All Illusions Shattered? Looking Back on a Decade of Failed Attempts to Reform the UN Security Council

Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law

Volumn 7, Issue , 2004, Pages 183-218

  Fassbender, Bardo ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 85181877902     PISSN: 13894633     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1163/187574103x00031     Document Type: Chapter

References (61)

1. 1 See "Strengthening of the United Nations: an agenda for further change", Doc. A/57/387 of 9 September 2002, para. 20.
2. T. Chapman, "Paper and Ink", from the album "Telling Stories" (Elektra Records, 2000).
3. N. Krisch, "Weak as Constraint, Strong as Tool: The Place of International Law in U.S. Foreign Policy", in: D.M. Malone/ Y.F. Khong (eds), Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy: International Perspectives, 2003, 41
4. MJ. Glennon, "Why the Security Council Failed", Foreign Aff. 82 (2003), 16
5. I. Winkelmann, "Bringing the Security Council into a New Era", Max Planck UNYB 1 (1997), 35
6. E.C. Luck (ed.), Reforming the United Nations: Lessons from a History in Progress, 2003, 7-10,
7. 11
8. R. Geiger, "Comment on Art. 23", in: B. Simma (ed.), Charter of the United Nations, 2nd edition, 2002, Vol. I, 437 et seq. (440).
9. See Draft Resolution Doc. A/34/L.63 and Add.l, amendments to 15-power draft resolution Doc. A/34/L.57 and Add.l. For further documentary references, see UNYB 1979, 435-436.
10. See P. Wilenski, "The Structure of the U N in the Post-Cold War Period", in: A. Roberts/ B. Kingsbury, United Nations, Divided World, 2nd edition, 1993, 437 et seq. (441).
11. See also M. Bertrand, "The Historical Development of Efforts to Reform the U N ", in: Roberts/ Kingsbury, see above, 421-436.
12. O. Fleurence, La reforme du Conseil de securite, 2000.
13. Statement at the UN Security Council meeting of 31 January 1992;
14. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (ed.), Diplomatic Bluebook 1992 - Japan's Diplomatic Activities, 399, 401.
15. Tenth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, Jakarta, 1-6 September 1992, Final Document, Chapter II: Global Issues. Political and Economic Committees, para. 32, Doc. A/47/675.
16. See General Assembly, Provisional Verbatim Record of the 69th Plenary Mtg, 23 November 1992, Doc. A/47/PV.69.
17. The draft resolution was sponsored by 37 Latin American, African and Asian states, among them Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Japan, and Mexico; see Doc. A/47/L.26, A/47/L.26/Rev.l, and A/47/L.26/Rev.l/Add.l.
18. *Question of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council. Report of the Secretary-General", Doc. A/48/264 and Add.l, Add.2 and Add.2/Corr.l, Add.3 and 4.
19. General Assembly, 48th Sess.; Provisional Verbatim Records of the 61st, 62nd and 64th Plenary Mtgs, 23 and 24 November 1993. Doc. A/48/PV.61, A/48/PV.62 and A/48/PV.64.
20. B. Fassbender, UN Security Council Reform and the Right of Veto:A Constitutional Perspective, 1998, 221-275,
21. 23 See General Assembly, 49th Sess., Provisional Verbatim Records of the 29th to 32nd Plenary Mtgs 13 and 14 October 1994, Docs A/49/PV.29 - A/49/PV.32.
22. 24 For the latest discussions, see GAOR 57th Sess., Provisional Verbatim Records of the 27th to 32nd Plenary Mtgs, 14-16 October 2002, Doc.A/57/PV27 - A/57/PV32.
23. 26 See A/RES/55/2 of 8 September 2000, para. 30.
24. 27 See Doc. A/AC.247/1997/CRP.1 and A/51/47, Annex II.
25. 28 See I. Winkelmann, "Das Postulat einer starkeren Beteiligung des Siidens am Sicherheitsrat der Vereinten Nationen", in: J.A. Frowein et al. (eds), Verbandeln fur den Frieden- Liber Amicorurn Tono Eitel, 2003, 229 et seq. (238).
26. A/RES/53/30 of 23 November 1998. (Emphasis added). In contrast the second stage resolution proposed by Razali could have been adopted by a two-thirds majority of the General Assembly members "present and voting" (Article 18 para. 2 of the Charter).
27. See Luck, see note 7, 50.
28. G. Pleuger, "Die Reform des Sicherheitsrates der Vereinten Nationen", in: S. von Schorlemer (ed.), Praxishandbuch UNO: Die Vereinten Nationen im Lichte globaler Herausjorderungen, 2003, 683 et seq.
29. See Final Document of the Twelfth Ministerial Conference of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries of 8 April 1997, Doc. NAC/FM/Doc.l/ Rev.3, para. 28.
30. Joint Remarks by President Clinton and Japanese Prime Minister Hosokawa, New York City, N.Y., Federal News Service, 27 September 1993.
31. a[T]he United States supports permanent membership for Japan and Germany as well, fully recognizing that permanent membership entails assuming an active role in global peace and security activities". (Emphasis added.)
32. T. Eitel, "Partner in den Vereinten Nationen", Deutschland 1 (2003), 40
33. See statement by the representative of France, Mr. Levitte, at the General Assembly of 15 October 2002; Doc. A/57/PV.30, 9.
34. See statement by Mr. Ordzhonikidze, Deputy Foreign Minister of the Russian Federation at the General Assembly, 31 October 2001, Doc. A/56/PV.34,16-17.
35. See statement by Mr. Zhang Yishan at the meeting of the Open-ended Working Group, 10 February 2003.
36. Comitato Nazionale per la Celebrazione del Cinquantesimo Anniversario delle Nazioni Unite (ed.), La Riforma del Consiglio di Sicurezza: Una Pro-posta Italiana - The Reform of the Security Council: An Italian Proposal, 1996.
37. See statement by Ambassador Sergio Vento at the General Assembly, 15 October 2002, Doc. A/57/PV.29, 21.
38. 56 Statement by Ambassador Lian to the Open-ended Working Group, 25 March 1996, 3.
39. 57 Doc. A/AC.247/5 (c), reprinted in: Doc. A/49/965, 68, 69. See also the joint position paper of the Nordic Countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) of 14 June 1995, Doc. A/AC.247/5 (j), reprinted in, Doc. A/49/965, 104.
40. 58 Statement by Portugal to the Open-ended Working Group, 30 January 1995, 3.
41. 59 See statements by the spokesman of the Department of State of 17 and 18 July 1997; United States Department of State, Daily Press Briefing Nos 108 and 109.
42. Statement of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries of 13 February 1995, Doc. A/AC.247/5 (i), reprinted in: Doc. A/49/965 of 18 September 1995, 94.
43. Cuban statement of 29 June 1993, Doc. A/48/264, see note 16, 29 (31-32).
44. N.M. Mulikita, "Kooperation und Differenz: Die OAU/AU und der Sicherheitsrat", Vereinte Nationen 50 (2002), 44 et seq. (47 et seq.).
45. See statement by the representative of Tunisia, Mr. Mejdoub, at the General Assembly of 15 October 2002, Doc. A/57/PV.30, 6.
46. 72
47. L.B. Sohn, "Modernizing the Structure and Procedure of the Security Council", in: R.J. Dupuy (ed.), The Development of the Security Council: Peace-keeping and Peace-building, 1993, 385 (388-90).
48. Statement by Ambassador Henze of 17 May 1994, see note 81, 2.
49. See W. Schucking/ H. Wehberg, Die Satzung des Volkerbundes, 3rd edition, Vol. I, 1931, 477-479.
50. See "Position Africaine Commune", see note 63, para. 33 (e).
51. See the statements of Honduras, Paraguay, Algeria, Indonesia, Venezuela and the Republic of Korea, Doc. A/48/264 and Add. 1 and 2, see note 16.
52. See Permanent Regional Representation, see note 79, para. 21.
53. Statement by Australia, 7 July 1993, Doc. A/48/264, see note 16, 8 (9).
54. Speech by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Singapore, 6 October 1993, see note 37, 6.
55. L. Gross, "The Double Veto and the Four-Power Statement on Voting in the Security Council", Haw. L. Rev. 67 (1953), 251 et seq.
56. W. Karl et al., "Comment on Art. 108", in: Simma, see note 8, Vol. II, 1341
57. See C. Tomuschat, "Using Force against Iraq", Die Friedens-Warte 73 (1997), 75 et seq. (81).
58. See P.M. Dupuy, "The Constitutional Dimension of the Charter of the United Nations Revisited", Max Planck UNYB 1 (1997), 1 et seq. (1).
59. See B. Fassbender, "The United Nations Charter as Constitution of the International Community", Colum. J. Transnat'l L. 36 (1998), 529
60. "Quis judicabit? The Security Council, Its Powers and Its Legal Control", EJIL 11 (2000), 219 et seq.
61. "Uncertain Steps into a Post-Cold War World: The Role and Functioning of the UN Security Council after a Decade of Measures against Iraq", EJIL 13 (2002), 273 et seq. (292-95).