), pp. 423-453.
245. Ibrahim, Saad Eddin. "Civil Society and Prospects of Democratization in the Arab World," in Augustus R. Norton (ed.). Civil Society in the Middle East. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1995. Vol. 1, pp. 27-54.
246. Issawi, Charles. Egypt in Revolution. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
247. Jankowski, James P. Egypt's Young Rebels. Stanford: Hoover Institution Publications, 1975.
248. Jankowski, James P. "Ottomanism and Arabism in Egypt 1860-1914," The Muslim World 70 (1980), pp. 226-259.
249. Jankowski, James P. Nasser's Egypt, Arab Nationalism, and the United Arab Republic. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2002.
250. Johnson, Paul. Intellectuals. London: Weidenfeld, 1988.
251. Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. "Law and Society," in John L. Esposito (ed.), The Oxford History of Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. 107-153.
252. Kedourie, Elie. "The Genesis of the Egyptian Constitution of 1923," in Peter M. Holt (ed.). Political and Social Change in Modern Egypt. London: Oxford University Press, 1968. pp. 347-361.
253. Kedourie, Elie. "The Nation-State in the Middle East," The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 9/3 (1987), pp. 1-9.
254. Kepel, Gilles. Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet and Pharaoh. New ed., Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.
255. Kepel, Gilles. "Islamism Reconsidered," Harvard International Review 22 (2000), pp. 22-27.
256. Khalidi, Tarif. Arabic Historical Thought in the Classical Period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
257. Khalidi, Tarif. Islamic Historiography: The Histories of Mas'udi. Albany: State University of New-York Press, 1970.
258. Kielstra, Niko. "Law and Reality in Modern Islam," in Gellner (ed.). Islamic Dilemmas, pp. 10-21.
259. Kirchner, Emil J. "Introduction," idem, Liberal Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. pp. 2-7.
260. Klein, Menachem. The Intellectuals in Nasser's Egypt. Hebrew; PhD dissertation, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1992.
261. Kraemer, Joel L. "Apostates, Rebels and Brigands," Israel Oriental Studies 10 (1980), pp. 35-73.
262. Kramer, Martin. Islam Assembled. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.
263. Kramer, Martin. "The Mismeasure of Political Islam," in idem. (ed). The Islamism Debate, pp. 161-173.
264. Krämer, Gudrun, The Jews in Modern Egypt 1914-1952. London: I. B. Tauris, 1989.
265. Krämer, Gudrun, "Islamist Notions of Democracy," Middle East Report 183 (1993), pp. 2-8.
266. Kuran, Timur. "The Economic Impact of Islamic Fundamentalism," in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby (eds.), Fundamentalisms and the State. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993. pp. 302-341.
267. Kurzman, Charles. "Introduction: Liberal Islam and its Islamic Context," idem. (ed.), Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
268. Lambton, Ann K. State and Government in Medieval Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981.
269. Lapidus, Ira M. "The Separation of State and Religion in the Development of Early Islamic Society," IJMES 6 (1975), pp. 363-385.
270. Lazarus-Yafeh, Hava. "Contemporary Fundamentalism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam," The Jerusalem Quarterly 47 (1988), pp. 27-39.
271. Lazarus-Yafeh, Hava. "Continuity and Innovation in Egyptian Islam: The 'Ulama Vis -á- Vis the Militants," in Shimon Shamir (ed.). Egypt from Monarchy to Republic. Boulder: Westview Press, 1995. pp. 173-180.
272. Levtzion, Nehemia and Voll, John O. (eds.), Eighteenth-Century Renewal and Reform in Islam (New York: Syracuse University Press, 1987)
273. Lewis, Bernard. The Political Language of Islam. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1988.
274. Lipset, Seymour and Basu, Asoke. "The Roles of the Intellectual and Political Roles," in Gella (ed.). The Intelligentsia and the Intellectuals, pp. 111-150.
275. Litvak, Meir. "The Concept of Freedom in Modern Islamic Thought," Historia 16 (July 2005), pp. 55-80.
276. Lustig, R. Jeffrey. Corporate Liberalism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.
277. Mannheim, Karl. "The Problem of Generations," in idem. Essays in the Sociology of Knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press, 1952. pp. 276-320.
278. Marcus, Abraham. The Middle East on the Eve of Modernity. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.
279. Marty Martine E. and R. Scott Appleby. "Introduction: The Fundamentalism Project: A User's Guide," in idem (eds.). Fundamentalisms Observed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991. Vol. 1, pp. vii-xiii.
280. Meijer, Roel. "Authenticity in History: The Concepts of al-Wafid and al-Mawruth in Tariq al-Bishri's Reinterpretation of Modern Egyptian History," in Manfred Woidich (ed.). Amsterdam Middle Eastern Studies. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 1990. pp. 68-83
281. Meijer, Roel. The Quest for Modernity: Secular Liberal and Left-Wing Political Thought in Egypt 1945-1958. London: Routledge Curzon, 2002.
282. Milson, Menahem. Intellectuals in the Arab World in Medieval Age and Modern Time. Hebrew; Tel Aviv: Humanities Press [New York] and Am Oved, 1973.
283. Mitchell, Richard P. The Society of the Muslim Brothers. London: Oxford University Press, 1969.
284. Moussalli, Ahmad S. "Modern Islamic Fundamentalist Discourses on Civil Society, Pluralism and Democracy," in Norton (ed.). Civil Society in the Middle East, Vol. 1, pp. 79-119.
285. Najjar, Fauzi M. "Egypt Laws of Personal Status," Arab Studies Quarterly 10 (1989), pp. 319-344.
286. Nettl, John P. and Roland Robertson. International Systems and the Modernization of Societies. London: Faber and Faber, 1968.
287. Nettl, John P. and Roland Robertson. "Ideas, Intellectuals and Structures of Dissent," in Philip Rieff (ed.). On Intellectuals. New York: Doubleday, 1969. pp. 53-122.
288. Noll, Marc (ed.), Religion and American Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
289. Norton, Augustus R. "Islamic Activism and Reformism," Current History 101 (November 2002), pp. 377-381.
290. Norton, Augustus R. "Thwarted Politics: The Case of Egypt's Hizb al-Wasat," in Robert W. Hefner (ed.). Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, Democratization. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2005. pp. 133-160.
291. Owen, Roger. The Middle East in the World Economy 1800-1914. London: Methuen Co., 1987.
292. Owen, Roger. "Socio-economic Change and Political Mobilization: The Case of Egypt," in Ghassan Salame (ed.). Democracy without Democrats? London: I.B. Tauris, 1994. pp. 183-199.
293. Peaslee, Amos J. Constitutions of Nations. Vol. 1, 3rd edition; Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1965.
294. Peirce, Leslie P. The Imperial Harem, Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
295. Pellat, Charles. "Al-Mas'udi," EI2 6 (1991), pp. 784-789.
296. Philipp, Thomas. "Copts and Other Minorities in the Development of the Egyptian Nation-State," in Shamir (ed.). Egypt from Monarchy to Republic, pp. 131-150.
297. Podeh, Elie and Onn Winckler. "Introduction," in idems. Rethinking Nasserism. pp. 1-42.
298. Polka, Sagi. "The Centrist Stream in Egypt and its Role in the Public Discourse Surrounding the Shaping of the Country's Cultural Identity," MES 39 (July 2003), pp. 39-64.
299. Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. Islamic Awakening: between Rejection and Extremism. New Delhi: Qazi Publishers, 1990.
300. Ravitzky, Aviezer. Religion and State in Jewish Philosophy: Models of Unity, Division, Collision and Subordination. Hebrew; Jerusalem: The Israel Democracy Institute, 1998.
301. Rejwan, Nissim. Nasserist Ideology: Its Exponents and Critics. New York: J. Wiley, 1974.
302. Rifaat, Muhammad. The Awakening of Modern Egypt. London: Longmans-Green, 1964.
303. Robinson, Ronald E., John Gallagher and Alice Denny. Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism. 2nd edition; London: Macmillan Press, 1981.
304. Rosenthal, Franz. A History of Muslim Historiography. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1968.
305. Rosenthal, Franz. "Ibn al-Athir," EF 7 (1960), pp. 723-724.
306. Roy, Olivier. "Islamists in Power," in Kramer (ed.). The Islamism Debate, pp. 69-85.
307. Roy, Olivier. Le Post-Islamisme. Aix-en Provence: Editions Edisud, 1999.
308. Ruggiero, Guido de. "Religious Freedom," Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 13 (1953), pp. 239-245.
309. Saeed, Javaid. Islam and Modernization. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1989.
310. Safran, Nadav. Egypt in Search of Political Community. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1961.
311. Said, Edward. Representation of the Intellectual. London: Vintage, 1994.
312. Sand, Shlomo. Intellectuals, Truth and Power. Hebrew; Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 2000.
313. Al-Sayyid-Marsot, Afaf Lutfi. Egypt's Liberal Experiment 1922-1936. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.
314. Schumpeter, Joseph A. "The Sociology of the Intellectuals," in George B. De Huszar (ed.). The Intellectuals: A Controversial Portrait. Illinois: Free Press, 1960. pp. 69-79.
315. Shamir, Shimon. "Liberalism: from Monarchy to Postrevolution," in idem (ed.). Egypt from Monarchy to Republic, pp. 195-212.
316. Shamir, Shimon. "Basic Dilemmas of the Mubarak Regime," ORBIS 30 (1986), pp. 169-191.
317. Sheleff, Leon. The Rule of Law and the Nature of Politics. Hebrew; Tel Aviv: Papyrus, 1996.
318. Shepard, William E. "Conversations in Cairo: Some Contemporary Muslim Views of Other Religions," The Muslim World70 (1980), pp. 171-195.
319. Shepard, William E. "Islam and Ideology: Towards a Typology," IJMES 19 (1987), pp. 307-336.
320. Shepard, William E. "Sayyid Qutb's Doctrine ofJahiliyya," ibid., 35 (2003), pp. 521-545.
321. Shils, Edward. The Intellectuals and the Powers and Other Essays. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1972.
322. Shils, Edward. "Intellectuals," International Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences 7 (1968), pp. 399-415.
323. Shils, Edward. "The Intellectuals and the Powers: Some Perspectives for Comparative Analysis," in Rieff (ed.). On Intellectuals, pp. 25-48.
324. Shils, Edward. The Virtue of Civility. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1997.
325. Sinanovic, Ermin. "The Majority Principle in Islamic Legal and Political Thought," Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 15 (2004), pp. 237-256.
326. Sivan, Emmanuel. Radical Islam. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.
327. Sivan, Emmanuel. Mythes Politiques Arabes. Paris: Fayard, 1995.
328. Sivan, Emmanuel. "The Clash within Islam," Survival 45 (2003), pp. 25-44.
329. Skinner, Quentin. "Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas," History and Theory 8 (1969), pp. 3-53.
330. Skovgaard-Petersen, Jakob. Defining Islam for the Egyptian State. Leiden: Brill, 1997.
331. Smelser, Neil J. Theory of Collective Behavior. New York: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1963.
332. Smith, Charles D. "The Crisis of Orientation: The Shift of Egyptian Intellectuals to Islamic Subjects in the 1930's," IJMES 4 (October 1973), pp. 382-410.
333. Smith, Charles D. Islam and the Search for Social Order in Modern Egypt: A Biography of Muhammad Husayn Haykal. Albany N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1983.
334. Smith, Donald. Religion and Political Development. Boston: Brown and Company, 1970.
335. Smith, Donald. Religion, Politics and Social Change in the Third World. New York: The Free Press, 1971
336. Sonbol, Amira El-Azhary. "Maraghi Mustafa Al," Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World 3 (1995), pp. 44-45.
337. Springborg, Robert. Mubarak's Egypt: Fragmentation of the Political Order. Boulder: Westview Press, 1989.
338. Stacher, Joshua A. "Post-Islamist Rumblings in Egypt: The Emergence of the Wasat Party," MEJ 56 (2000), pp. 415-432.
339. Starrett, Gregory. Putting Islam to Work: Education, Politics and Religious Transformation in Egypt. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
340. Sullivan, Denis J. Private Voluntary Organizations in Egypt. Tampa: University Press of Florida, 1994.
341. Sullivan, Denis J. and Abed-Kotob, Sana. Islam in Contemporary Egypt: Civil Society vs. the State. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1999.
342. Sunstein, C.R. "Why They Hate Us: The Role of Social Dynamics," Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 25 (2002), pp. 429-441.
343. Al-Tabari, Muhammad Ibn Jarir. The History of Prophets and Kings [Translated and Annotated by F. Rosenthal] Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989. Vol.1.
344. Taji-Farouki, Suha. A Fundamental Quest: Hizb al-Tahrir and the Search of the Islamic Caliphate. London: Grey Seal, 1996.
345. Tamimi, Azzam. "Islamic Movements: Reform not Fundamentalism," Middle East Affairs Journal 7 (1999), pp. 113-124.
346. Tamimi, 'Azzam and John L. Espositio (eds.), Islam and Secularism in the Middle East. London: Hurst, 2000.
347. Tauber, Eliezer. The Emergence of the Arab Movements. London: Frank Cass, 1993.
348. Timmins, Nicholas. The Five Giants: A Biography Welfare State. London: Fontana Press, 1997.
349. Turner, Ralp H. and Killian, Lewis M. Collective Behavior. 2nd ed., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1972.
350. Vatikiotis, P. J. Islam and the State. London: Croom Helm, 1987.
351. Vorest, Milton. In the Shadow of the Prophet. New York: Westview, 2001.
352. Walker, Geoffrey. The Rule of Law: Foundation of Constitutional Democracy. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1988.
353. Watson, John H. Among the Copts. Brighton: Sussex, 2000.
354. Watt, W. M. "Abu Baker," EI1 1 (1960), pp. 109-111.
355. Wickham, Carrie R. Mobilizing Islam: Religion, Activism and Political Change in Egypt. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.
356. Weismann, Itzchak. Taste of Modernity: Sufism, Salafiyya, and Arabism in Late Ottoman Damascus. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
357. Winter, Michael. "Islam in the State: Pragmatism and Growing Commitment," in Shamir (ed.). Egypt from Monarchy to Republic, pp. 44-58.
358. Yavuz, M. Hakan. Islamic Political Identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
359. Zaman, Muhammad Qasim. The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2002.
360. Zeghal, Malika. Gardiens de l'Islam. Paris: Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 1996.
361. Zizek, Salvoj. Welcome to the Desert of the Real. New York: Verso, 2000.
362. Zubaida, Sami. Islam, the People and the State. London: Routledge, 1989.
363. Zubaida, Sami. "Islam, the State and Democracy: Contrasting Conceptions of Society in Egypt," Middle East Report 179 (1992), pp. 2-10.