Allied by Surprise? the Economic Case for an Anti-Discrimination Statute

German Law Journal

Volumn 4, Issue 7, 2003, Pages 685-699

  Engert, Andreas ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 85175835260     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20718322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S2071832200016333     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Cf. FEDERAL MINISTRY OF JUSTICE, Discussion Draft of an Act to Prevent Discriminations in Private Law (Diskussionsentwurf eines Gesetzes zur Verhinderung von Diskriminierungen im Zivilrecht), available at http://www.bmj.bund.de/images/11312.pdf
2. BAER, MAHLMANN and NICKEL in Annual of German & European Law (Russell Miller/Peer Zumbansen eds., Berghahn Books, 2003, forthcoming);
3. German Law Journal (2002) with contributions by VENNEMANN, LADEUR and WINKLER, available at http://www.germanlawjournal.com.
4. See Council Directive 2000/43/EC of June 29, 2000, and Council Directive 2000/78/EC of November 27, 2000.
5. See Art. 1 of Directive 2000/43/EC as opposed to Art. 1 of Directive 2000/78/EC.
6. MAHLMANN, Legal parameters of European Anti- Discrimination Law, in Annual of German & European Law (Russell Miller/Peer Zumbansen eds., Berghahn Books, 2003, forthcoming).
7. See NICKEL, NJW 2001, 2668 at 2672.
8. NICKEL, Gleichheit und Differenz in der vielfältigen Republik (1999) at 154-5 and passim;
9. BAER, ZRP 2002, 290;
10. VENNEMANN, Germ. L. J. 3 (2002), issue 3 at § 23;
11. WINKLER, Germ. L. J. 3 (2002)
12. BEZZENBERGER, AcP 196 (1996), 395 at 410-2 (1996), deriving a ban on ethnical discrimination from Kant's Categorical Imperative.
13. See ADOMEIT, NJW 2002, 1622 at 1622-3;
14. LADEUR, Germ. L. J. 3 (2002), issue 5;
15. PICKER, JZ 2003, 540;
16. WIEDEMANN/THÜSING, DB 2002, 463 and NEUNER, JZ 2003, 57.
17. See SÄCKER, ZRP 2002, 286 at 289: "Robespierre would have liked this statute." See also BRAUN, JuS 2002, 424 (in a fictitious dialogue).
18. R. POSNER, Economic Analysis of Law (2003) at 27-8.
19. EIDENMÜLLER, Effizienz als Rechtsprinzip (1995).
20. See R. POSNER, Economic Analysis of Law (2003) at 27.
21. FRIEDMAN, Capitalism and Freedom (1962) at 113.
22. See SÄCKER, ZRP 2002, 286 at 289;
23. LADEUR, Germ. L. J. 3 (2002), issue 5 at § 9.
24. SCHWAB, Employment Discrimination, in: BOUCKAERT/DE GEEST, Encyclopedia of Law and Economics (2000) at 572.
25. HASNAS, Equal Opportunity, Affirmative Action, and the Anti-Discrimination Principle: The Philosophical Basis for the Legal Prohibition of Discrimination, George Mason Law and Economics Working Paper 02-28, available at http://papers.ssrn.com.
26. R. POSNER, Penn. L. Rev. 136 (1987), 513 at 515-6.
27. See R. POSNER, The Economics of Justice (2 ed 1983) at 352-3
28. SCHWAB, Employment Discrimination, in: BOUCKAERT/DE GEEST, Encyclopedia of Law and Economics (2000) at 572.
29. ADOMEIT, NJW 2002, 1622 at 1623.
30. For a more detailed discussion see SCHWAB, Employment Discrimination, in: BOUCKAERT/DE GEEST, Encyclopedia of Law and Economics (2000) at 572.
31. PHELPS, Am. Econ. Rev. 62 (1972), 659
32. ARROW, The Theory of Discrimination, in: ASHENFELTER/REES, Discrimination in Labor Markets (1973) at 23 et seq.
33. See Süddeutsche Zeitung of April 14, 2002, p. V2/32
34. Nickel, Gleichheit und Differenz in der vielfältigen Republik (1999) at 125-7
35. The link between citizenship and crime rate is notorious, cf. Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik 2000 (Official Crime Statistics for the Year 2000, available at www.bka.de)
36. MUESER, Discrimination, in: EATWELL et al., The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (1987) at 856, and AKERLOF, Q. J. Econ. 90 (1976), 599 at 608 et seq.
37. EPSTEIN, Forbidden Grounds (1992) at 91 et seq.
38. See DONOHUE III, Discrimination in Employment, in NEWMAN, The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law (1998) at 615.
39. See MCADAMS, Harv. L. Rev. 108 (1995), 1005 at 1045 et seq.;
40. E. POSNER, Law and Social Norms (2000), at 133 et seq. ;
41. EATWELL et al., The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (1987) at 856.
42. See WINKLER (n. 26);
43. BAER, ZRP 2002, 290 at 292.
44. See EIDENMÜLLER (n. 9), particularly at 207 et seq.
45. See AKERLOF, Q. J. Econ. 90 (1976), 599 at 601
46. On statistical discrimination, see SCHWAB, Am. Econ. Rev. 76 (1986), 228.
47. R. POSNER, Penn. L. Rev. 136 (1987), 513 at 516.
48. See ARROW, The Theory of Discrimination, in: ASHENFELTER/REES, Discrimination in Labor Markets (1973) at 26 et seq.;
49. AKERLOF, Q. J. Econ. 90 (1976), 599 at 606-8;
50. MORO/NORMAN, A General Equilibrium Model of Statistical Discrimination, SSRN Working Paper (2002).
51. See the most recent 10. Koordinierte Bevölkerungsvorausberechnung (10th Population Projection) of the Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office) at 28 et seq. available at http://www.destatis.de/presse/deutsch/pk/2003/Bevoelkerung_2050.pdf (in German).
52. A press release on the report in English is available at http://www.destatis.de/presse/englisch/pm2003/p2300022.htm
53. Cf. NEUNER, JZ 2003, 57 at 62.
54. SACKSOFSKY, however, in an interview with the Süddeutsche Zeitung of March 8, 2003, p. 27
55. Financial Times Deutschland of June 25, 2003, at 13.
56. Cf. R. POSNER, The Economics of Justice (2 ed 1983) at 85.
57. MORO/NORMAN, A General Equilibrium Model of Statistical Discrimination, SSRN Working Paper (2002) passim and at 21 et seq.
58. This is the gist of EPSTEIN, Forbidden Grounds (1992), particularly at 60 et seq.