Digital songlines: The use of modern communication technology by an aboriginal community in remote Australia

Prometheus: Critical Studies in Innovation

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 59-74

  Buchtmann, Lydia ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Aborigines; Broadcasting; Indigenous; Pitjantjatjara people; Radio; Remote Australia; Satellites; Technological innovation; Television; Warlpiri people

Indexed keywords

INDIGENOUS POPULATION; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; SOCIAL CHANGE; TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION;

AUSTRALIA;

EID: 85169772890     PISSN: 08109028     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08109020050000663     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. This paper was presented at the Communications Research Forum Canberra, 28-29 September 1999, and won the inaugural research prize for best research paper. It has been updated as of November 1999.
2. Debbie Brisebois, 'White out warning', in Allan Moran (ed.), Film Policy: An Australian Reader, 1994, pp. 141-46.
3. Ibid, p. 141.
4. Freda Glynn in Faye Ginsburg, 'Indigenous media: Faustian contract or global village', in G. Marcus (ed.), Rereading Cultural Anthropology, Duke University Press, 1993, pp. 357-75.
5. Ibid, p. 360.
6. Eric Willmot, 'Aborigines, AUSSAT and satellite broadcasting', Media Information Australia, 38, 1985, pp. 62-5.
7. Australia, Department of Aboriginal Affairs, Out of the Silent Land: Report of the Taskforce on Aboriginal and Islander Broadcasting and Communications, AGPS, Canberra, 1984.
8. Ibid, p. 85.
9. Nancy Munn, Walbiri Iconography, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1973.
10. I will use, as have most recent writers on the Warlpiri, the more accurate orthography Warlpiri rather than the previously used Walbiri.
11. Eric Michaels, 'A model of teleported texts (with reference to Aboriginal Television)', Continuum, 3, 2, 1990, p. 22.
12. R. M. W. Dixon, The Languages of Australia, CUP, Cambridge, 1980, pp. 31-5; and Henry Reynolds, The Other Side of the Frontier, James Cook University, Townsville, 1981, pp. 10-11.
13. R. M. W. Dixon, The Languages of Australia, CUP, Cambridge, 1980, pp. 31-5; and Henry Reynolds, The Other Side of the Frontier, James Cook University, Townsville, 1981, pp. 10-11.
14. Josephine Flood, Archaeology of the Dreamtime, Collins, Sydney, 1983, p. 237.
15. Reynolds, op. cit., p. 11.
16. M. J. Meggitt, Desert People; A Study of the Walbiri Aborigines of Central Australia, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1962, p. 29.
17. Reynolds, op. cit., pp. 129-30.
18. Munn, op. cit., p. 7.
19. Baldwin Spencer, The Aboriginal Photographs of Baldwin Spencer, National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, 1982.
20. Ginsburg, op. cit., p. 357.
21. Chris Ashby, Co-ordinator PY Media Umuwa, SA, personal interview, 4 May 1999; and Melinda Hinkson, PhD researcher on Tanami Network, Latrobe University, personal communication, 1999.
22. Michael Rose, Fat the Record: 160 years of Aboriginal Print Journalism, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1996, p. xxxvii.
23. Tom Kantor, BRAGS Manager, Warlpiri Media Association, personal interview, 28 April 1999.
24. Eric Michaels, The Aboriginal Invention of Television in Central Australia 1982-86, AIAS, Canberra, 1986, p. 103-5.
25. Warlpiri Media Association, Early Transmissions, (video), AIAIS, 1985a.
26. Warlpiri Media Association, Purlapa at Chilla Well, (video), AIAIS, 1985b; and Eric Michaels, For a Cultural Future; Francis Jupurrurla Makes TV at Yuendumu, Artspace, Melbourne, 1987, pp. 39-68.
27. Warlpiri Media Association, Purlapa at Chilla Well, (video), AIAIS, 1985b; and Eric Michaels, For a Cultural Future; Francis Jupurrurla Makes TV at Yuendumu, Artspace, Melbourne, 1987, pp. 39-68.
28. Ibid, pp. 57-63.
29. Warlpiri Media Association, Yurrpuru-Kurlu [Coniston Massacre], (video 54 min.), produced by Francis Jupurrurla Kelly and Eric Michaels, AIAIS, 1985c.
30. Michaels, 1986, op. cit., p. 39; 1990, op. cit., p. 27.
31. Michaels, 1986, op. cit., p. 39; 1990, op. cit., p. 27.
32. Mary Venner, 'Broadcasting for remote Aboriginal communities', Media Information Australia, 47, February, 1988, pp. 37-43.
33. Michael Meadows, A Watering Can in the Desert, Nathan, Qld, 1992, p. 48.
34. Ibid, p. 6; and Helen Molnar, 'Radio', S. Cunningham and G. Turner (eds), Media in Australia: Industries, Texts, Audiences, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1997, p. 203.
35. Ibid, p. 6; and Helen Molnar, 'Radio', S. Cunningham and G. Turner (eds), Media in Australia: Industries, Texts, Audiences, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1997, p. 203.
36. Australian Broadcasting Tribunal, Remote commercial television services: fourth report, AGPS, Canberra, 1986, p. 101.
37. Meadows, op. cit., p. 31.
38. Australian Broadcasting Tribunal, op. cit., p. 12.
39. Imparja, Information booklet, 1998, np.
40. Australian Broadcasting Tribunal, op. cit., p. 23.
41. Central Australia Aboriginal Media Association, Information kit, in I & G (eds), Communicating with Indigenous Australians; Conference Papers, Canberra, 1997,np.
42. Meadows, op. cit., p. 31.
43. Greg McFarlane, HR Manager, Imparja, Alice Springs, personal interview, 1999.
44. Ronnie Reinhart, BRACS Co-ordinator Warlpiri Media Association, personal interview, 27 April 1999.
45. John Phillips, 'MultiMedia - shrinking the continent', in I & G (eds), Communicating with Indigenous Australians; Conference Papers, Canberra, 1997; and Helen Molnar, 'Indigenous media development in Australia', Cultural Studies, 9, 1, 1995, p. 173.
46. John Phillips, 'MultiMedia - shrinking the continent', in I & G (eds), Communicating with Indigenous Australians; Conference Papers, Canberra, 1997; and Helen Molnar, 'Indigenous media development in Australia', Cultural Studies, 9, 1, 1995, p. 173.
47. Gerry Pyne, Manager National Indigenous Radio Service, Brisbane, personal communication, 1998.
48. Kantor, op. cit.
49. Pyne, op. cit.
50. Warlpiri Media Association, Draft Policy Paper: National Remote Indigenous Community Television Broadcast Scheme, unpublished, 1999.
51. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission, Indigenous Communications Australia: A Proposal to Meet the Broadcasting Needs of Australia's Indigenous Peoples, submission to the Productivity Commission, Canberra, www.pc.gov.au/submissions, 1999.
52. Michaels, 1986, op. cit., p. 56.
53. Ashby, op. cit.; Reinhart, op. cit.
54. Ashby, op. cit.; Reinhart, op. cit.
55. Michaels, 1986, op. cit., p. 73.
56. Philip Batty, Co-founder of CAAMA, PhD Student University of SA, personal communication, 15 March 1999.
57. Michaels, 1986, op. cit., p. 38.
58. Ashby, op. cit.
59. Personal experience.
60. Reinhart, op. cit.
61. Reynolds, op. cit., p. 48.
62. Gertrude Stotz, Kurdungurlu got to drive Toyota: differential colonizing process among the Warlpiri. Unpublished PhD Thesis, AIAS, 1993, pp. 127-29.
63. Brisebois, op. cit., p. 141.
64. Michaels, 1987, op. cit.
65. Kantor, op. cit.
66. Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia, 1994, p. 184.
67. Ashby, op. cit.
68. Warlpiri Media Association, Bush Mechanics (video), 1998.
69. Kantor, op. cit.
70. Reinhart, op. cit.
71. Clint Mitchell, Administrator CAAMA/8KIN radio, Alice Springs, personal interview, 27 April 1999.
72. Ashby, op. cit.
73. Ibid.
74. Personal observation.
75. Kantor, op. cit.
76. Michaels, 1987, op. cit., p. 61.
77. Ashby, op. cit.
78. Michaels, 1987, op. cit., p. 57.
79. Jennifer Deger, PhD researcher on BRACS, Macquarie University, personal communication, 8 March 1999, Sydney.
80. Peter Toyne, Northern Territory Shadow Minister For Education And Training, 1999, interview on bilingual education, ABC Radio National AM program, 17 February 1999.
81. Declan O'Gallagher, Warlpiri Media Association and school video maker, personal interview, 1999.
82. Canberra Times, 1 June 1999.
83. Australia, Department of Health, Housing and Community Services, Raypirri a Matter of Being Sensible: Evaluation of the Northern Territory Bush Tour Project April-June 1993, Canberra, 1993.
84. Warlpiri Media Association, 1998, op. cit.
85. Clint Mitchell, op. cit.
86. Jim Remedio et al., Telling the Stories, Mt Lawley, 1996, p. 109.
87. Helen Molnar, 1995, op. cit., pp. 169-90.
88. Philip Batty, 'Imagining nations within nations', Australian-Canadian Studies, 4, 1-2, 1996, pp. 119-34.
89. ATSIC, 'Indigenous media Australia; a submission to the Productivity Commission's inquiry into broadcasting', www.pc.gov.au/submissions, 1999.
90. Mason Durie, OUP, Auckland, 1999, pp. 68-74; and Mike Hollings, Chief Executive Te Mangai Paho, personal interview, 1999.
91. ATSIC, Digital Dreaming: Report for ATSIC on Aboriginal Broadcasting-Executive Summary, Canberra, 1999.
92. Personal communication, 1999.
93. Remedio et al., op. cit., p. 109.