Bone Metabolism: Effects of Essential and Toxic Trace Metals

Toxicology Metals

Volumn , Issue , 2023, Pages 959-971

  Bhattacharyya, Maryka H ^a   Jeffery, Elizabeth ^b   Silbergeld, Ellen K ^c  

^a ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85173867635     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9781003418917-83     Document Type: Chapter

References (158)

1. Abraham. G. E. and Grewal, H. (1990), J. Reprod. Med., 35, 503-507.
2. Abreao, K., Brown, S. T., Sella, M., and Trapp, G. (1989), Lab. Clin. Med, 113, 50-57.
3. Ahlgren, L., Liden, K., Mattsson, S., and Tejning, S. (1976), Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 2(2), 82-86.
4. Aloia, J. F., Cohn, S. H., Baswani, A., Yeh, J. K., Yven, K., and Ellis, K. (1985), Am. J. Med, 78, 95-100.
5. Anderson, C. and Danylchuk, K. D. (1978), Calcif. Tissue Res., 26, 143-148.
6. Anderson, C. and Danylchuck, K. D. (1979), Calcif. Tissue Int., 27, 121-126.
7. Ando, M., Sayato, Y, and Osawa, T. (1978), Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 46, 625-632.
8. Angle, C. R. and Kuntzelman, D. R. (1989),.7. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 26, 149-156.
9. Aubin, J. E., Turksen, K., and Heersche, J. N. M. (1993), in Cellular and Molecular Biology of Bone, Nöda, M., Ed., Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1-45.
10. Baron, R., Ravesloot, J.-H., Neff, L., Chakraborty, M., Chatterjee, D., Lomri, A., and Home, W. (1993), in Cellular and Molecular Biology of Bone, Nöda, M, Ed., Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 445-495.
11. Barry, P. S. I. (1975), Br. J. Ind. Med, 32, 119-139.
12. Bernard, A., Lauwerys, R., and Gengoux, P. (1981), Toxicology, 20, 345-357.
13. Bhattacharyya, M. H., Whelton, B. D., and Peterson, D. P. (1981), Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol, 61, 335-342.
14. Bhattacharyya, M. H., Whelton, B. D., Stern P. H, and Peterson, D. P. (1988a), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. U.S.A., 85, 8761-8765.
15. Bhattacharyya, M. H., Whelton, B. D., and Peterson, D. P., Carnes, B. A., Moretti, E. S., Toomey, J. M., and Williams, L. L. (1988b), Toxicology, 50, 193-204.
16. Bhattacharyya, M. H. (1991), Water Air Soil Pollut., 57/58, 665-674.
17. Bhattacharyya, M. H., Peterson, D. P., and Sacco-Gibson, N. (1992), in Edited Proceedings 7th Int. Cadmium Conf. New Orleans, Cook, M. E., Hiscock, S. A., Morrow, H., and Volpe, R., Eds., Cadmium Association, London; Cadmium Council, Virginia; International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Raleigh-Durham, NC, 113-114.
18. Bhattacharyya, M. H., Wilson, A. K., Silbergeld, E. K., Watson, L., and Jeffery, E. (1995), in Metal Toxicology, Goyer, R., Waalkes, M., and Klaassen, C, Eds., Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 465-509.
19. Bonner. F. W. King, L. J., and Parke, D. V. (1981), J. Inorg. Biochem., 14, 107-114.
20. Bigi, A., Foresti. E., Gregorini, R., Ripamonti, A., Roveri. N., and Shah, J. S. (1992), Calcif. Tissue Int., 50, 439-444.
21. Bolze, M. S., Reeves, R. D., Lindbeck, F. E., Kemp, S. E, and Elders, M. J. (1985), J. Nutr, 115, 352-358.
22. Boskey, A. L. (1990), Orthop. Clin. North Am., 21, 19.
23. Boskey, A. L., Rimnac C. M., Bansal, M., Federman, M., Lian, J., and Boyan, B. D. (1992), J. Orthopaedic Res., 10, 774-783.
24. Brody et al. (1994), JAMA, 272, 277-283.
25. Bronner, F. (1994), Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 60, 831-836.
26. Burch, R. E., Hahn, H. K. J., and Sullivan, J. F. (1975), Clin. Chim., 21, 501-520.
27. Burnell, J. M., Liu, C, Miller, A. G., and Teubner, E. (1986), Am. J. Physiol, 250, 1302-1307.
28. Cardenas, A., Bernard, A. M., and Lauwerys, R. R. (1991), Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol, 108, 547-558.
29. Carpenter, T. O., MacKowiak, S. J., Troiano, N., and Gundberg, C. M. (1992), Am. J. Physiol, 263, E107-E114.
30. Chazan, J. A., Libbey. N. P., London, M. R., Pono, L., and Abuelo, J. G. (1991), Clin. Nephrol, 35, 78-85.
31. Choi, H. U., Tang, L., Johnson, T. L., Pal, S., and Rosenberg, L. C. (1983), J. Biol. Chem., 258, 655.
32. Ciancaglini, P., Pizauro, J. M., Grecchi, M. J., Curti, C, and Leone, F. A. (1989), Cell. Mol. Biol, 35, 503-510.
33. Code of Federal Regulations, (1993), Cadmium, 29CFR 1910.1027, 182-183.
34. Cohen, L., Laor, A., and Kitzes, R. (1985a), Magnesium, 4, 148-152.
35. Cohen, L. (1988). Magnes. Res. (England), 1, 85-87.
36. Cohen, N. L., Keen, C. L., Hurley, L. S., and Lonnerdal, B. (1985b), J. Nutr, 115, 710-725.
37. Coleman, J. E. and Gettins, P. (1983), Adv. Enzymol, 55, 382-452.
38. Coumot-Winner, G., Zingraff, J., Plachott, J. J., Escaig, E, Lefevre, R., Boumati, P., Bourdeau, A., Garabedian, M., Galle, P., Bourdon, R., Drueke, T., and Balsan, S. (1981), Kidney Int., 20, 375-385.
39. Daniell, H. W. (1976), Arch. Intern. Med., 136, 298-304.
40. Dollwet, H. H. A. and Sorenson, J. R. J. (1988), Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 18, 39-48.
41. Eisenstein, R. and Kawanoue, S. (1975), Am. J. Pathol, 80, 309-316.
42. Elinder, C.-G., Friberg, L., Lind, B., and Jawaid, M. (1983), Environ. Res., 32. 332-227.
43. Evans, J. L. and Abraham, P. A. (1973), J. Nutr., 103, 196-201.
44. Friberg, L. T, Piscator, M., Nordberg, G. E, and Kjellstrom. T. (1974), Cadmium in the Environment, 2nd ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 137-195.
45. Friberg, L., Elinder, C, Kjellstrom. T, and Nordberg, G. F. (1986), Cadmium and Health: A Toxicological and Epidemiological Appraisal, Vol. 2. Effects and Responses, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
46. Friedman, B. J., Freeland-Graves, J. H., Bales, C. W., Behmardi. E, Shorey-Kutschke, R. L., Willis, R. A., Crosby, J. B., Trickett, P. C, and Houston, S. D. (1987), J. Nutr, 117, 133-143.
47. Frisancho, A. R. and Ryan, A. S. (1991), Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 54, 516-519.
48. Furuta, H. (1978), Experientia, 34, 1317-1318.
49. Genge, B. R., Savor, G. R., Wu, L. N. Y., McLean, F. M., and Wuthier, R. E. (1988), J. Biol. Chem., ??, 18513-18519.
50. Goodman, W. G. (1986), Kidney Int., 29. S32-36.
51. Hamilton, J. D., O’Flaherty, E. J., Ross, R., Shukla, R., and Gartside, P. S. (1994), Environ. Res., 64, 53-64.
52. Hammond, P. B., Aronson, A. L., and Olson, C. (1967), J. Pharmacol. Exp. Then, 157, 196-206.
53. Hempe, J. B., Carlson, J. M., and Cousins, R. J. (1991), J. Nutr, 121, 1389-1396.
54. Howell, J. McC. and Gawthorne, J. M. (1985), in Copper in Animals and Man, Howell, J. McC. and Gawthorne, J. M., Eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
55. Hruska, K. A., Rolnick, R, Duncan, R. L., Medhora, M., and Yamakawa, K. (1993). in Cellular and Molecular Biology of Bone, Noda, M., Ed., Academic Press, San Diego, 414-445.
56. Hu, H., Milder, F. L., and Burger, D. E. (1990), Arch. Environ. Health, 45, 335-341.
57. Hurley. L. S., Everson. G. J., and Geiger, J. F. (1958), J. Nutr, 66, 309.
58. Hurley, L. S. (1980), in Developmental Nutrition, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 199.
59. Iguchi, H., Kasai, R., Okumura, H., Yamamuro. T, and Kagan, H. M. (1990), Bone Mineral, 10, 51-59.
60. Itokawa. Y, Nishino. K., Takashima, M., Nakuta, T, Kaito, H., Okamoto, E., Daijo, K., and Kawamura, J. (1978), Environ. Res., 15, 206-217.
61. Iwami. K. and Moriyama, T. (1993), Arch. Toxicol, 67. 352-357.
62. Jee, W. S. S. (1991), in A Basic Science Primer in Orthopaedics, Bronner, F. and Worrell, R. V. Eds.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 3-34.
63. Jeffery, E. H. (1994), in Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 118, pp. 139-161.
64. Jonas, J., Burns, J., Abel, E. W., Cresswell, M. J., Strain, J. J., and Paterson, C. R. (1993a), Ann. Nutr. Metab., 37, 245-252.
65. Jonas, J., Burns, J., Abel, E. W., Cresswell, M. J., Strain, J. J., and Paterson. C. R. (1993b), J. Biomech, 26, 271-276.
66. Kaji, X, Kawatani. R., Takata, M., Hoshino, X, Miyahara, X, Kozuka, H., and Koizumi, F. (1988a), Toxicology, 50, 303-316.
67. Kaji, X, Takata, M., Hoshino, X, Miyahara, X, Kozuka, H., Kurashige, Y, and Koizumi, F. (1988b), Toxicol. Lett., 44, 219-227.
68. Kaji, X, Takata, M., Miyahara, X, Kozuka, H., and Koisumi, F. (1990), Arch. Environ. Contain. Toxicol, 19, 653-656.
69. Kajikawa, K., Nakanishi. I., and Kuroda. K. (1981), Exp. Mol. Pathol, 34, 9-24.
70. Kido, X, Honda. R., Tsuritani, I., Ishizaske, M., Yamada, Y, Nogawa, K., Nakagawa. H., and Dohi. Y. (1991),.J. Appl. Toxicol, 11, 161-166.
71. Kimura, M., Otaki, N., Yoshiki, S., Suzuki, M., Horiuchi, N., and Suda, X (1974), Archiv. Biochem. Biophys., 165. 340-348.
72. Kirchgessner, M. and Roth, H.-P. (1983), in Metal Ions Biol. Syst., 15, 363-414.
73. Kjellstrom, X (1986), in Cadmium anil Health: A Toxicological and Epidemiological Appraisal, Vol. 2., Effects and Responses, Friberg, L., Elinder, C, Kjellstrom, X, and Nordberg, G. E, Eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 111-158.
74. Kjellstrom, X (1992), in Cadmium in the Human Environment, Nordberg, G. R, Publ. 188, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Herber, R. F. M. and Alessio, L. Eds., pp. 301-310.
75. Klein, R. F. and Wiren, K. M. (1993), Endocrinology, 132, 2531-2537.
76. Konz, R. P., Bhattacharyya. M. H., and Seed, X M. (1989). Proc. 3rd Natl. Conf. Undergrad. Res., 2, 411-416.
77. Larsson, S. E. and Piscator, M. (1971), Isr. J. Med. Sei. 7, 495-498.
78. Lau, K.-H. W., Utrapiromsuk, S., Yoo, A., Mohan, S., Strong, D. D., and Baylink, D. J. (1993), Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 303, 267-273.
79. Lauwerys, R. (1979), in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biology of Cadmium, Webb, M., Ed., Elsevier/North-Holland Bio-mechanical Press, New York, 444-447.
80. Leach, R. M., Jr. and Muenster, A.-M. (1962), J. Nutr, 78, 51-56.
81. Leach, R. M., Jr. (1971), Fed. Proc, 30, 991-994.
82. Leach, R. M., Jr. (1986), in Nutritional Bioavailability of Manganese, Kies, C. Ed., Academic Press, Orlando, 81.
83. Lieberherr, M., Grosse, B., Cournot-Witmer, G., Hermann-Erlee, M. P. M., and Balsan, S. (1987), Kidney Int., 31, 736-743.
84. Long, G. J., Rosen, J. E, and Pounds, J. G. (1990), Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol, 106, 270-277.
85. Long, G. J., Pounds, J. G., and Rosen, J. F. (1992), Calcif. Tissue Int., 50, 451-458.
86. Makgoba, M. W. and Datta, H. K. (1992), Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 22, 692-696.
87. Miyahara, T., Kato, T., Nakagawa, S., Kozuka, H., Sakai, T., Nomura, N., and Takayanagi, N. (1978), Eisei Kagaku, 24, 36-42.
88. Miyahara, T., Yamada, H., Takeuchi, M., Kozuka, H., Kato, T., and Sudo, H. (1988), Toxicol. Appl. Pharm., 96, 52-59.
89. Miyahara, T., Takata, M., Miyata, M., Nagai, M., Sugure, A., Kozuka, H., and Kuze, S. (1991), Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 47, 283-287.
90. Miyahara, T., Masakazu, T., Mori-Uchi, S., Miyata, M., Nagai, M., Sugure, A., Matsusta, M., Kozuka, H., and Kuze, S. (1992), Toxicology, 73, 93-99.
91. Miyahara, T., Komiyama, H., Mihanishi, A., Calcif. Tissue Int., 54, 165-169.
92. Morgan, K. J., Stampley, G. L., Zabik, M. E., and Fischer, D. R. (1985), J. Am. Coll. Nutr, 4, 195-206.
93. Morrissey, J., Rothstein, M., Mayor, G., and Slatopolsky, A. (1983), Kidney Int., 23, 699-704.
94. Nicaud, P., Lafitte, A., and Gros, A. (1942), Arch. Mai. Prof, 4, 192-202.
95. Nishizumi, M. (1972), Arch. Environ. Health, 24, 215-225.
96. Nöda, M., Ed. (1993), Cellular and Molecular Biology of Bone, Academic Press, San Diego, 1-567.
97. Nogawa, K. (1981), in Cadmium in the Environment, Nriagu, J. O., Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1-37.
98. Nogowa, K., Tsuritani, I., Kido, T., Honda, R., Ishizaki, M., and Yamada, Y. (1990), Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 62, 189-193.
99. Nomiyama, K., Sato, C., and Yamamoto, S. (1973), Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol, 24, 625-636.
100. Nomiyama, K., Sugata, Y, Yamamoto, A., and Nomiyama, H. (1975), Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 31, 4-12.
101. Nordal, K. P., Dahl, E., Halse, J., Aksnes, L., Thomassen, Y, and Flatmark, A. (1992), J. Clin. Endrocrinol. Metah., 74, 1140-1145.
102. Nusbaum, R. E., Butt, E. M., Gilmour, T. C. and DiDio, S. L. (1965), Arch. Environ. Health, 10, 227-232.
103. Nye, L. J. J. (1929), Med. J. Austral, 2, 145-159.
104. Ogoshi, K., Moriuama, T., and Nanzai, Y. (1989), Arch. Toxicol, 63, 320-324.
105. Ogoshi, K., Moriyama, T., and Nanzai, Y. (1990), Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 27, 97-103.
106. Ogoshi, K., Nanzai, Y, and Moriuama. T. (1992), Arch. Toxicol, 66, 315-320.
107. Oner, G., Bhaumick, B., and Bala, R. M. (1984), Endocrinology, 114, 1860-1863.
108. Puzas, J. E., Sickel, M. J., and Felter, M. E. (1992), Neurotoxicology, 13, 783-788.
109. Quartes, L. D., Gitelman, H. J., and Drezner, M. K. (1989), J. Clin. Invest., 83, 1644-1650.
110. Quarles, L. D., Hartle, J. E., II. Middleton. J. P., Zhang, J., Arthur, J. M., and Raymond, J. R. (1994), J. Cell Biochem., 56, 106-117.
111. Rabinowitz, M. (1991), Environ. Health Perspect., 91 33-37.
112. Report of the Task Group on Reference Man, ICRP Pub. 23, Snyder. W. S., Cook, M. J., Karhausen, L. R., Nasset, E. S., Howells, G. P., and Tipton, I. H., Eds. (1975), Pergamon Press, New York.
113. Ruoslahti, E. (1981), Annu. Rev. Cell Biol, 4, 229.
114. Sacco-Gibson, N., Chaudhry, S., Brock, A., Sickles, A. B., Patel, B., Hegstad, R., Johnston, S., Peterson, D., and Bhatta- charyya, M. (1992), Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol, 113, 274-283.
115. Sauk, J. J., Smith, T., Silbergeld, E. K., Fowler, B. A., and Somerman, M. J. (1992), Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol, 116, 240-247.
116. Sauk, J. J. and Somerman, M. J. (1991), Environ. Health Perspect., 91, 9-16.
117. Schultz, A., Skerfving, S., Mattson, S., Christoffersson, J. O., and Ahlgren. L. (1987), Arch. Environ. Health, 42, 340-346.
118. Severson, A. R., Haut, C. F., Firling, C. E., Thomas, E. H. (1992), Arch. Toxicol, 66, 706-712.
119. Shukla, R., Bornschein, R. L., Dietrich, K. N., Buncher, C. R., Berger, O. G., Hammond, P. B., and Succop, P. A. (1989), Pediatrics, 84, 604-612.
120. Shukla, R., Dietrich, K. N., Bornschein, R. L., Berger, O., and Hammond, P. B. (1991), Pediatrics, 88, 886-892.
121. Silbergeld, E. K., Sauk, J., Somerman, M., Todd, A., McNeill, E, Fowler, B., Fontaine, A., and van Buren, J. (1993), Neurotoxicology, 14, 225-236.
122. Silbergeld, E. K., Schwartz, J., and Mahaffey, K. (1988), Environ. Res., 47, 79-94.
123. Silbergeld, E. K. (1991), Environ. Health Perspect., 91, 63-70.
124. Silbergeld, E. K. and Watson, L. (in press), Fundam. Appl. Toxicol
125. Slemenda, C. W., Hui, S. L., Longscope, C, and Johnson, C. C, Jr. (1989), J. Bone Min. Res., 4, 737-741.
126. Somervaille, L. J., Chettle, D. R., Scott, M. C, Krishnan, G., Brown, C. J., Aufderheide, A. S., et al. (1987). in In Vivo Body Composition Studies, Ellis, K. J., Yasumura, S., and Morgan, W. D., Eds., Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine, London (IPSM3), 325-333.
127. Somervaille, L. J., Chettle, D. R., Scott, M. C, Tennant, D. R., McKiernan. M. J., Skilbeck, A. et al. (1988). Br. J. Ind. Med., 45, 174-181.
128. Spencer, H., O’Sullivan, V., and Sontag, S. J. (1992). J. Lab. Clin. Med., 120, 198-199.
129. Stendig-Lindberg, G., Tepper, R., and Leichter, I. (1993), Magnes. Res., 6, 155-163.
130. Strause, L. G., Hegenauer, J., Saltman, P., Cone, R., and Resnick, D. (1986), J. Nutr, 116, 135-141.
131. Strause, L., Saltman, P., Smith, K. T., Bracker, M., and Andon, M. B. (1994),.7. Nutr, 124, 1060-1064.
132. Suzuki, Y, Morita, I., Yamane. Y, and Murota, S. (1989a), Bloehem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 158, 508-513.
133. Suzuki, Y, Morita, I., Ishizaki, Y, Yamane, Y, and Murota, S. (1989), Biochim, Biophys. Acta, 1012, 135.
134. Takeuchi, J. (1978), in Edited Proceedings, First Int. Cadmium Conf., San Francisco, CA, Metal Bulletin, New York, 222-224.
135. Tell, I., Somervaille, L. J., Nilsson, U., Bensryd, L, Schutz, A., Chettle, D. R., Scott, M. C, and Skerfving, S. (1992), Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 18, 113-119.
136. Thompson, G. N., Robertson, E. F., and Fitzgerald, S. (1985), Med. J. Aust., 143, 131.
137. Todd, A. C, McNeill, F. E., and Fowler, B. A. (1992a), Environ. Res., 59, 326-335.
138. Todd, A. C, McNeil, F. E., Palethorpe, J. E., Peache, D. E., Chettle, D. R., Tobin, M. J., Strosko, S. J., and Rosen, J. C. (1992b), Environ. Res., 57, 117-132.
139. Tranquilli, A. L., Lucino, E., Garzetti, G. G., and Romanini, C. (1994), Gynecol. Endocrinol., 8, 55-58.
140. Tsuboi, S., Nakagaki, H., Ishiguro, K., Kondo, K., Mukai, M., Robinson, C, and Weatherell, J. A. (1994), Calcif. Tissue Int., 54, 34-37.
141. Tsuritani, I., Honda, R., Ishizaki, M., and Yamada, Y. (1992), J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 37, 519-533.
142. U. S. Department of Agriculture (1985), Nationwide food consumption survey: continuing survey of food intakes by individuals, (USDA Reps. 85-84 and 85-85). Human Nutrition Information Services, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington. D.C.
143. Valetas, P. (1946), Cadmiose or Cadmium Intoxication, doctoral thesis, School of Medicine. University of Paris.
144. Van Den Berg, G. J., Van Houwelingen, F, Lemmens. A. G., and Beynen, A. C. (1992), Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 35, 77-79.
145. Wallach, S. (1988), Magnesium, 1, 262-270.
146. Wallach, S. (1990), Magnes. Trace Elem., 9. 1-14.
147. Wallach, S. (1991), Magnes. Trace Elem., 10. 281-286.
148. Wang, C. and Bhattacharyya, M. H. (1993), Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol, 120, 228-239.
149. Watanabe, M., Shiroishi, K., Nishino, H., Shinmura, T, Murase, H., Shoji, X, Naruse, Y, and Kagamimori, S. (1986), Environ. Res., 40, 25-46.
150. Weberg, R. and Berstad, A. (1986), Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 16, 428-432.
151. Whang, R. (1987), Am. J. Med., 82, 24-29.
152. Wielopolski, L., Ellis, K. J., Vaswani, A. N., Cohn, S. H., Greenberg, A., Puschett, J. B., Parkinson. D. K., Fetterolf, D. E., and Landrigan, P. J. (1986), Am. J. Indust. Med, 9, 221-226.
153. Williams, D. C. and Frolik, C. A. (1991), Int. Rev. Cytol, 126, 195-291.
154. Wolinsky. I., Klimis-Tavantzis, D. J., and Richards, L. J. (1994), in Manganese in Health and Disease, Klimis-Tavantzis, D. J., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 115-120.
155. Yamaguchi, M. and Inamoto, K. (1986), Metabolism, 35, 1044-1047.
156. Yamaguchi, M., Oishi, H., and Suketa, Y. (1987), Biochem. Pharmacol, 36, 4007-4012.
157. Yoshiki, S., Yanagisowa, T, Kimura, M., Otaki, N., Suzuki, M., and Suda, T. (1975), Arch. Environ. Health, 30, 559-562.
158. Zaidi, M., Alam, A. S. M. T., Shankar, V. S., Bax, B. E., Bax, C. M. R., Moonga. B. S., Bevis, P. J. R., Stevens, C, Blake, D. R., Pazianas, M., and Huang, C. L. H. (1993), Biol. Rev., 68, 197-264.