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Volumn 7, Issue , 2001, Pages 67-121

The Examination of Individual Complaints by the United Nations Human Rights Committee under the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

(1)  de Zayas, Alfred a  

a NONE

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EID: 85180475089     PISSN: 13883208     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1163/9789004478886_006     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (4)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 85180506109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means"
    • Article 2(3) of the provides that states article prohibits
    • Article 2(3) of the UN Charter provides that states "shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means", and article 2(4) prohibits "the threat or use of force" .
    • the threat or use of force , vol.2 , Issue.4
  • 3
    • 85180517779 scopus 로고
    • the German Settlers in Poland case, Ser. B,. at 36, Germany took up the cause of German minorities in Poland, who had been evicted from their land. On September 10, 1923, the Permanent Court delivered an Advisory Opinion holding unanimously that the measures complained of were a virtual annulment of the rights which the settlers acquired under their contracts, and, being directed in fact against a minority and subjecting it to discriminating and injurious treatment to which other citizens holding contracts of sale or lease were not subject, constituted a breach of Poland's obligations under the Minorities Treaty
    • In the German Settlers in Poland case, PCIJ, Ser. B, No.6, 1923, at p. 36, Germany took up the cause of German minorities in Poland, who had been evicted from their land. On September 10, 1923, the Permanent Court delivered an Advisory Opinion holding unanimously that the measures complained of were a "virtual annulment of the rights which the settlers acquired under their contracts, and, being directed in fact against a minority and subjecting it to discriminating and injurious treatment to which other citizens holding contracts of sale or lease were not subject, constituted a breach of Poland's obligations under the Minorities Treaty".
    • (1923) PCIJ , Issue.6
  • 4
    • 0004007383 scopus 로고
    • International Law and the Rights of Minorities
    • Oxford, A. de Zayas, The International Judicial Protection of Peoples and Minorities, in C. Bri:ilmann, R. Lefeber and M. Zieck, Peoples and Minorities in International Law, Dordrecht, 1993
    • Patrick Thornberry, International Law and the Rights of Minorities, Oxford, 1991. A. de Zayas, The International Judicial Protection of Peoples and Minorities, in C. Bri:ilmann, R. Lefeber and M. Zieck, Peoples and Minorities in International Law, Dordrecht, 1993, pp. 253-287.
    • (1991) , pp. 253-287
    • Thornberry, P.1
  • 6
    • 85180523624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A person who can avail himself of the European procedures in Strasbourg and who would wish to know whether it would be to his advantage to invoke the should take the following considerations into account: It is not possible to engage both procedures simultaneously. If a person has a case to a United Nations procedure in Geneva (other than the 1503 procedure", which does not focus its examination on individual cases), he/she is precluded from submitting the same matter subsequently to the Strasbourg bodies. On the other hand, if a person has his case in Strasbourg and examination has been concluded, he/she may still submit it to the Human Rights Committee under the Optional Protocol, unless the State party has made a reservation to preclude this possibility. The procedures under the Optional Protocol, Article 14 of CERD and Article 22 of CAT take place behind closed doors, there are oral hearings and press. Like in the European system, there are filing fees or costs to be born by the petitioner, nor is there a requirement to be represented by a lawyer before the expert Committees, but unlike in the European system, the UN is not in a position to provide free legal assistance to better prepare the written submissions. Whereas the UN system does not impose time limits for the submission of cases, article 26 of the European Convention stipulates that a petitioner must submit a case within six months after the exhaustion of domestic remedies. In general, examination of cases in Geneva is more expeditious than in Strasbourg, and final decisions on the merits have often been had within two years of the submission. Unfortunately, the backlog of cases is growing and this advantage is not likely to prevail
    • A person who can avail himself of the European procedures in Strasbourg and who would wish to know whether it would be to his advantage to invoke the United Nations procedures in Geneva should take the following considerations into account: It is not possible to engage both procedures simultaneously. If a person has submitted a case to a United Nations procedure in Geneva (other than the "1503 procedure", which does not focus its examination on individual cases), he/she is precluded from submitting the same matter subsequently to the Strasbourg bodies. On the other hand, if a person has submitted his case in Strasbourg and examination has been concluded, he/she may still submit it to the Human Rights Committee under the Optional Protocol, unless the State party has made a reservation to preclude this possibility. The procedures under the Optional Protocol, Article 14 of CERD and Article 22 of CAT take place behind closed doors, there are no oral hearings and no press. Like in the European system, there are no filing fees or costs to be born by the petitioner, nor is there a requirement to be represented by a lawyer before the expert Committees, but unlike in the European system, the UN is not in a position to provide free legal assistance to better prepare the written submissions. Whereas the UN system does not impose time limits for the submission of cases, article 26 of the European Convention stipulates that a petitioner must submit a case within six months after the exhaustion of domestic remedies. In general, examination of cases in Geneva is more expeditious than in Strasbourg, and final decisions on the merits have often been had within two years of the submission. Unfortunately, the backlog of cases is growing and this advantage is not likely to prevail.
    • United Nations procedures in Geneva
  • 9
    • 85180449867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • was s motto for outsiders and admonition to those privileged to work in it
    • "Never underestimate the Communications Unit"' was Jakob Moller's motto for outsiders and admonition to those privileged to work in it.
    • Never underestimate the Communications Unit
    • Moller, J.1
  • 10
    • 85180482639 scopus 로고
    • Application of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights under the Optional Protocol by the Human Rights Committee
    • 1986 the author, together with Jakob Moller and the late Torkel Opsahl, wrote an article on the Committee's jurisprudence up to its 28th session, entitled which was issued in 1987 in of the to 64 inclusive. This article was reissued as Reprint 1 of the United Nations Centre for Human Rights and has been published in translation in several languages, including Dutch, Finnish, Japanese, Serbo-Croat and Spanish. An updated version is to be published in book form by Jakob Moller and Alfred de Zayas
    • In 1986 the author, together with Jakob Moller and the late Torkel Opsahl, wrote an article on the Committee's jurisprudence up to its 28th session, entitled "Application of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights under the Optional Protocol by the Human Rights Committee", which was issued in 1987 in volume 28 of the German Yearbook of International Law (1985) pp. 6 to 64 inclusive. This article was reissued as Reprint No. 1 of the United Nations Centre for Human Rights and has been published in translation in several languages, including Dutch, Finnish, Japanese, Serbo-Croat and Spanish. An updated version is to be published in book form by Jakob Moller and Alfred de Zayas.
    • (1985) German Yearbook of International Law , vol.28 , pp. 6
  • 11
    • 85180427895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communications
    • is a euphemism, a terminus technicus to refer to petitions and complaints from individuals. The drafting history of the Optional Protocol shows that the delegates preferred this rather neutral term
    • "Communications" is a euphemism, a United Nations terminus technicus to refer to petitions and complaints from individuals. The drafting history of the Optional Protocol shows that the delegates preferred this rather neutral term.
    • United Nations
  • 12
    • 85180483888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • diplomatic ritual
    • the final report of the independent expert, Mr. to the on the reform of the human rights treaty system (E/CN.4/1997j74), critics of the reporting procedure are cited who refer to it as a complain of an implemention crisis
    • In the final report of the independent expert, Mr. Philip Alston, to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights on the reform of the human rights treaty system (E/CN.4/1997j74), critics of the reporting procedure are cited who refer to it as a "diplomatic ritual" and complain of an "implemention crisis".
    • United Nations Commission on Human Rights
    • Alston, P.1
  • 15
    • 85180468000 scopus 로고
    • International Organizations in their Legal Setting
    • his 2nd edition, devotes one hundred to the s decisions in Kelly Jamaica ( 253/1987), ZlVaan-de Vries The Netherlands ( 182/1984), and Delgado Paez Colombia ( 195/ 1985). D. 1. Harris in Cases and Materials on International Law" (4th edition, 1991) reproduces 9 decisions, including the landmark decisions on admissibility in the cases Y.L. Canada ( 112/1981), J.B. et af. Canada ( 118/1982), the Views" in Lovelace Canada ( 24/1977), Aumeeruddy-Cziffra Mauritius ( 35/1978), Estrella Uruguay ( 74/1980), Vuolanne Finland ( 265/1987) and Camargo Colombia ( 46/1979
    • nd edition, 1993) devotes one hundred pages to the Covenants and reproduces the full text of the Committee's decisions in Kelly v. Jamaica (No. 253/1987), ZlVaan-de Vries v. The Netherlands (No. 182/1984), and Delgado Paez v. Colombia (No. 195/ 1985). D. 1. Harris in "Cases and Materials on International Law" (4th edition, 1991) reproduces 9 decisions, including the landmark decisions on admissibility in the cases Y.L. v. Canada (No. 112/1981), J.B. et af. v. Canada (No. 118/1982), the "Views" in Lovelace v. Canada (No. 24/1977), Aumeeruddy-Cziffra v. Mauritius (No. 35/1978), Estrella v. Uruguay (No. 74/1980), Vuolanne v. Finland (No. 265/1987) and Camargo v. Colombia (No. 46/1979).
    • (1993) Covenants and reproduces the full text of the Committee
    • Kirgis, F.1
  • 16
    • 0003701729 scopus 로고
    • The Human Rights Committee has also been the subject of a book by Oxford Unquestionably the leading book in the field is Manfred Nowak's formidable CCPR Commentary, published in an original German version in 1989 and in an enlarged English version in 1993, N. Engel, Publisher, Kehl, Strasbourg, Arlington, Va. A recent dissertation in German was published by Christoph Pappa, Das Individualbeschwerdeverfahren des Fakultativprotokolls zum Internationalen Pakt liber blirgerliche und politische Rechte. Verlag Stampfli, Bern, 1996
    • The Human Rights Committee has also been the subject of a book by D. McGoldrick, The Human Rights Committee, Its Role in the Development of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Oxford 1991. Unquestionably the leading book in the field is Manfred Nowak's formidable CCPR Commentary, published in an original German version in 1989 and in an enlarged English version in 1993, N.P. Engel, Publisher, Kehl, Strasbourg, Arlington, Va. A recent dissertation in German was published by Christoph Pappa, Das Individualbeschwerdeverfahren des Fakultativprotokolls zum Internationalen Pakt liber blirgerliche und politische Rechte. Verlag Stampfli, Bern, 1996.
    • (1991) The Human Rights Committee, Its Role in the Development of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
    • McGoldrick, D.1
  • 17
    • 85180516980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This situation was noted with concern by the chairpersons of human rights treaty bodies at their 8th meeting of Chairpersons, held in Geneva in September annex to UN Doc. Aj52jS07, paras. 41-43. to the General Assembly contained a paragraph on the growth of its work under the Optional Protocol and the urgent need to provide additional staff for the procedure, unfortunately to avail
    • This situation was noted with concern by the chairpersons of human rights treaty bodies at their 8th meeting of Chairpersons, held in Geneva in September 1997 (see annex to UN Doc. Aj52jS07, paras. 41-43). Since 1988 every annual report of the Human Rights Committee to the General Assembly contained a paragraph on the growth of its work under the Optional Protocol and the urgent need to provide additional staff for the procedure, unfortunately to no avail.
    • (1997) Since 1988 every annual report of the Human Rights Committee
  • 19
    • 85180466752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Op. cit., 106
    • Op. cit., p. 106.
  • 20
    • 85180428946 scopus 로고
    • Annex X, Sect. F
    • HRC 1989 Report, Annex X, Sect. F.
    • (1989) Report
  • 21
    • 85180511865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Views adopted on 30 July 1993, making a finding of violation of any provision of the Covenant
    • Views adopted on 30 July 1993, making a finding of no violation of any provision of the Covenant.
  • 22
    • 0345885006 scopus 로고
    • For comments on the possibilities in this respect for instance, et seq. 289-90 and 319-20
    • For comments on the possibilities in this respect see, for instance, Erik Mosel Torkel Opsahl, in: Santa Clara Law Review vol. 21 (1981), 271 et seq. (289-90 and 319-20).
    • (1981) Santa Clara Law Review , vol.21 , pp. 271
    • Opsahl, E.M.T.1
  • 23
    • 85180445814 scopus 로고
    • Annex X, para. 13. 3
    • HRC 1982 Report, Annex X, para. 13. 3.
    • (1982) Report
  • 24
    • 85180451982 scopus 로고
    • Annex X, para. 14
    • HRC 1980 Report, Annex X, para. 14.
    • (1980) Report
  • 25
    • 84966033616 scopus 로고
    • Optional Protocol cases concerning the Nordic States before the United Nations Human Rights Committee
    • Selected Decisions, I, 32. Professor Graefrath argued that a declaration of inadmissibility could not be deemed an examination within the meaning of the Danish reservation
    • HRC Selected Decisions, Vol. I, p. 32. Professor Graefrath argued that a declaration of inadmissibility could not be deemed an examination within the meaning of the Danish reservation. De Zayas, Alfred/Moller, Jakob Th., "Optional Protocol cases concerning the Nordic States before the United Nations Human Rights Committee", in: Nordic Journal of International Law (NJIL), Vol. 55 (1986), 384.
    • (1986) Nordic Journal of International Law (NJIL) , vol.55 , pp. 384
    • De Zayas, A.1    Moller, J.T.2
  • 26
    • 85180447724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • _4
    • _4 HRC Selected Decisions, Vol. II, pp. 23-25.
    • Selected Decisions , vol.2 , pp. 23-25
  • 27
    • 85180502807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annex VI, Section J, Appendix
    • HRC 1997 Report, Vol. II, Annex VI, Section J, Appendix.
    • (1997) Report , vol.2
  • 28
    • 85180505783 scopus 로고
    • S. Denmark, Annex X, Sect. R., para. 5.2
    • P.S. v. Denmark, HRC 1992 Report, Annex X, Sect. R., para. 5.2.
    • (1992) Report
  • 29
    • 85180495601 scopus 로고
    • Annex XXVI, para. 2
    • HRC 1983 Report, Annex XXVI, para. 2.
    • (1983) Report
  • 30
    • 85180463060 scopus 로고
    • Annex XV, para. 5
    • HRC 1984 Report, Annex XV, para. 5.
    • (1984) Report
  • 31
    • 85180435571 scopus 로고
    • Annex XXIV, para. 8
    • HRC 1983 Report, Annex XXIV, para. 8.
    • (1983) Report
  • 32
    • 85180458810 scopus 로고
    • Annex XIII, para. 9.2
    • HRC 1981 Report, Annex XIII, para. 9.2.
    • (1981) Report
  • 33
    • 85180494291 scopus 로고
    • Annex XIV, para. 9.3
    • HRC 1982 Report, Annex XIV, para. 9.3.
    • (1982) Report
  • 34
    • 85180475469 scopus 로고
    • Annex XV, para. 6.2
    • HRC 1984 Report, Annex XV, para. 6.2.
    • (1984) Report
  • 35
    • 85180507254 scopus 로고
    • Annex IX, sect. EE, para. 5.1
    • HRC 1994 Report, Annex IX, sect. EE, para. 5.1.
    • (1994) Report
  • 36
    • 85180470465 scopus 로고
    • Annex X, sect. K, para. 1l.3
    • HRC 1995 Report, Annex X, sect. K, para. 1l.3.
    • (1995) Report
  • 37
    • 85180422998 scopus 로고
    • Annex XVII, para. 1O.l
    • HRC 1981 Report, Annex XVII, para. 1O.l.
    • (1981) Report
  • 38
    • 85180463553 scopus 로고
    • Annex XIV, para. 7.2
    • HRC 1985 Report, Annex XIV, para. 7.2.
    • (1985) Report
  • 39
    • 0346369044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annex XI, sect. D., para. 5.14
    • HRC 1991 Report, Annex XI, sect. D., para. 5.14.
    • 1991 Report
  • 40
    • 85180462096 scopus 로고
    • Annex XII, Sect. U, paras. 14.3-14.6
    • HRC 1993 Report, Annex XII, Sect. U, paras. 14.3-14.6.
    • (1993) Report
  • 41
    • 85180491771 scopus 로고
    • Annex IX, Sect. Cc
    • HRC 1994 Report, Vol. II, Annex IX, Sect. Cc.
    • (1994) Report , vol.2
  • 42
    • 85180461619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annex XI, sect. M, para. 18.6
    • HRC 1998 Report, Vol. II, Annex XI, sect. M, para. 18.6.
    • (1998) Report , vol.2
  • 43
    • 85180478446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annex XI. F
    • HRC 1998 Report, Vol. II, Annex XI. F.
    • (1998) Report , vol.2
  • 44
    • 85180472270 scopus 로고
    • Annex XXII, para. 14
    • HRC 1983 Report, Annex XXII, para. 14.
    • (1983) Report
  • 45
    • 85180515191 scopus 로고
    • Annex XI, sect. H, para. 6.5
    • HRC 1995 Report, Annex XI, sect. H, para. 6.5.
    • (1995) Report
  • 46
    • 85180453828 scopus 로고
    • Annex IX, sect. AA, para. 9.8
    • HRC 1994 Report, Annex IX, sect. AA, para. 9.8.
    • (1994) Report
  • 47
    • 85180449873 scopus 로고
    • Annex IX, sect. D. para. 5.5
    • HRC 1990 Report, Annex IX, sect. D. para. 5.5.
    • (1990) Report
  • 49
    • 85180423907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4R Annex VIII. sect. 1, para. 9.6
    • 4R HRC 1996 Report. Annex VIII. sect. 1, para. 9.6.
    • (1996) Report
  • 50
    • 85180498162 scopus 로고
    • Annex X, sect. C, para. 7.2
    • HRC 1995 Report, Annex X, sect. C, para. 7.2.
    • (1995) Report
  • 51
    • 85180471549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • so Annex VI, sect. G, para. 12.5
    • so HRC 1997 Report, Vol. II, Annex VI, sect. G, para. 12.5.
    • (1997) Report , vol.2
  • 52
    • 85180448898 scopus 로고
    • Annex XVII, para. 10.1
    • HRC 1981 Report, Annex XVII, para. 10.1.
    • (1981) Report
  • 53
    • 85180499286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • para. 19.2 at 182
    • Selected Decisions, Vol. II, pp. 179-183, para. 19.2 at p. 182.
    • Selected Decisions , vol.2 , pp. 179-183
  • 54
    • 85180433815 scopus 로고
    • also three communications by against Madagascar, all three of which resulted in finding of violations. 49 Dave Marais Madagascar), 115/1982 (John Wight Madagascar) and 132/1982 (Monja laona Madagascar) in Selected Decisions,. 82-87, 151-152 and 161-164
    • See also three communications submitted by Eric Hammel against Madagascar, all three of which resulted in finding of violations. Cases Nos. 49/1979 (Dave Marais v. Madagascar), 115/1982 (John Wight v. Madagascar) and 132/1982 (Monja laona v. Madagascar) in Selected Decisions, Vol. II, pp. 82-87, 151-152 and 161-164.
    • (1979) Cases Nos , vol.2
    • Hammel, E.1
  • 55
    • 85180426472 scopus 로고
    • Annex IX, sect. BB, para. 9.4
    • HRC 1994 Report, Annex IX, sect. BB, para. 9.4.
    • (1994) Report
  • 56
    • 85180423290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ebenda., Annex X, sect J. para. 8.4
    • Ebenda., Annex X, sect J. para. 8.4.
  • 57
    • 85180510536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annex XI, sect. F, para. 8.8
    • HRC 1998 Report, Vol. II, Annex XI, sect. F, para. 8.8.
    • (1998) Report , vol.2
  • 58
    • 85180439640 scopus 로고
    • Annex IX, sect. S, para. 5.3
    • HRC 1994 Report, Annex IX, sect. S, para. 5.3.
    • (1994) Report
  • 59
    • 85180464479 scopus 로고
    • Annex IX, sect. N, para. 6.6
    • HRC 1992 Report, Annex IX, sect. N, para. 6.6.
    • (1992) Report
  • 60
    • 85180465012 scopus 로고
    • See de Zayas Le Comite des droits de l'homme et la celerite de la procedure penale
    • September 1995 the Institute of Higher Studies on Criminal Sciences at Siracusa, Italy, held a conference on the general of delay in criminal procedures at which a number of papers were presented. The papers were published in the Revue de droit penal, 1996
    • In September 1995 the Institute of Higher Studies on Criminal Sciences at Siracusa, Italy, held a conference on the general issue of delay in criminal procedures at which a number of papers were presented. The papers were published in the Revue de droit penal, 1996. See de Zayas "Le Comite des droits de l'homme et la celerite de la procedure penale" in Revue Internationale de Droit Penal, Vol. 66, 1995, pp.
    • (1995) Revue Internationale de Droit Penal , vol.66
  • 61
    • 84856835022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The United Nations and the Guarantees of a Fair Trial
    • also de Zayas D. Weissbrodt, Rudiger Wolfrum eds, Heidelberg
    • also de Zayas "The United Nations and the Guarantees of a Fair Trial" in D. Weissbrodt, Rudiger Wolfrum (eds.), The Right to a Fair Trial, Heidelberg, 1997, pp. 669-696.
    • (1997) The Right to a Fair Trial , pp. 669-696
  • 62
    • 85180424079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annex VI, Sect. H, para. 10.3
    • HRC 1997 Report, Vol. II, Annex VI, Sect. H, para. 10.3.
    • (1997) Report , vol.2
  • 63
    • 85180464370 scopus 로고
    • General Comment 17, adopted in 1989. HRC Annex VI
    • General Comment No. 17, adopted in 1989. HRC 1989 Report, Annex VI.
    • (1989) Report
  • 64
    • 85180520812 scopus 로고
    • Annex X, sect. B, para. 10.5
    • HRC 1995 Report, Vol. II, Annex X, sect. B, para. 10.5.
    • (1995) Report , vol.2
  • 65
    • 85180506701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Op. cit., Annex XII, para. 8.4
    • Op. cit., Annex XII, para. 8.4.
  • 66
    • 85180430398 scopus 로고
    • Annex IX, sect. A, para. 5.5
    • HRC 1992 Report, Annex IX, sect. A, para. 5.5.
    • (1992) Report
  • 67
    • 85178912066 scopus 로고
    • Mikmaq-Entscheidung des Menschenrechtsausschusses und deutsche Verfassungsdiskussion
    • 46
    • Bernhard Graefrath, "Mikmaq-Entscheidung des Menschenrechtsausschusses und deutsche Verfassungsdiskussion" in 46 Neue Justiz 4/1992, pp. 151-152.
    • (1992) Neue Justiz , vol.4 , pp. 151-152
    • Graefrath, B.1
  • 68
    • 85180521274 scopus 로고
    • Annex XXXI
    • HRC 1983 Report, Annex XXXI.
    • (1983) Report
  • 69
    • 85180428438 scopus 로고
    • Annex IX, sect. A, para
    • HRC 1990 Report, Annex IX, sect. A, para. 33.
    • (1990) Report , pp. 33
  • 70
    • 85180469248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annex VI, Sect. 5, para. 10.7
    • HRC 1997 Report, Vol. II, Annex VI, Sect. 5, para. 10.7.
    • (1997) Report , vol.2
  • 71
    • 85180472611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • the decisions on cases 213/1986 (H.C.M.A. the Netherlands), adopted 30 March 1989, paragraph 11.6
    • See the decisions on cases No. 213/1986 (H.C.M.A. v. the Netherlands), adopted 30 March 1989, paragraph 11.6;
  • 72
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    • 275/1988 adopted 26 March paragraph 5.5
    • No. 275/1988 (S.E. v. Argentina), adopted 26 March 1990, paragraph 5.5;
    • (1990) S.E. v. Argentina
  • 73
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    • Nos 343-345/1988 adopted 26 March paragraph 5.5
    • Nos 343-345/1988 (R.A.. V.N. et al. v. Argentina), adopted 26 March 1990, paragraph 5.5.
    • (1990) R.A.. V.N. et al. v. Argentina
  • 74
    • 85180456741 scopus 로고
    • 563/1993 (Nydia Bautista de Arellana Colombia) adopted on 27 October
    • Views in communication No. 563/1993 (Nydia Bautista de Arellana v. Colombia) adopted on 27 October 1995;
    • (1995) Views in communication
  • 75
    • 85180475785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annex VIII, sect. 19, para. 8.6
    • HRC 1996 Report, Annex VIII, sect. 19, para. 8.6.
    • (1996) Report
  • 76
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    • Annex IX, sect. B, para. 14
    • HRC 1994 Report, Annex IX, sect. B, para. 14.
    • (1994) Report
  • 77
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    • Annex IX, sect. C, para. 12
    • HRC 1994 Report, Annex IX, sect. C, para. 12.
    • (1994) Report
  • 78
    • 85180484672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note 63, para. 12.4
    • See note 63, para. 12.4.
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    • Views in communication 390
    • Views in communication No. 390/1990 (Lubuto v. Zambia);
    • (1990) Lubuto v. Zambia
  • 80
    • 85180426596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annex VIII, sect. 2, paras 9 and 10
    • HRC 1996 Report, Annex VIII, sect. 2, paras 9 and 10.
    • (1996) Report
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    • The Follow-Up Procedure of the UN Human Rights Committee
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