Arab-Israeli Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric Wars

Arab-Israeli Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric Wars

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-416

  Cordesman, Anthony H ^a  

^a ABC News   (United States)

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EID: 85183227043     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (216)

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2. The text of the speech is available at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/sharon_1203.html.
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5. These data are extrapolated from the CIA, World Factbook, 2006, http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/is.html.
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10. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel Security Experts Seek Strategy,’’ Defense News, December 22, 2003, 6.
11. Nina Gilbert, ‘‘Israeli Defense Forces: Significant Decline in 2004 Terror,’’ Jerusalem Post, December 21, 2004 (accessed January 13, 2005).
12. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘In Israel, Air Power Takes on Ground Jobs,’’ DefenseNews.com, February 28, 2005 (accessed May 5, 2005).
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27. Serge Schmemann, ‘‘13 Israeli Troops Killed in Ambush at Refugee Camp,’’ New York Times, April 10, 2002. June 10–16, 2002.
28. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Objective: Re-Create the Fog of War,’’ Defense News, June 24, 2002.
29. Ibrahim Barzak, ‘‘Hamas Leader Yassin Killed in Airstrike, Prompting Threats of Revenge Against Israel, US,’’ Associated Press, March 22, 2004.
30. Paul Martin, ‘‘‘Crisis’ in Hamas as Leaders Killed,’’ Washington Times, April 20, 2004.
31. Army Spokesperson quoted in William Orme, ‘‘Israeli Army Removes Angry Settlers Blocking Gaza Road,’’ New York Times, 2000.
32. Deborah Camiel, ‘‘Israeli Copters Attack Palestinian Gunmen,’’ Washington Post, December 5, 2000.
33. Joel Greenberg, ‘‘Tank Warfare on Jerusalem’s Outskirts,’’ New York Times, February 22, 2001, A8.
34. Tracy Wilkinson, ‘‘Israeli Armor Storms West Bank Town in Fierce Attack on Gunmen,’’ Los Angeles Times, May 7, 2001, 3. See also ‘‘Seven Palestinians Killed; In Gilo, Four Israelis Hurt by Gunfire,’’ Ha’aretz, May 15, 2001.
35. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel: Training Moves to Front,’’ Defense News, February 9, 2004.
36. Deborah Sontag, ‘‘Killings of Palestinian Officers Push Tension to Boiling Point,’’ New York Times (Internet Edition), May 15, 2001.
37. Daniel Williams, ‘‘Old Tactics Get New Life Under Sharon,’’ The Washington Post, 2001.
38. Lee Hockstader, ‘‘Israel Plans Big Assault If Truce Talks Fail: Army and Government Back Aggressive Action,’’ The Washington Post, March 25, 2002.
39. TalMuscal, ‘‘Shekel Rises Slightly on Beit Jala Withdrawal,’’ The Jerusalem Post, August 31, 2001.
40. Nitsan Alon, ‘‘Entering the Refugee Camps: The Israeli Counterterrorist Offensive in the West Bank and Gaza Strip,’’ Peacewatch, March 22, 2002.
41. Joel Brinkly, ‘‘Frantically Figuring Results of Military Force,’’ New York Times, April 2, 2002.
42. Keith Richburg, ‘‘Israeli Armor Enters Center of Bethlehem,’’ Washington Post, April 2, 2002.
43. Elaine Sciolino, ‘‘U.S. Questions If Arafat Can Lead the Palestinians,’’ New York Times, December 5, 2001.
44. Dan Williams, ‘‘Arafat Calls for End to All Attacks: After His Address, a Skeptical Israel Says, ‘Start Making Arrests,’’’ International Herald Tribune, December 17, 2001.
45. Lev Grinberg, ‘‘The Arrogance of Occupation,’’ Middle East Policy, Vol. IX, No. 1, March 2002.
46. John Kifner, ‘‘3 Are Left Dead By Suicide Blasts in Tel Aviv Street,’’ New York Times, July 18, 2002.
47. ‘‘Israel’s War on Terror: Sharon Aims Israel’s Guns at Arafat,’’ The Economist, December 8, 2001.
48. ‘‘Israel and the Palestinians: Sharon’s Strategy, If He Has One,’’ The Economist, December 22, 2001.
49. ‘‘Israelis Attack Arafat’s Compound and 7 Other Sites,’’ New York Times, December 5, 2001.
50. Barabara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel AF Wants Wider Role in Anti-Terror War,’’ Defense News, January 5, 2004.
51. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘In Israel, Air Power Takes on Ground Jobs,’’ Defense News, February 28, 2005.
52. Edward Cody, ‘‘Israel Takes Another Tack,’’ Washington Post, November 1, 2000.
53. Larry Kaplow, ‘‘Barak Vows to Increase Attacks; Palestinians Demand Revenge for Killings,’’ The Atlanta Journal and Constitution, November 11, 2000, 3A.
54. Molly Moore, ‘‘Israel’s Lethal Weapon of Choice; As Assassinations of Militants Increase, Citizens’ Uneasiness Grows,’’ The Washington Post, June 29, 2003, A1.
55. Barabara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel AF Wants Wider Role in Anti-Terror War,’’ Defense News, January 5, 2004.
56. Gal Luft, ‘‘The Seizure of Gaza-Bound Arms: Military Implications,’’ Peacewatch, January 8, 2002.
57. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel Reorganizes for Underground Warfare,’’ Defense News, February 14, 2005.
58. Anne Barnard, ‘‘Pullout Plan Tears Rift in Israeli Society,’’ Boston Globe, August 7, 2005.
59. Margot Dudkevitch, ‘‘Pullout Over in Less Than 12 Hours,’’ The Jerusalem Post, September 13, 2005.
60. Sheldon Kirshner, ‘‘Israel Faces Uncertainty After Evacuation,’’ Canadian Business and Current Affairs, 35, no. 35 (September 1, 2005): 11.
61. ‘‘Israel Army to Leave Gaza After 38 Years,’’ Agence France Presse, September 11, 2005.
62. Deborah Sontag, ‘‘Israel Weighs Border Pal to Proclaim if Talks Fail,’’ New York Times, October 22, 2000, A-8.
63. John Ward Anderson, ‘‘Israel Starts Building Fence Along West Bank; Palestinian Interim State is Rejected by Sharon,’’ The Washington Post, June 17, 2002.
64. Daniel Williams, ‘‘For Al-Aqsa Brigades, a Change of Tactics; Israeli Offensive Leaves West Bank Cells Battered, More Likely to Pick Close Targets,’’ The Washington Post, June 13, 2002.
65. Laurie Copans, ‘‘Israeli Leader Discloses West Bank Speration Plan,’’ Associated Press, February 7, 2006.
66. Jerrold Kessel, ‘‘Opposing Views ofWest Bank Fence,’’ CNN, July 3, 2003, www.cnn. com.
67. Alon Ben-David, ‘‘Israel Closes Intelligence Picture Gap,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, March 18, 2005, www.janes.com (accessed March 5, 2005).
68. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Roving Sensors, High-Powered, Ground-Mobile FLIRs Protect Israeli Borders Autonomously,’’ DefenseNews.com, June 28, 2004 (accessed May 5, 2005).
69. JPost.com Staff, ‘‘Mufti: Muslims Helping Build Fence-Traitors,’’ Jerusalem Post, June 11, 2004.
70. Daniel Seidemann, ‘‘Erecting a Barrier to Peace,’’ Washington Post, August 14, 2003.
71. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel Swaps Soldiers for Civilians,’’ Defense News, February 20, 2006, 30.
72. Barbra Opall-Rome, ‘‘US May Allow Israel To Defer Arms Payments,’’ Defense News, January 16, 2006, 1.
73. Vivek Raghuvanshi, ‘‘India, Israel Team to Develop 3 UAVs,’’ Defense News, February 28, 2005, 14.
74. Alon Ben-David, ‘‘Extensive Cuts to Hit Israeli Ground Forces the Most,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, July 16, 2003, 16.
75. Alon Ben-David, ‘‘IDF Branches Sparring for Share of US Funding,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, January 28, 2004, http://jdw.janes.com (accessed January 27, 2004).
76. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israeli QDR Emphasizes Multirole, Linked Force,’’ Defense News, February 13, 2006, 38.
77. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israeli Revamp to Strengthen Ground Forces,’’ Defense News, October 3, 2005, 46.
78. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel Eyes ‘Big Brother’ Approach for Security,’’ Defense News, October 31, 2005, 22.
79. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel Builds Precision Arsenal for Ground War,’’ Defense News, April 18, 2005, 14.
80. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel Eyes Merkava MBT Replacement,’’ Defense News, November 10, 2003, 34.
81. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘IMI Proposes Buy of Merkava Production Line,’’ Defense News, January 12, 2004, 6.
82. Alon Ben-David, ‘‘Israel Adjusts Acquisition Plan,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, June 30, 2004, www4.janes.com (accessed January 14, 2004).
83. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel Seeks to Extend Precise Ground Strike,’’ Defense News, September 12, 2005, 42.
84. Robin Hughes, ‘‘Israel Orders Surveillance Coverage,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, September 3, 2003, http://jdw.janes.com (accessed January 8, 2004). Labeled 8.
85. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel Army Taps Elbit UAV for Over-the-Hill Missions,’’ Defense News, February 4, 2004, http://www.defensenews.com (accessed February 5, 2004).
86. Clifford Beal, ‘‘New Radio Units Primed for Israeli Forces,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, September 19, 2003, http://jdw.janes.com (accessed January 8, 2004). Labeled Baetjer 9.
87. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel Plans $550M JSTARS-Like Flier,’’ Defense News, November 3, 2003, 14. Labeled 15.
88. ‘‘Special Forces, Israel,’’ Jane’s Amphibious and Special Forces, November 6, 2002; ‘‘Internal Affairs—Israel,’’ Jane’s Sentinel Security Assessment, October 3, 2005.
89. Robin Hughes, ‘‘Israel Extols ‘Solid Mirror,’’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, October 3, 2003, http://jdw.janes.com (accessed January 8, 2004). Labeled 17.
90. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘From Foot Soldier to Network Node,’’ Defense News, October 20, 2003, 30.
91. Arieh O’Sullivan, ‘‘No Plans to Purchase More Apache Longbows,’’ The Jerusalem Post, April 11, 2005.
92. ‘‘Boeing Wins Israeli JDAM Contract,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, October 8, 2003, http://jdw.janes.com (accessed January 8, 2004). Labeled 10.
93. Robin Hughes, ‘‘Israel Orders Gulfstream to Fulfill Early-Warning Need,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, September 10, 2003, http://jdw.janes.com (accessed January 8, 2004). Labeled 12.
94. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘C4ISR Dominates Israeli Investment Focus,’’ Defense News, September 12, 2005, 26, 28.
95. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel’s Air Force Looks Beyond FLIRS to Multispectral Sensors,’’ Defense News, January 19, 2004, http://www.defensenews.com (accessed February 5, 2004).
96. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israeli Aerospace Firms Join Forces,’’ Defense News, October 3, 2005, 102.
97. Dan Williams, ‘‘Eyeing Iran Reactors, Israel Seeks U.S. Bunker Bombs,’’ Reuters, September 21, 2004.
98. Aluf Ben, ‘‘US to Sell Israel 5,000 Smart Bombs,’’ Ha’aretz, September 21, 2004, http://haaretz.com(accessed September 21, 2004).
99. Aluf Ben, ‘‘US Keeps Israel Out of New Fighter-Jet Development Program,’’ Ha’aretz, October 12, 2005, http://haaretz.com.
100. Bill Gertz, ‘‘US to Restart Arms Technology Transfers to Israel,’’ Washington Times, August 17, 2005, 3.
101. Nathan Guttman, ‘‘Israeli-Venezuelan Arms Deal on Hold,’’ The Jerusalem Post, October 21, 2005.
102. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israeli Experts Urge Slow, Steady Move to UCAVs,’’ Defense News, November 7, 2005, 21.
103. Alon Ben-David, ‘‘Rafael, IAI Unveil Surface-to-Air Missile Combo,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, January 21, 2004, http://jdw.janes.com (accessed January 27, 2004).
104. Barbara Opall Rome, ‘‘Israel Reaches for New Combat Ships,’’ Defense News, December 22, 2003, 15.
105. See Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel Navy Boosts Layers of Anti-Terror Defenses,’’ Defense News, January 23, 2006, 10.
106. 201.Alon Ben-David, ‘‘Israel Seeks More Dolphins,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, January 21, 2004, http://jdw.janes.com (accessed January 27, 2004).
107. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Surgical Strike to the Highest Bidder,’’ Defense News, May 15, 2006, 11:22.
108. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel’s Naval Power Play,’’ Defense News, May 24, 2004. January 2, 2005.
109. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel Preserves Its Grip on Gaza Coast by Remote Control,’’ Defense News, March 20, 2004.
110. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Shadow Warriors,’’ Defense News, January 9, 2006, 22.
111. Harold Hough, ‘‘Could Israel’s Nuclear Assets Survive a First Strike?,’’ Jane’s Intelligence Review, September 1997, 407–410.
112. Uzi Mahnaimi, ‘‘Israeli Jets Equipped for Chemical Warfare,’’ Sunday Times (London), October 4, 1998.
113. T. Orszaq-Land, ‘‘Iran Threatens to Abandon the NPT,’’ Jane’s Islamic Affairs Analyst, October 1, 2004.
114. Abraham Rabinovich, ‘‘Iran boasts Dimona now ‘within range,’’’ The Washington Times, August 24, 2004.
115. Kenneth R. Timmerman, ‘‘The Crisis Has Begun,’’ The Washington Times, January 7, 2006.
116. Jim VandeHei, ‘‘Cheney Warns of Iran As a Nuclear Threat,’’ The Washington Post, January 21, 2005, A02.
117. Tom Carter, ‘‘Tehran Nukes A Global Threat, Israeli Wars,’’ The Washington Times, December 7, 2004.
118. Peter Brookes, ‘‘Iran: Our Military Options,’’ The New York Post, January 23, 2006.
119. Barbara Opall-Rome, ‘‘Israel Fortifies Options in Face of Iran’s Nuclear Work,’’ Defense News, May 29, 2006, 6.
120. David R. Sands, ‘‘Israelis Urge US to Stop Iran’s Nuke Goals,’’ Washington Times, September 30, 2005, 1.
121. Jane’s Defence Weekly, August 6, 2003, http://jdw.janes.com (accessed January 8, 2004). Labeled 28.
122. Jane’s Defence Weekly, November 20, 2003, http://jdw.janes.com (accessed January 8, 2004). Labeled 29.
123. ‘‘Regional Round Up,’’ Jane’s Terrorism and Security Monitor, September 14, 2005, http://jtsm.janes.com (accessed October 26, 2005).
124. Ashraf Khalil, Ranya Kadri, and JoshMeyer, ‘‘Suicide Attacks Kill at least 57 at 3 Hotels in Jordan’s Capital,’’ Los Angeles Times, November 10, 2005, A1.
125. Christopher Foss, ’’BAE Pointing System Wins Orders in the Middle East,’’ Jane’s DefenceWeekly, August 27, 2003, http://jdw.janes.com (accessed January 8, 2004). Labeled 36.
126. John Kifner, ‘‘Whose Holy Land? Lebanon,’’ New York Times, October 15, 2000, 13.
127. Dalal Saoud, ‘‘Hezbollah Chief Seeks Soldiers-Detainees Swap,’’ United Press International, October 7, 2000.
128. Matthew Kalman, ‘‘Hezbollah Confirms Backing ‘Brothers in Occupied Palestine,’’’ Globe and Mail, July 22, 2004, A10.
129. Harvey Morris, ‘‘Israel Launches Missile Attack on Hezbollah in Lebanon,’’ Financial Times, October 23, 2001, 12.
130. Hussein Dakroub, ‘‘Hezbollah Shells Lebanon Border Area,’’ Associated Press Online, August 9, 2003.
131. Samuel M. Katz, ‘‘Hezbollah: the Lebanese Shiite Party of God,’’ Special Operations Report, 2004, 11.
132. Megan K. Stack and Rebecca Trounson, ‘‘Peace Plan May Hinge on Security Force in Disarray,’’ Los Angeles Times, June 3, 2003.
133. Mohamed Daraghmeh, ‘‘Abbas Orders Crackdown on Militants in Ramallah After they Attacked his Headquarters,’’ Associated Press, March 31, 2005.
134. Mohamed Daraghmeh, ‘‘Abbas Dismisses Key Security Chief in Step Toward Reform of Palestinian Security Forces,’’ Associated Press, April 2, 2005.
135. Aluf Benn, ‘‘Netanya Bombing/Analysis: Leave Hamas Alone,’’ Ha’aretz, December 6, 2005.
136. Washington Post, October 17, 1995, A-1; Washington Times, September 4, 1995, A-9.
137. Keith B. Richburg, Washington Post, November 14, 2000, A30.
138. Saud Abu Ramadan, United Press International, October 5, 2000.
139. Lee Hockstader, Washington Post, October 7, 2000, A1.
140. Mary Curtius, Los Angeles Times, October 13, 2000, A1.
141. Keith B. Richburg, Washington Post, October 25, 2000.
142. Barry Schweid, Associated Press Online, October 26, 2000.
143. Barry Schweid, Associated Press Online, October 27, 2000.
144. Barry Schweid, Associated Press Online, November 22, 2000.
145. Jamie Tarabay, Associated Press, November 25, 2000.
146. Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson, Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Service, June 3, 2002.
147. Mark Lavie, ‘‘Hamas Will Continue...,’’ Associated Press Online, June 5, 2001.
148. Saud Abu Ramadan, United Press International, October 21, 2001.
149. Saud Abu Ramadan, United Press International, December 5, 2001, A1.
150. Mary Curtius, Los Angeles Times, December 13, 2001, A1.
151. Tracy Wilkinson, Los Angeles Times, December 22, 2001.
152. Tracy Wilkinson, Los Angeles Times, January 23, 2002, A3.
153. Mark Lavie, Associated Press Online, June 20, 2002.
154. Los Angeles Times, June 23, 2002, A5.
155. Peter Hermann, Baltimore Sun, October 10, 2002, 1A.
156. James Bennett, New York Times, February 8, 2003, A9.
157. Karin Laub, Associated Press Online, May 5, 2003.
158. Text of the Hamas-Islamic Jihad Declaration, Associated Press, June 29, 2003.
159. Khalil Shikaki, ‘‘Willing to Compromise, Palestinian Public Opinion and the Peace Process,’’ Washington, USIP, Report 158, January 2006.
160. Nidal al-Mughrabi, ‘‘Palestinian Police Link Hamas Men to Iran,’’ Reuters, February 4, 1999.
161. Robin Wright and David Lamb, ‘‘Syria Puts New Curbs on Militants,’’ Los Angeles Times, May 4, 2003, 1.
162. Scott Wilson, ‘‘Middle East EnvoyWars of Palestinian Authority Collapse,’’ The Washington Post, February 27, 2006.
163. See U.S. Department of State, ‘‘Patterns of Global Terrorism, 1998,’’ Washington, GPO, April 1999, Appendix B, ‘‘Syria,’’ and ‘‘Iran.’’
164. Information Division, Israel Foreign Ministry, ‘‘The Islamic Jihad Movement,’’ January 1995; Jewish Virtual Library, ‘‘Fathi Shiqaqi,’’ http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/biography/shiqaqi.html (accessed June 14, 2004).
165. Al-Hayat, December 12, 1994; Al-Wassat, December 12, 1994.
166. Sergei Shargorodsky, ‘‘4 Palestinians Die on ‘Day of Rage,’’’ Associated Press Online, October 28, 2000.
167. Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson, ‘‘Islamic Jihad Finding No Shortage of Young Troops Ready to Die,’’ Knight-Ridder, January 25, 2003.
168. Mohammed Daraghmeh, ‘‘In Search of Stealthier Suicide Attackers, Islamic Jihad Encourages Women,’’ Associated Press, May 31, 2003.
169. Ehud Ya’ari, ‘‘Terror Update,’’ The Jerusalem Report, April 23, 2001, 28.
170. Keith B. Richburg, Washington Post, October 25, 2000.
171. Ibrahim Barzak, ‘‘Palestinians Arrest Leading Militant,’’ Associated Press Online, June 23, 2001.
172. Mark Lavie, ‘‘Palestinian Police Arrest Top Islamic Jihad Activist, Setting off Violent Protest,’’ Associated Press, November 14, 2001.
173. Ibrahim Hazboun, ‘‘Israeli Tanks Surround Arafat Office after Suicide Bomber Kills 17 Bus Passengers,’’ Associated Press, June 6, 2002.
174. Saud Abu Ramadan, ‘‘Islamic Jihad Leader Detained in Gaza,’’ United Press International, June 9, 2002.
175. Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson, ‘‘Diverse Palestinian Factions Form Coalition that Could One Day Eclipse Arafat,’’ Knight-Ridder, January 28, 2003.
176. Saud Abu Ramadan, ‘‘Hamas, Islamic Jihad Dismiss Premier Post,’’ United Press International, March 11, 2003.
177. Mark Lavie, ‘‘Hamas Agrees to Halt Attacks on Israelis,’’ Associated Press, June 25, 2003.
178. Afshin Valinejad, ‘‘Hezbollah Gives Warning to Israel,’’ Associated Press Online, April 24, 2001.
179. U.S. Newswire, Inc., ‘‘AJC Report Examines Deadly Role of Palestinian Islamic Jihad Group,’’ July 18, 2002.
180. Gal Luft, ‘‘The Mirage of a Demilitarized Palestine,’’ The Middle East Quarterly, VIII, no. 3 (Summer 2001).
181. Mary Curtius and Marjorie Miller, ‘‘Hamas Threatens New Bombings in Israel,’’ Los Angeles Times, A1, October 8, 2000.
182. Khaled Abu Toameh, ‘‘Arafat Invites Aksa Brigade to Join Security Services,’’ Jerusalem Post, June 12, 2004.
183. Molly Moore, ‘‘Guns Turned on Arafat’s Authority,’’ Washington Post, July 22, 2004, A1.
184. John Ward Anderson, ‘‘Israelis Begin to Pull out of Gaza,’’ Washington Post, June 30, 2003, A1.
185. John Ward Anderson, ‘‘Bombing Points to Palestinian Fissure,’’ Washington Post, July 9, 2003, A22.
186. Michele K. Esposito, ‘‘Chronology: 16 February–15 May 2004,’’ Journal of Palestine Studies 23, no. 4 (Summer 2004).
187. Arnon Regular, ‘‘IDF Kills 7 Militants in Nablus Operation,’’ Haaretz.com, June 27, 2004.
188. Blanche, ‘‘Hamas Boosts the Range of Qassam Rockets’’; Ed Blanche, ‘‘Hamas’ Qassam Rockets Claim First Fatalities,’’ Jane’s Missiles and Rockets, August 1, 2004.
189. Nir Hasson, Aluf Benn, and Arnon Regular, ‘‘Qassam Claims First Fatalities in Sderot,’’ Haaretz.com, June 29, 2004; Peter Enav, ‘‘Palestinian Rocket Kills 2 Israeli Youths,’’ The Associated Press, September 29, 2004.
190. Matthew Levitt, ‘‘Assessing Arafat’s Performance in the Fight Against Terror,’’ Peacewatch, December 21, 2001.
191. Dan Williams, ‘‘Arafat Calls for End to All Attacks: After His Address, a Skeptical Israel Says, ‘Start Making Arrests,’’’ International Herald Tribune, December 17, 2001.
192. Howard Schneider, ‘‘Bomb’s Fallout Sets Back Goals of Palestinians: Arafat’s Cease- Fire is Seen as Result of Shifting Opinion,’’ Washington Post, June 7, 2001, A26.
193. Gary C. Gambill, ‘‘Hooked on Lebanon,’’ Middle East Quarterly, 7, no. 4 (Fall 2005): 36–38.
194. Lee Kass, ‘‘The Growing Syrian Missile Threat,’’ Middle East Quarterly, 7, no. 4 (Fall 2005): 32–33.
195. Riad Kahwaji, ‘‘Syria Ups Border SecurityMeasures,’’ Defense News, August 1, 2005, 14.
196. Kass, ‘‘Syria After Lebanon: The Growing Syrian Missile Threat,’’ Middle East Quarterly, 7, no. 4 (Fall 2005): 28–29, http://www.meforum.org/article/755.
197. Riad Kahwaji, ‘‘Analysts: Syria May Broaden Proxy Wars Into Golan Heights,’’ Defense News, December 1, 2003, 14.
198. Robin Hughes, ‘‘Iran Aides Syria’s CW Program,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, October 26, 2005.
199. Jane’s Defence Weekly, November 2, 1999, 20.
200. Ed Blanche, ‘‘Syria Discusses Buying Advanced Russian Systems,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, May 19, 1999, 17.
201. Simon Saradzhyan, ‘‘Bombing Spurs Interest in Russian Craft, Defenses,’’ Defense News, July 19, 1999, 11.
202. Sharon LaFraniere, ‘‘Russia, Syria Hint atWeapons Deal,’’ The Washington Post, July 7, 1999, A6.
203. Damian Kemp, ‘‘Russia Pushes Defense Sales as Exports Hit Highest for Years,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, July 14, 1999, 17.
204. Robin Hughes, ‘‘Country Briefing: Syria—Syria’s Dilemma,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, September 7, 2005, http://jdw.janes.com (accessed September 28, 2005).
205. Riad Kahwaji, ‘‘Russia, Syria Revive Ties with Debt Reduction, Defense News, January 31, 2005, 10.
206. ‘‘Russia Halts Plans to Sell Igla to Syria,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, November 6, 2002, http://jdw.janes.com (accessed January 9, 2004). Labeled 41.
207. ‘‘Israel Anger and Russian Arms Deal,’’ BBC News, January 12, 2005, www.bbc.co.uk (accessed January 21, 2005).
208. See Kass, ‘‘Syria After Lebanon: The Growing Syrian Missile Threat.’’ 51. http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/theater/ss-26.htm.
209. Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, ‘‘Syria Weapons of Mass Destruction Profile,’’ May 1998, http://www.cns.miis.edu/research/wmdme/syria.html (accessed March 2003).
210. Michael Eisenstadt, ‘‘Syria’s Strategic Weapons,’’ Jane’s Intelligence Review, April 1993, 168–173.
211. Dani Shoham, ‘‘Poisoned Missiles: Syria’s Doomsday Deterrent,’’ Middle East Quarterly (Fall 2002).
212. Sid Balman Jr., UPI, July 23, 1996; in Executive News Service, July 24, 1996.
213. Steven Rodan and Andrew Koch, ‘‘Syria Preparing to Build Extended-Range ‘Scud,’’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly, June 19, 2002, 40.
214. Michael Slackman, ‘‘As Syria’s Influence in Lebanon Wanes, Iran Moves In,’’ New York Times, March 13, 2006.
215. Kenneth R. Timmerman, ‘‘The Crisis Has Begun,’’ The Washington Times, January 7, 2006.
216. Ali Akbar Dareini, ‘‘Iran Says It Will Resist ‘Bully’ Nations,’’ Associated Press, February 1, 2006.