Places of Inquiry: Research and Advanced Education in Modern Universities

Places of Inquiry: Research and Advanced Education in Modern Universities

Volumn , Issue , 2023, Pages 1-284

  Clark, Burton R ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85179229979     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (232)

1. Allen, G. C. The Japanese Economy. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981.
2. Amano, Ikuo. "Continuity and Change in the Structure of Japanese Higher Education." In Changes in the Japanese University: A Comparative Perspec tive, edited by William K. Cummings, Ikuo Amano, and Kazuyuki Kita mura, 10-39 New York: Praeger, 1979
3. Amano, Ikuo Education and Examination m Modern Japan (Shiken no Shakai-shi). Translated by William K. Cummings and Fumiko Cummings. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1990.
4. Ashford, Douglas E. Policy and Politics m France: Living with Uncertainty. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1982.
5. Ball, Christopher. "The Merging of the PCFC and the UFC. Probable, Desirable, or Inevitable?" Higher Educatton Quarterly 45, no. 2 (1991): 117- 124.
6. Bartholomew, James R. The Formation of Science in Japan: Building a Research Tradition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989
7. Beauchamp, Edward R., and Richard Rubinger. Education m Japan: A Source Book. New York: Garland Publishing, 1989
8. Becher, Tony Academic Tribes and Territories: Intellectual Enquiry and the Cultures of Disciplines. Milton Keynes, U.K.. Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press, 1989
9. Becher, Tony "Graduate Education in Britain: The View from the Ground." In The Research Foundations of Graduate Educatton: Germany, Britain, France, Untted States, Japan, edited by Burton R. Clark, 115-153. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and Oxford: University of California Press, 1993.
10. Becher, Tony (ed.). British Higher Education. London: Allen and Unwm, 1987
11. Becher, Tony, Jack Embling, and Maurice Kogan. Systems of Higher Educa tton: United Kingdom. New York: International Council for Educational Development, 1977
12. Becher, Tony, and Maurice Kogan. Process and Structure in Higher Education. London: Heinemann, 1980.
13. Ben-David, Joseph. "The Universities and the Growth of Science in Germany and the United States." Minerva 7 (1968): 1-35.
14. Ben-David, Joseph.The Scientist's Role tn Soctety: A Comparative Study. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.. Prentice-Hall, 1971.
15. Ben-David, Joseph.Centers of Learning: Britain, France, Germany, United States. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977
16. Ben-David, Joseph, and Abraham Zloczower. "Universities and Academic Sys tems in Modern Societies." European Journal of Sociology 3 (1962): 45-84.
17. Bendix, Reinhard. Max Weber• An Intellectual Portrait. Garden City, N.Y.. Doubleday, 1960.
18. Benjamin, T. Brooke. "Overladen with Honours." Times Higher Education Supplement, January 17, 1992, 18.
19. Berdahl, Robert. "Coordinating Structures: The UGC and US State Co-ordinating Agencies." In The Structure of Governance of Higher Education, edited by Michael Shattock, 68-106. At the University, Guildford, Surrey Society for Research into Higher Education, 1983.
20. Berelson, Bernard. Graduate Education tn the United States. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960.
21. Bernstein, Richard. Fragile Glory: A Portrait of France and the French. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990.
22. Bertilsson, Margareta. "From University to Comprehensive Higher Education: On the Widening Gap between 'Lehre und Leben.'" Stockholm: Studies of Higher Education and Research, Council for Studies of Higher Education, no. 1,1991.
23. Beyerchen, Alan. "On the Stimulation of Excellence in Wilhelmian Science." In Another Germany: A Reconsideration of the Imperial Era, edited by Jack R. Dukes and Joachim Remak, 139-168. Boulder, Colo.. Westview Press, 1988.
24. Bienayme, Alain. Systems of Higher Education: France. New York: International Council for Educational Development, 1978.
25. Block, Hans-Jürgen. "Higher Education in the Federal Republic of Germany Facts, Trends, and Policies." Unpublished paper, 1989
26. Block, Hans-Jürgen "The University System in Transition: Possibilities and Limitations of Universities in the 'Steady-State.'" In The Research System in Transition, edited by S. E. Cozzens et al, 35-50. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Pub lishers, 1990.
27. Bowen, William G., and Neil L. Rudenstine. In Pursuit of the Ph.D. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
28. Brubacher, John S., and Willis Rudy Higher Education tn Transition: A His tory of American Colleges and Universities, 1636-1968. New York: Harper and Row, 1968.
29. Campbell, Donald T. "A Tribal Model of the Social System Vehicle Carrying Scientific Knowledge." Knowledge 1, no. 2 (1979): 181-201.
30. Campbell, John Creighton. "Japanese Budget Baransu." In Modern Japanese Organization and Decision-Making, edited by Ezra F Vogel, 71-100. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1975.
31. Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. A Classification of Institutions of Higher Education: 1987 Edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987
32. Carrier, Denis, and Frans A. van Vught. "Government and Curriculum Innovation in France." In Governmental Strategies and Innovation m Higher Edu cation, edited by Frans A. van Vught, 143-167 London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 1989
33. Carswell, John. Government and the Untverstties in Britain: Programme and Performance 1960-1980. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
34. Cazenave, P "Financing of Institutions." In The Encyclopedia of Higher Edu cation, edited by Burton R. Clark and Guy Neave. Vol. 2, Analytical Per spectives, 1367-1376. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1992.
35. Cheit, Earl F., and Theodore E. Lobman. Foundations and Higher Education: Grant Making from Golden Years through Steady State. Berkeley Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education, 1979
36. Clark, Burton R. The Higher Education System: Academic Organization in Cross-National Perspective. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1983.
37. Clark, Burton R. The Academic Life: Small Worlds, Different Worlds. Princeton: Carne gie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and Princeton University Press, 1987
38. Clark, Burton R. "Is California the Model for OECD Futures?" In The OECD, the Mas ter Plan, and the California Dream, edited by Sheldon Rothblatt, 61-77 Berkeley Center for Studies in Higher Education, University of California, Berkeley, 1992.
39. Clark, Burton R., ed. The Research Foundations of Graduate Education: Germany, Brit ain, France, United States, Japan. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1993.
40. Clark, Terry Nichols. Prophets and Patrons: The French University and the Emergence of the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973.
41. Cole, Jonathan R. Fair Science: Women m the Scientific Community. New York: Free Press, 1979
42. Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals (CVCP). The State of the Univer sities. London: CVCP, 1991.
43. Committee on Higher Education Report (Robbins Report). Cmnd. 2154, H.M.S.O. 1963.
44. Conrad, Clifton F., Jennifer Grant Haworth, and Susan Bolyard Millar. A Silent Success: Master's Education in the United States. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.
45. Coser, Lewis A. Refugee Scholars in America: Their Impact and Their Experiences. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984.
46. Crane, Diana. Invisible Colleges: Diffusion of Knowledge in Scientific Com munities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.
47. Crosland, Anthony In Edward Boyle and Anthony Crosland, The Politics of Education, edited by Maurice Kogan. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1971.
48. Crozier, Michel. The Bureaucratic Phenomenon. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.
49. Crozier, Michel. The Stalled Society. New York: Viking Press, 1973.
50. Crozier, Michel Strategies for Change: The Future of French Society. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1982.
51. Crozier, Michel, and Erhard Fnedberg. Actors and Systems: The Politics of Collective Action. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.
52. DiMaggio, Paul J., and Walter W Powell. "The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields." American Sociological Review 48 (April 1985): 147-160.
53. Dore, Ronald P., and Mari Sako. How the Japanese Learn to Work. London: Routledge, 1989
54. Durand-Prinborgne, C. "France." In The Encyclopedia of Higher Education, edited by Burton R. Clark and Guy Neave. Vol. 1. National Systems of Higher Education, 217-224. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1992.
55. Elzinga,, Aant. "Research, Bureaucracy, and the Drift of Epistemic Criteria." In The University Research System: The Public Policies of the Home of Scien tists, edited by Björn Wittrock and Aant Elzinga, 191-220. Stockholm: Alm quist &C Wiksell International, 1985.
56. Eustace, Rowland. "United Kingdom." In The Encyclopedia of Higher Educa tion, edited by Burton R. Clark and Guy Neave. Vol. 1. National Systems of Higher Education, 760-777 Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1992.
57. Eustace, Rowland, and Graeme C. Moodie. "CNAA: Case for the Preservation." Times Higher Education Supplement, March 6, 1992.
58. Farrant, John H. "Central Control of the University Sector." In British Higher Education, edited by Tony Becher, 29-52. London: Allen 8c Unwin, 1987
59. Feldman, Kenneth A., and Theodore M. Newcomb. The Impact of College on Students. Vol. 1. An Analysts of Four Decades of Research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1970.
60. Fermi, Laura. Illustrious Immigrants. 2d ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971.
61. Fleck, Ludwik. Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979 (Originally published in German, 1935.)
62. Frackmann, Edgar. "Resistance to Change or No Need for Change? The Survival of German Higher Education in the 1990s." European Journal of Edu cation 25, no. 2 (1990): 187-202.
63. Freeland, Richard M. Academia's Golden Age: Universities m Massachusetts 1945-1990. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
64. Friedberg, Erhard, and Christine Musselin. "The Academic Profession in France." In The Academic Profession: National, Disciplinary, and Institutional Settings, edited by Burton R. Clark, 93-122. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1987
65. Fruton, Joseph S. Contrasts in Scientific Style: Research Groups in the Chemical and Biochemical Sciences. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1990.
66. Garvin, David A. The Economics of University Behavior New York: Academic Press, 1980.
67. Geiger, Roger L. "Reform and Restraint in Higher Education: The French Experience, 1865-1914." Working Paper no. 2, Higher Education Research Group, Yale University, October 1975.
68. Geiger, Roger L. Private Sectors in Higher Education: Structure, Function, and Change in Eight Countries. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1986.
69. Geiger, Roger L. To Advance Knowledge: The Growth of American Research Universities, 1900-1940. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
70. Geiger, Roger L. "Historical Development of the American Research University " Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, San Francisco, January 16, 1989
71. Geiger, Roger L. "Introduction, Section II: The Institutional Fabric of the Higher Education System." In The Encyclopedia of Higher Education, edited by Burton R. Clark and Guy Neave. Vol. 2. Analytical Perspectives, 1031-1047 Ox ford: Pergamon Press, 1992.
72. Geiger, Roger L. Research and Relevant Knowledge: American Research Universities Since World War II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
73. Geliert, Claudius. "The German Model of Research and Advanced Education." In The Research Foundations of Graduate Education: Germany, France, Britain, United States, Japan, edited by Burton R. Clark, 5-44. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1993.
74. Geiger, Roger L. "The Conditions of Research Training in Contemporary German Universities." In The Research Foundations of Graduate Education: Germany, France, Britain, United States, Japan, edited by Burton R. Clark, 45-66. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1993.
75. "German Universities Bursting at the Seams." Science, vol. 243, March 17, 1989, 1427
76. Gerth, H. H., and C. Wright Mills, eds. From Max Weber• Essays in Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1946.
77. Gilpin, Robert. France in the Age of the Scientific State. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968.
78. Glazer, Judith S. The Master's Degree: Tradition, Diversity, Innovation. ASHE ERIC Higher Education Research Report no. 6, 1986. Washington, D.C.. Association for the Study of Higher Education, 1986.
79. Goldberg, Pierre. "The University System in France." In Funding Higher Education: A Six-Nation Analysis, edited by Lyman A. Glenny, 25-51. New York: Praeger, 1979
80. Guin, Jacques. "The Reawakening of Higher Education in France." European Journal of Education 25, no. 2 (1990): 123-145.
81. Gumport, Patricia J. "Graduate Education and Organized Research in the United States." In The Research Foundations of Graduate Education: Germany, Britain, France, United States, Japan, edited by Burton R. Clark, 225-259 Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1993.
82. Gumport, Patricia J "Graduate Education and Research Imperatives: Views from American Campuses." In The Research Foundations of Graduate Education: Germany, Britain, France, United States, Japan, edited by Burton R. Clark, 261-293. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1993.
83. Hackett, Edward J. "Science as a Vocation m the 1990s." Journal of Higher Education 61, no. 3 (1990): 241-279
84. Hackman, Judith Dozier. "Power and Centrality in the Allocation of Resources in Colleges and Universities." Administrative Science Quarterly 30 (1985): 61,77
85. Hagstrom, Warren. The Scientific Community. New York: Basic Books, 1965. Halsey, A. H. Decline of Donnish Dominion: The British Academic Professions in the Twentieth Century. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
86. Halsey, A. H., and M. A. Trow. The British Academics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971.
87. Harrold, R. "Resource Allocation." In The Encyclopedia of Higher Education, edited by Burton R. Clark and Guy Neave. 2: 1464-1476. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1992.
88. Hearnden, Arthur. Education in the Two Germanies. Boulder, Colo.. Westview Press, 1976.
89. Henkel, Mary, and Maurice Kogan. "Research Training and Graduate Education: The British Macro Structure." In The Research Foundations of Graduate Education: Germany, Britain, France, United States, Japan, edited by Burton R. Clark, 71-114. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1993.
90. Heyck, Thomas William. "The Idea of a University m Britain, 1870-1970." History of European Ideas 8, no. 2 (1987): 205-219
91. Hirsh, Wendy "Postgraduate Training of Researchers." In The Future of Research, edited by Geoffrey Oldham, 190-209 At the University, Guildford, Surrey Society for Research into Higher Education, 1982.
92. Hoch, Paul K. "The Reception of Central European Refugee Physicists of the 1930s: U.S.S.R., U.K., U.S.A." Annals of Science, vol. 40, 1983, 217-246.
93. Hoffman, Stanley "Paradoxes of the French Political Community " In In Search of France, edited by Stanley Hoffman, 1-117 Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963.
94. Hofstadter, Richard, and Walter P Metzger. The Development of Academic Freedom m the United States. New York: Columbia University Press, 1955.
95. Hogan, J. V "Graduate Schools: The Organisation of Graduate Education." ESRC Policy Document. Warwick: Center for Educational Development Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, 1993. Occasional Paper.
96. Holmes, Frederic L. "The Complementarity of Teaching and Research in Lie big's Laboratory " In Science in Germany: The Intersection of Institutional and Intellectual Issues, edited by Kathryn M. Olesko, 121-164. Philadelphia: History of Science Society, 1989 Osiris, vol. 3.
97. Hough, J. R. "Finance." In The Encyclopedia of Higher Education, edited by Burton R. Clark and Guy Neave. 2: 1353-1358. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1992.
98. Huber, Ludwig. "A Field of Uncertainty Postgraduate Studies in the Federal Republic of Germany " European Journal of Education 21, no. 3 (1986): 287-305.
99. Hüfner, Klaus. "Differentiation and Competition in Higher Education: Recent Trends m the Federal Republic of Germany " European Journal of Education 22, no. 22 (1987): 133-143.
100. Hughes, H. Stuart. The Sea Change: The Migration of Social Thought, 1930- 65. New York: Harper & Row, 1975.
101. Humboldt, Wilhelm von. "On the Spirit and the Organizational Framework of Intellectual Institutions in Berlin." Translated by Edward Shils Minerva 8 (1970): 242-250.
102. Ince, Martin. "Science Mandarins Back Elite Schools," Times Higher Education Supplement, 1992.
103. Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). "The Electrical Engineering Nifty 50: Top 25 Universities and Top 25 Industrial Firms Ranked by Citation Impact." Science Watch 2, no. 9 (October 1991): 1-8.
104. Institute for Scientific Information "Chemistry That Counts: The Frontrunners in Four Fields." Science Watch 3, no. 3 (April 1992): 1-8.
105. Institute for Scientific Information "Latest Citation Statistics Show U.S. Science Still Strong." Science Watch 3, no. 7 (Sept. 1992): 1-8.
106. International Consultative Committee on New Organizational Forms of Graduate Research Training. "Postgraduate Research Training Today Emerging Structures for a Changing Europe." Ministry of Education and Science, The Netherlands,1992.
107. Irvine, John, and Ben R. Martin. Foresight tn Science: Picking the Winners. London: Frances Pinter, 1984.
108. Irvine, John, and Ben R. Martin "International Comparisons of Scientific Performance Revisited." Scientometrics 15, nos. 5/6 (1989): 369-392.
109. Irvine, John, Ben R. Martin, and Phoebe A. Isard. Investing in the Future: An International Comparison of Government Funding of Academic and Related Research. Aldershot, Hants., England: Edward Elgar, 1990.
110. James, Estelle. "Cross-Subsidization in Higher Education: Does It Pervert Pri vate Choice and Public Policy'" In Private Education: Studies in Choice and Public Policy, edited by Daniel C. Levy, 237-257 New York: Oxford, 1986.
111. James, Estelle "Decision Processes and Priorities in Higher Education." In The Economics of American Universities, edited by Stephen A. Holmack and Eileen L. Collins, 77-106. Albany State University of New York Press, 1990.
112. James, William. "The Ph.D. Octopus." In James, Memoirs and Studies. Lon don: Longmans, Green, 1912.
113. Jencks, Christopher, and David Riesman. The Academic Revolution. Garden City, N.Y.Doubleday, 1968.
114. Jensen, Jens-Jorgen. "Research and Teaching in the Universities of Denmark: Does Such an Interplay Really Exist?" Higher Education 17 (1988): 17-26.
115. Joas, Hans. "The Federal Republic of Germany University and Career Opportunities for Young Scientists." Higher Education Policy 3, no. 1 (1990): 41- 45.
116. Johnson, Harry G. "National Styles in Economic Research: The United States, The United Kingdom, Canada and Various European Countries." Daedalus (Spring 1973): 65-74.
117. Johnson, Jeffrey Allan. The Katser's Chemists: Science and Modernization m Imperial Germany. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990.
118. Jones, David R. The Origins of Civic Universities: Manchester, Leeds, & Liver pool. London: Routledge, 1988.
119. Jungnickel, Christa, and Russell McCormmach. Intellectual Mastery of Nature: Theoretical Physics from Ohm to Einstein. Vol. 1. The Torch of Mathemat ics 1800-1870. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
120. Kanigel, Robert. Apprentice to Genius: The Making of a Scientific Dynasty. New York: Macmillan, 1986.
121. Karl, Barry D., and Stanley N. Katz. "The American Private Philanthropic Foundation and the Public Sphere 1890-1930." Minerva 19 (1981): 236- 270.
122. Kawashima, Tatsuo, and Fumihiro Maruyama. "The Education of Advanced Students in Japan: Engineering, Physics, Economics, and History " In The Research Foundations of Graduate Education: Germany, Britain, France, United States, Japan, edited by Burton R. Clark, 326-353. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1993.
123. Kehm, B., and U. Teichler. "Federal Republic of Germany" In Encyclopedia of Higher Education, edited by Burton R. Clark and Guy Neave. Vol. 1. Na tional Systems of Higher Education, 240-260. Oxford: Pergamon, 1992.
124. Kerr, Clark. "A Critical Age in the University World: Accumulated Heritage versus Modern Imperatives." European Journal of Education 22, no. 2 (1987): 183-193.
125. Kerr, Clark. "The New Race to be Harvard or Berkeley or Stanford." Change (May/ June 1991): 8-15.
126. Kimball, Bruce A. "Japanese Liberal Education: A Case Study in Its National Context." Teachers College Record 83, no. 2 (1981): 245-261.
127. Kitamura, Kazuyuki. "Mass Higher Education." In Changes in the Japanese University: A Comparative Perspective, edited by William K. Cummings, Ikuo Amano, and Kazuyaki Kitamura, 64-82. New York: Praeger, 1979
128. Kogan, Maurice. "Implementing Expenditure Cuts in British Higher Education." Paper presented at the International Conference on Studies of Higher Education and Research Organisation, Dalerb, Sweden, 1983.
129. Kogan, Maurice, with E. Boyle and A. Crosland. The Politics of Education. Harmondsworth (U.K.): Penguin, 1971.
130. Koh, B. C. Japan's Administrative Elite. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1989
131. Kubota, Akira. Higher Civil Servants in Postwar Japan: Their Social Origtns, Educational Backgrounds, and Career Patterns. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969
132. Latour, Bruno, and Steve Woolgar. Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts. Beverly Hills, Calif. Sage Publications, 1979
133. Levy, Daniel C. Higher Education and the State in Latin America: Private Challenges to Public Dominance. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
134. Lindsay, Alan W., and Ruth T. Neumann. The Challenge for Research in Higher Education: Harmontztng Excellence and Utility. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report no. 8. Washington, D.C. Association for the Study of Higher Education, 1988.
135. Lundgren, Peter. "Differentiation in German Higher Education." In The Trans formation of Higher Learning 1860-1930: Expansion, Differentiation, Social Opening, and Professionalization m England, Germany, Russia, and the United States, edited by Konrad H. Jarausch, 149-179 Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.
136. McClelland, Charles E. State, Society, and University in Germany 1700-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
137. Massow, Valentin V Organization and Promotion of Science in the Federal Republic of Germany. Bonn: InterNationes, 1986.
138. Merton, Robert K. "The Matthew Effect in Science." In Robert K. Merton, The Sociology of Science, 439-459 Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972. Metzger, Walter P "The Academic Profession in the United States." In The Academic Profession: National, Disciplinary, and Institutional Settings, edited by Burton R. Clark, 123-208. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1987
139. Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (Japan). Statistical Abstract of Edu cation, Science and Culture. 1988 ed. Tokyo, 1988.
140. Ministry of Education, Science and Culture Statistical Abstract of Education, Science and Culture. 1989 ed. Tokyo, 1989
141. Mommsen, Wolfgang J. "The Academic Profession in the Federal Republic of Germany" In The Academic Profession: National, Disciplinary, and Institutional Settings, edited by Burton R. Clark, 60-92. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1987
142. Morrell, J. B. "Science in the Universities: Some Reconsiderations." In Solo mon's House Revisited: The Organization and Institutionalization of Science, edited by Tore Frängsmyr, 51-64. Canton, Mass. Watson Publish ing International, 1990. (Science History Publications, U.S.A.)
143. Moses, Ingrid. "Teaching, Research and Scholarship in Different Disciplines." Higher Education 19 (1990): 351-375.
144. Muir, William R. "The Historical Development of the Teacher-Researcher Ideal in Germany and the U.S.A." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, San Diego, Calif. February 1987
145. Nagai, Michio Higher Education in Japan: Its Take-Off and Crash. Translated by Jerry Dusenbury Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1971.
146. Narin, Francis, and J. Davidson Frame. "The Growth of Japanese Science and Technology" Science 245 (August 11, 1989): 600-604.
147. National Research Council (U.S.). Learning the R&D System: University Research in japan and the United States. Washington, D.C. National Acad emy Press, 1989
148. National Research Council The "Working Environment for Research in U.S. and Japanese Universities: Contrasts and Commonalities. Washington, D.C. National Academy Press, 1989
149. National Science Board (U.S.). Science and Engineering Indicators—1991. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991. (NSB 91-1.)
150. National Science Foundation (U.S.). Science and Engineering Education for the 1980s and Beyond Washington, D.C. NSF, 1981.
151. National Science Foundation (U.S.). "Science Resources Studies Highlights." August 25,1989 Washington, D.C.. NSF, 1989
152. Nature. "Opinion: Tokyo's Brave Reform." Vol. 338, March 9, 1989,100.
153. Neave, Guy "Elite and Mass Higher Education in Bntain: A Regressive Model?" Comparative Education Review 29, no. 3 (1985): 347-361.
154. Neave, Guy "France." In The School and the University: An International Perspective, edited by Burton R. Clark, 10-44. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1985.
155. Neave, Guy "On Preparing for Markets." European Journal of Education 25, no. 2 (1990): 114-116.
156. Neave, Guy "On Visions of the Market Place." Higher Education Quarterly 45, no. 1 (1991): 25-40.
157. Neave, Guy "Séparation de Corps: The Training of Advanced Students and the Organization of Research in France." In The Research Foundations of Graduate Education: Germany, Britain, France, United States, Japan, edited by Burton R. Clark, 159-191. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1993.
158. Neave, Guy "On Meat and Poissons: Exceptionalism and Similarity in the French Research Training System." Unpublished paper, 1992.
159. Neave, Guy "Utilitarianism by Increment: Disciplinary Differences and Higher Edu cation Reform in France." Unpublished paper.
160. Neave, Guy, and Richard Edelstein. "The Research Trammg System in France: A Microstudy of Three Academic Disciplines." In The Research Foundations of Graduate Education: Germany, Britain, France, United States, Japan, edited by Burton R. Clark, 192-220. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and Lon don: University of California Press, 1993.
161. Neave, Guy, and Gary Rhoades. "The Academic Estate m Western Europe." In The Academic Profession: National, Disciplinary and Institutional Settings, edited by Burton R. Clark, 211-270. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1987
162. Neumann, Ruth Theresia Rosa. "A Study of the Research Role within Academic Work." Ph.D. dissertation, Macquane University, 1990.
163. Olesko, Kathryn M. Physics as a Calling: Discipline and Practice m the Königs berg Seminar for Physics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.
164. Oleson, Alexandra, and John Voss, eds. The Organization of Knowledge m Modern America, 1860-1920. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979
165. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The Future of University Research. Pans: OECD, 1981.
166. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Post-Graduate Education in the 1980s. Pans: OECD, 1987
167. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Universities Under Scrutiny. Pans: OECD, 1987
168. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Financing Higher Education. Pans: OECD, 1990.
169. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Main Science and Technology Indicators: 1992 (2). Pans: OECD, 1992.
170. Palmer, R. R. "The University Idea in the Revolutionary Era." In The Consortium on Revolutionary Europe, 1750-1850. 1972 Proceedings, edited by Lee Kennett, 1-17 Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1972.
171. Palmer, R. R. The School of the French Revolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975.
172. Palmer, R. R. The Improvement of Humanity: Education and the French Revolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985.
173. Pascarella, Ernest T., and Patrick T. Terenzini. How College Affects Students: Findings and Insights from Twenty Years of Research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1991.
174. Peisert, Hansgert, and Gerhild Framhein. Systems of Higher Education: Federal Republic of Germany. New York: International Council for Educational Development, 1978.
175. Perkin, Harold. "The Historical Perspective." In Perspectives on Higher Education: Eight Disciplinary and Comparative Views, edited by Burton R. Clark, 17-55. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1984.
176. Perkin, Harold. "The Academic Profession in the United Kingdom." In The Academic Profession: National, Disciplinary, & Institutional Settings, edited by Bur ton R. Clark, 13-59 Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1987
177. Portes, Richard. "Economics in Europe." European Economic Review 31 (1987): 1329-1340.
178. Pratt, John, and Tyrell Burgess. Polytechnics: A Report. London: Pitman, 1974.
179. Ringer, Fritz K. Education and Society in Modern Europe. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1979
180. Rohlen, Thomas P Japan's High Schools. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1983.
181. Rontopoulou, Jeanne Lamoure, and Jean Lamoure. "French University Education: A Brief Overview, 1984-1987 " European Journal of Education 23, nos. 1/2 (1988): 37-45.
182. Rosenzweig, Robert M. "Graduate Education and Its Patrons." Keynote Ad dress, 28th Annual Meeting, and Occasional Paper. Washington, D.C. Council of Graduate Schools, 1988.
183. Rosenzweig, Robert M. "Grant Financing: PI Salaries." Science 247 (March 23, 1990): "Let ters."
184. Rosovsky, Henry The University: An Owner's Manual. New York: W W Norton, 1990.
185. Rothblatt, Sheldon. The Revolution of the Dons: Cambridge and Society in Victorian England. Cambndge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. (First published by Faber & Faber and Basic Books, 1968.)
186. Rothblatt, Sheldon. "The Idea of the Idea of a University and Its Antithesis." Bundoora, Australia: Seminar on the Sociology of Culture, La Trobe University, 1989
187. Rowland, Henry A. "A Plea for Pure Science" (an 1883 address to the American Association for the Advancement of Science). In The Physical Papers of Henry Augustus Rowland, 593-619 Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1902.
188. Rudd, E. The Highest Education. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975.
189. Saline, George H. "The Two Democratic Traditions." Philosophical Review 61 (October 1952): 451-474.
190. Scaff, Lawrence A. Fleemg the Iron Cage: Culture, Politics, and Modernity in the Thought of Max Weber Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1989
191. Science. "News and Comment: Japan Faces Big Task in Improving Basic Science," vol. 243, March 10, 1989, 1285-1287
192. Scott, Peter. The Crisis of the University. London: Croom Helm, 1984.
193. Scott, Peter "Knowledge's Outer Shape, Inner Life." Times Higher Education Supplement (August 16, 1991): 12.
194. Scott, Peter "Anachronistic Elites." Times Higher Education Supplement, 1992.
195. Seibold, E. "Funding of Research in Germany" Science and Public Affairs 4 (1989): 21-30.
196. Selvaratnam, Viswanathan. Innovations in Higher Education: Singapore at the Competitive Edge. Washington, D.C.. World Bank, March 10, 1992. (Background paper, Education and Employment Division, Population and Human Resources Department.)
197. Shattock, M. L. "The UGC and Standards," In Standards and Criteria in Higher Educatton, edited by Graeme Moodie, 46-64. At the University, Guildford, Surrey Society for Research into Higher Education, 1986.
198. Shmn, T. "How French Universities Became What They Are." Minerva XXIII, no. 1 (Spring 1985), 159-165.
199. Shmn, T. "Specialized Institutions: Grandes Ecoles." In The Encyclopedia of Higher Education, edited by Burton R. Clark and Guy Neave. Vol. 2, Analytical Perspectives, 1225-1229 Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1992.
200. Simpson, Renate. How the Ph.D. Came to Britain: A Century of Struggle for Postgraduate Education. At the University, Guildford, Surrey Society for Research into Higher Education, 1983.
201. Smith, Bruce L. R., ed. The State of Graduate Educatton. Washington, D.C.. Brookings Institution, 1985.
202. Smith, Bruce L. R., and Joseph J. Karlesky The State of Academic Science: The Universities in the Nation's Research Effort. New York: Change Magazine Press, 1977
203. Smith, Robert J. The École Normale Supérieure and the Third Republic. Albany State University of New York Press, 1982.
204. Spurr, Stephen H. Academic Degree Structures: Innovative Approaches. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970.
205. Squires, Geoffrey First Degree: The Undergraduate Curriculum. Buckingham: Society for Research into Higher Education, 1990.
206. Stewart, W A. C. Higher Education in Postwar Britain. London: Macmillan, 1989
207. Storr, Richard J. The Beginning of the Future: A Historical Approach to Graduate Educatton in the Arts and Science. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1973. Suleiman, Ezra N. Elites in French Society: The Politics of Survival. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978.
208. Taxell, Christoffer. "Higher Education System and Higher Education Policy in Finland." Paper presented at conference "Policy Change in Higher Education," Univiersity of Turku, Turku, Finland, June 1990.
209. Teichler, Ulrich. "The Federal Republic of Germany" In The School and the University: An International Perspective, edited by Burton R. Clark, 45 - 76. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1985.
210. Teichler, Ulrich. Changing Patterns of the Higher Education System: The Experience of Three Decades. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 1988.
211. Teichler, Ulrich. The First Years of Study at Fachhochschulen and Universities m the Federal Republic of Germany. Kassel: Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Berufs- und Hochschulforschung der Gesamthochschule, 1990.
212. Times Higher Education Supplement, July 29, 1988.
213. Thulstrup, Eric W Improving the Quality of Research in Developing Country Universities. Washington, D.C. World Bank, January 11, 1992. (Back ground paper, Education and Employment Division, Population and Hu man Resources Department.)
214. Trow, Martin A. "Problems in the Transition from Elite to Mass Higher Education." In Policies for Higher Education, 51-101. Paris: OECD, 1974.
215. Trow, Martin A. "The Analysis of Status." In Perspectives on Higher Education: Eight Disciplinary and Comparative Views, edited by Burton R. Clark, 132-164. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1984. "
216. Trow, Martin A. Academic Standards and Mass Higher Education." Higher Education Quaterly 41, no. 3 (1987): 268-291.
217. Turner, Henry Ashby, Jr. The Two Germanies Since 1945 New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987
218. Turner, R. Steven. "The Growth of Professorial Research in Prussia, 1818 to 1848—Causes and Consequences." Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences. 3 (1971): 137-182.
219. Turner, R. Steven. "University Reformers and Professorial Scholarship in Germany 1760- 1806." In The Untversity in Society. Vol. 2. Europe, Scotland, and the United States from the 16th to the 20th Century, edited by Lawrence Stone, 495-531. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974.
220. Umakoshi, Toru. "Korean Higher Education from a Japanese Perspective." In Development of Higher Education in Korea and Japan, 63-73. Seoul: Korean Council for University Education, 1985.
221. U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). Educating Scientists and Engineers: Grade School to Grad School. OTA-SET-377 Washington, D.C.. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1988.
222. Ushiogi, Morikazu. "Graduate Education and Research Organization in Ja pan." In The Research Foundations of Graduate Education: Germany, Brit am, France, United States, Japan, edited by Burton R. Clark, 299-325. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1993.
223. Van de Graaff, John H. "Federal Republic of Germany " In Academic Power Patterns of Authority in Seven National Systems of Higher Education, edited by John H. Van de Graaff, Burton R. Clark, Dorotea Furth, Dietrich Goldschmidt, and Donald F Wheeler, 15-36. New York: Praeger, 1978.
224. Van de Graaff, John H., and Dorotea Furth. "France." In Academic Power Patterns of Authority in Seven National Systems of Higher Education, edited by John H. Van de Graaff, Burton R. Clark, Dorotea Furth, Dietrich Goldschmidt, and Donald F Wheeler, 49-66. New York: Praeger, 1978.
225. Veysey, Laurence R. The Emergence of the American University. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965.
226. Weber, Max. From Max Weber• Essays m Sociology. Translated by H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills. New York: Oxford University Press, 1946.
227. Weick, Karl E. "Contradictions in a Community of Scholars: The Cohesion-Ac curacy Tradeoff." Review of Higher Education 6, no. 4 (1983): 253-267
228. Weisz, George. The Emergence of Modern Universities m France, 1863-1914. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.
229. Williams, Bruce. University Responses to Research Selectivity. London: Center for Higher Education Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, 1991.
230. Williams, Gareth, and Tessa Blackstone. Response to Adversity: Higher Education in a Harsh Climate. SRHE Leverhulme 10. At the University, Guildford, Surrey Society for Research into Higher Education, 1983.
231. Wolfle, Dael. The Home of Science: The Role of the University. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972.
232. Zuckerman, Harriet. Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States. New York: Free Press, 1977