메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2023, Pages 27-45

Vestibular Hair Cell-Afferent Transmission

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 85165373589     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9780203745922-4     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (7)

References (134)
  • 1
    • 0018894860 scopus 로고
    • The permeability of endplate channels to monovalent and divalent metal cations
    • Adams, D.T, Dwyer TM, and Hille, B, The permeability of endplate channels to monovalent and divalent metal cations. J. Gen. Physiol,. 75:493, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Gen. Physio , vol.75 , pp. 493
    • Adams, D.T.1    Dwyer, T.M.2    Hille, B.3
  • 2
    • 0023231259 scopus 로고
    • A possible neurotransmitter role for CGRP in a hair-cell sensory organ
    • Adams, JC, Mroz, EA, and Sewell, WF, A possible neurotransmitter role for CGRP in a hair-cell sensory organ. Brain Res., 419:347, 1987.
    • (1987) Brain Re , vol.419 , pp. 347
    • Adams, J.C.1    Mroz, E.A.2    Sewell, W.F.3
  • 3
    • 0026179229 scopus 로고
    • Effects of excitatory amino acid antagonists on syn aptic transmission in the ampullae of Lorenzini of the skate Raja clavata
    • Akoev, G, Andrianov, GN, Bromm, B, and Szabo, T, Effects of excitatory amino acid antagonists on syn aptic transmission in the ampullae of Lorenzini of the skate Raja clavata. J. Comp. Physiol., 168:647, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Comp. Physiol , vol.168 , pp. 647
    • Akoev, G.1    Andrianov, G.N.2    Bromm, B.3    Szabo, T.4
  • 4
    • 0026177396 scopus 로고
    • Neuropharmacological analysis of synaptic transmission in the Lorenzinian ampulla of the skate Raja clcn’ata
    • Akoev, G, Andrianov, GN, Szabo, T, and Bromm, B, Neuropharmacological analysis of synaptic transmission in the Lorenzinian ampulla of the skate Raja clcn’ata. J. Comp. Physiol. A, 168:639, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Comp. Physiol. , vol.168 , pp. 639
    • Akoev, G.1    Andrianov, G.N.2    Szabo, T.3    Bromm, B.4
  • 5
    • 0021132063 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of the vestibular hair cell-afferent fiber synapse in the frog
    • Annoni, J-M, Cochran, SL, and Precht, W, Pharmacology of the vestibular hair cell-afferent fiber synapse in the frog. J. Neurosci. 4:2106, 1984.
    • (1984) J. Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 2106
    • Annoni, J.-M.1    Cochran, S.L.2    Precht, W.3
  • 6
    • 0021286759 scopus 로고
    • Efferent desensitization of auditory nerve fibre responses in the cochlea of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans
    • Art, JJ, and Fettiplace, R, Efferent desensitization of auditory nerve fibre responses in the cochlea of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans. J. Physiol., 356: 507, 1984.
    • (1984) J. Physiol , vol.356 , pp. 507
    • Art, J.J.1    Fettiplace, R.2
  • 7
    • 0021286763 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic hyperpolarization and inhibition of turtle cochlear hair cells
    • Art, JJ, Fettiplace, R, and Fuchs, PA, Synaptic hyperpolarization and inhibition of turtle cochlear hair cells. J. Physiol, 356: 525, 1984.
    • (1984) J. Physio , vol.356 , pp. 525
    • Art, J.J.1    Fettiplace, R.2    Fuchs, P.A.3
  • 8
    • 0023758574 scopus 로고
    • The vestibular nerve of the chinchilla.il. Relation between afferent response properties and peripheral innervation patterns in the semicircular canals
    • Baird, RA, Desmadryl, G, Fernandez, C, and Goldberg, JM, The vestibular nerve of the chinchilla.il. Relation between afferent response properties and peripheral innervation patterns in the semicircular canals. J. Neurophysiol., 60:182, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Neurophysiol , vol.60 , pp. 182
    • Baird, R.A.1    Desmadryl, G.2    Fernandez, C.3    Goldberg, J.M.4
  • 9
    • 0028292915 scopus 로고
    • Schuff, and NR, Peripheral innervation patterns of vestibular nerve afferents in the bullfrog utriculus
    • Baird, RA, Schuff, and NR, Peripheral innervation patterns of vestibular nerve afferents in the bullfrog utriculus. J. Comp. Neurol., 342:279, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.342 , pp. 279
    • Baird, R.A.1
  • 10
    • 0021847088 scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic actions of cholinergic agents upon the hair cell- afferent fiber synapse in the vestibular labyrinth of the frog
    • Bernard, C, Cochran, SL, and Precht, W, Presynaptic actions of cholinergic agents upon the hair cell- afferent fiber synapse in the vestibular labyrinth of the frog. Brain Res. 338:225, 1985.
    • (1985) Brain Re , vol.338 , pp. 225
    • Bernard, C.1    Cochran, S.L.2    Precht, W.3
  • 11
    • 0028340899 scopus 로고
    • Functional architecture of vestibular primary afferents from the posterior semicircular canal of a turtle, Pseitdemys (Trachemys) scripta elegans
    • Brichta, AM, and Peterson, EH, Functional architecture of vestibular primary afferents from the posterior semicircular canal of a turtle, Pseitdemys (Trachemys) scripta elegans. J. Comp. Neurol., 344:481, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.344 , pp. 481
    • Brichta, A.M.1    Peterson, E.H.2
  • 12
    • 0026715070 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of sensory hair cells in a fish ear
    • Chang, JSY, Popper, AN, and Saidel, WM, Heterogeneity of sensory hair cells in a fish ear. J. Comp. Neurol, 324:621, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Comp. Neuro , vol.324 , pp. 621
    • Chang, J.S.Y.1    Popper, A.N.2    Saidel, W.M.3
  • 13
    • 84911756857 scopus 로고
    • CNQX (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2, 3-dione) blocks excitatory synaptic transmission in the vestibular periphery and vestibular nucleus of the frog
    • Cochran, SL, CNQX (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2, 3-dione) blocks excitatory synaptic transmission in the vestibular periphery and vestibular nucleus of the frog. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 16:502, 1989.
    • (1989) Soc. Neurosci. Abst , vol.16 , pp. 502
    • Cochran, S.L.1
  • 14
    • 0026641451 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral Vestibular Transmission. Sensing and controlling motion
    • Cohen B, Tomko DI, and Guedry, F, Ed
    • Cochran, SL, Peripheral Vestibular Transmission. Sensing and controlling motion (Cohen B, Tomko DI, and Guedry, F, Eds.) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 656:580, 1992.
    • (1992) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sc , vol.656 , pp. 580
    • Cochran, S.L.1
  • 15
    • 0027501947 scopus 로고
    • Algorithms for detection and measurement of spontaneous events
    • Cochran, SL, Algorithms for detection and measurement of spontaneous events. J. Neurosci. Meth., 50:105, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Neurosci. Meth , vol.50 , pp. 105
    • Cochran, S.L.1
  • 16
    • 0028269528 scopus 로고
    • Evidence against a hypothesis of vestibular efferent function
    • Cochran, SL, Evidence against a hypothesis of vestibular efferent function. Brain Res. 642:344, 1994.
    • (1994) Brain Re , vol.642 , pp. 344
    • Cochran, S.L.1
  • 17
    • 0028843442 scopus 로고
    • Cationic influences upon synaptic transmission at the hair cell-afferent fiber synapse of thefrog
    • Cochran, SL., Cationic influences upon synaptic transmission at the hair cell-afferent fiber synapse of thefrog. Neurosci., 1995.
    • (1995) Neurosc
    • Cochran, S.L.1
  • 18
    • 0028800737 scopus 로고
    • Functional support of glutamate as a vestibular hair cell transmitter in an amniote
    • Cochran, SL, and Correia, MT, Functional support of glutamate as a vestibular hair cell transmitter in an amniote. Brain Res., 670:321, 1995.
    • (1995) Brain Re , vol.670 , pp. 321
    • Cochran, S.L.1    Correia, M.T.2
  • 19
    • 0015545367 scopus 로고
    • The role of calcium in depolarization-secretion coupling at the motor nerve terminal
    • Cooke, ID, Okamoto, K, and Quastel, DMT, The role of calcium in depolarization-secretion coupling at the motor nerve terminal. J. Physiol. 228:459, 1974.
    • (1974) J. Physiol , vol.228 , pp. 459
    • Cooke, I.D.1    Okamoto, K.2    Quastel, D.M.T.3
  • 20
    • 0015538371 scopus 로고
    • The specific effects of potassium on transmitter release by motor nerve terminals and its inhibition by calcium
    • Cooke, ID, and Quastel, DMT, The specific effects of potassium on transmitter release by motor nerve terminals and its inhibition by calcium. J. Physiol. 228:435, 1973.
    • (1973) J. Physiol , vol.228 , pp. 435
    • Cooke, I.D.1    Quastel, D.M.T.2
  • 21
    • 0018687120 scopus 로고
    • Ionic basis of the receptor potential in a vertebrate hair cell
    • Corey, DP, and Hudspeth, A.T, Ionic basis of the receptor potential in a vertebrate hair cell. Nature, 281:675, 1979.
    • (1979) Natur , vol.281 , pp. 675
    • Corey, D.P.1    Hudspeth, A.T.2
  • 22
    • 0026675571 scopus 로고
    • Filtering properties of hair cells. Sensing and controlling motion
    • Cohen, B, Tomko, DI, Guedry, F, Ed
    • Correia, MT, Filtering properties of hair cells. Sensing and controlling motion (Cohen, B, Tomko, DI, Guedry, F, Eds.), Am. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 656:49, 1992.
    • (1992) Am. N. Y. Acad. Sc , vol.656 , pp. 49
    • Correia, M.T.1
  • 24
    • 0025794110 scopus 로고
    • Identification and localization of a kainate binding protein in the frog inner ear by electron microscopy immunocytochemis- try
    • Dechesne, C.T, Hampson, DR, Goping, G, and Wheaton, KD, Wenthold, R.T, Identification and localization of a kainate binding protein in the frog inner ear by electron microscopy immunocytochemis- try. Brain Res., 545:223, 1991.
    • (1991) Brain Res , vol.545 , pp. 223
    • Dechesne, C.T.1    Hampson, D.R.2    Goping, G.3    Wheaton, K.D.4    Wenthold, R.T.5
  • 26
    • 0028959179 scopus 로고
    • Cellular and subcellular localization of AMPA-selectiveglutamate receptors in the mammalian peripheral vestibular system
    • Dememes, D, Lleixa, A, and Dechesne, C.T, Cellular and subcellular localization of AMPA-selectiveglutamate receptors in the mammalian peripheral vestibular system. Brain Res., 671:83, 1995.
    • (1995) Brain Re , vol.671 , pp. 83
    • Dememes, D.1    Lleixa, A.2    Dechesne, C.T.3
  • 27
    • 0025293270 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the peripheral vestibular system of mammals
    • Dememes, D, Wenthold, R.T, Moniot, B, and Sans, A, Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the peripheral vestibular system of mammals. Hearing Res. 46:261, 1990.
    • (1990) Hearing Re , vol.46 , pp. 261
    • Dememes, D.1    Wenthold, R.T.2    Moniot, B.3    Sans, A.4
  • 28
    • 0029562476 scopus 로고
    • Calcium Imaging of single stereocilia in hair cells: Localization of transduction channels at both ends of tip links
    • Denk, W, Holt, JR, Shepherd, GMG, and Corey, DP, Calcium Imaging of single stereocilia in hair cells: Localization of transduction channels at both ends of tip links. Neuron, 15:1311, 1995.
    • (1995) Neuro , vol.15 , pp. 1311
    • Denk, W.1    Holt, J.R.2    Shepherd, G.M.G.3    Corey, D.P.4
  • 29
    • 0027317071 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate receptors on type I vestibular hair cells of guinea-pig
    • Devau G, Lehouelleur I, and Sans A Glutamate receptors on type I vestibular hair cells of guinea-pig. Europ. J. Neumsci., 5:1210, 1993.
    • (1993) Europ. J. Neumsci , vol.5 , pp. 1210
    • Devau, G.1    Lehouelleur, I.2    Sans, A.3
  • 30
    • 0025241044 scopus 로고
    • GABA immunoreactivity of calyceal nerve endings in the vestibular system of the guinea pig
    • Didier, A, Dupont, I, and Cazals, Y, GABA immunoreactivity of calyceal nerve endings in the vestibular system of the guinea pig. Cell and Tiss. Ress., 260:415, 1990.
    • (1990) Cell and Tiss. Ress , vol.260 , pp. 415
    • Didier, A.1    Dupont, I.2    Cazals, Y.3
  • 31
    • 0025966822 scopus 로고
    • N-Acetylhistidine, glutamate, and b-alanine are concentrated in a receptor cell layer of the trout inner ear
    • Drescher, MJ, and Drescher, DG, N-Acetylhistidine, glutamate, and b-alanine are concentrated in a receptor cell layer of the trout inner ear. J. Neurochem., 56:658, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Neurochem , vol.56 , pp. 658
    • Drescher, M.J.1    Drescher, D.G.2
  • 32
    • 0026767221 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate, of the endogenous primary a-amino acids, is specifically released from hair cells by elevated extracellular potassium
    • Drescher, MJ, and Drescher, DG, Glutamate, of the endogenous primary a-amino acids, is specifically released from hair cells by elevated extracellular potassium. J. Neurochem., 59:93, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Neurochem , vol.59 , pp. 93
    • Drescher, M.J.1    Drescher, D.G.2
  • 33
    • 0023519485 scopus 로고
    • Potassium-evoked release of endogenous primary amine-containing compounds from the trout saccular macula and saccular nerve in vitro
    • Drescher, M.T, Drescher, DG, and Hatfield, IS, Potassium-evoked release of endogenous primary amine-containing compounds from the trout saccular macula and saccular nerve in vitro. BrainRes., 417:39, 1987.
    • (1987) Brainre , vol.417 , pp. 39
    • Drescher, M.T.1    Drescher, D.G.2    Hatfield, I.S.3
  • 34
    • 0018953913 scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal synapses between hair cells and first order afferent dendrites in the crista ampullaris of the bullfrog
    • Dunn, RF, Reciprocal synapses between hair cells and first order afferent dendrites in the crista ampullaris of the bullfrog. J. Comp. Neurol., 193:255, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.193 , pp. 255
    • Dunn, R.F.1
  • 35
    • 0027514012 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the mammalian cochlea
    • Eybalin, M, Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the mammalian cochlea. Physiol.Rev., 73:309, 1993.
    • (1993) Physiol.Rev , vol.73 , pp. 309
    • Eybalin, M.1
  • 36
    • 0019844769 scopus 로고
    • The action of putative neurotransmitter substances in the cat labyrinth
    • Felix, D, and Ehrenberger, K, The action of putative neurotransmitter substances in the cat labyrinth. Acta Otolaryngol. 93:101, 1982.
    • (1982) Acta Otolaryngo , vol.93 , pp. 101
    • Felix, D.1    Ehrenberger, K.2
  • 37
    • 0023726186 scopus 로고
    • The vestibular nerve of the chinchilla. I. Peripheral innervation patterns in the horizontal and superior semicircular canals
    • Fernandez, C, Baird, RA, and Goldberg, JM, The vestibular nerve of the chinchilla. I. Peripheral innervation patterns in the horizontal and superior semicircular canals. J. Neurophysiol., 60:167, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Neurophysiol , vol.60 , pp. 167
    • Fernandez, C.1    Baird, R.A.2    Goldberg, J.M.3
  • 38
    • 0028969645 scopus 로고
    • Hair-cell counts and afferent innervationpattems in the cristae ampullares of the squirrel monkey with a comparison to the chinchilla
    • Fernandez C, Lysakowski A, and Goldberg JM Hair-cell counts and afferent innervationpattems in the cristae ampullares of the squirrel monkey with a comparison to the chinchilla. J.Neurophysiol. 73:1253, 1995.
    • (1995) J.Neurophysiol , vol.73 , pp. 1253
    • Fernandez, C.1    Lysakowski, A.2    Goldberg, J.M.3
  • 39
    • 0016352780 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter synthesis in inner ear and lateral line sense organs
    • Flock, A, and Lam, DMK, Neurotransmitter synthesis in inner ear and lateral line sense organs. Nature, 249:142, 1974.
    • (1974) Natur , vol.249 , pp. 142
    • Flock, A.1    Lam, D.M.K.2
  • 40
    • 0028987383 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical localization of GABAA receptors in the mammalian crista ampullaris
    • Foster, JD, Drescher, MT, and Drescher, DG, Immunohistochemical localization of GABAA receptors in the mammalian crista ampullaris. Hearing Res., 83:203, 1995.
    • (1995) Hearing Re , vol.83 , pp. 203
    • Foster, J.D.1    Drescher, M.T.2    Drescher, D.G.3
  • 41
    • 0025077422 scopus 로고
    • Calcium currents in hair cells isolated from the cochleaof the chick
    • Fuchs, PA, Evans, MG, and Murrow, BW, Calcium currents in hair cells isolated from the cochleaof the chick. J Physiol. 394: 429:553, 1990.
    • (1990) J Physio , vol.394 , Issue.429 , pp. 553
    • Fuchs, P.A.1    Evans, M.G.2    Murrow, B.W.3
  • 42
    • 0014153726 scopus 로고
    • Neurophysio logical studies on hearing in goldfish
    • Furakawa, T, and Ishii, Y, Neurophysio logical studies on hearing in goldfish. J. Neurophysiol., 30:1377, 1967.
    • (1967) J. Neurophysiol , vol.30 , pp. 1377
    • Furakawa, T.1    Ishii, Y.2
  • 43
    • 0023768406 scopus 로고
    • Changes in miniature end-plate currents due to high potassium and calcium at the frog neuromuscular junction
    • Glavinovic, MI, Changes in miniature end-plate currents due to high potassium and calcium at the frog neuromuscular junction. Synapse, 2:636, 1988.
    • (1988) Synaps , vol.2 , pp. 636
    • Glavinovic, M.I.1
  • 44
    • 0015892143 scopus 로고
    • The ultrastructure of the afferent synapse on hair cells in the frog labyrinth
    • Gleisner, L, Flock, A, and Wersall, J, The ultrastructure of the afferent synapse on hair cells in the frog labyrinth. Acta Otolaryngol. 76:199, 1973.
    • (1973) Acta Otolaryngo , vol.76 , pp. 199
    • Gleisner, L.1    Flock, A.2    Wersall, J.3
  • 47
    • 0025011223 scopus 로고
    • Morphophysiological and ultrastructural studiesinthe mammalian cristae ampullares
    • Goldberg, JM, Lysakowski, A, and Fernandez, C, Morphophysiological and ultrastructural studiesinthe mammalian cristae ampullares. Hearing Res., 49:89, 1990.
    • (1990) Hearing Re , vol.49 , pp. 89
    • Goldberg, J.M.1    Lysakowski, A.2    Fernandez, C.3
  • 48
    • 0029003342 scopus 로고
    • Lehouelleur, Transient increase in cytosolic free calciumevoked by repolarization in type I vestibular hair cells of rats
    • Griguer, C, Chabbert, C, and Sans, A, Lehouelleur, Transient increase in cytosolic free calciumevoked by repolarization in type I vestibular hair cells of rats. Cell Calcium, 17:327, 1995.
    • (1995) Cell Calciu , vol.17 , pp. 327
    • Griguer, C.1    Chabbert, C.2    Sans, A.3
  • 49
    • 0027268079 scopus 로고
    • Voltage dependent reversible movements of the apex in isolated guinea pig vestibular hair cells
    • Griguer, C, Lehouelleur, J, Valat, J, Sahuquet, A, and Sans, A, Voltage dependent reversible movements of the apex in isolated guinea pig vestibular hair cells. Hearing Res., 67:110, 1993.
    • (1993) Hearing Re , vol.67 , pp. 110
    • Griguer, C.1    Lehouelleur, J.2    Valat, J.3    Sahuquet, A.4    Sans, A.5
  • 50
    • 0026079717 scopus 로고
    • Differential modulation of spontaneous and evokedneu-rotransmitter release from hair cells: Some novel hypotheses
    • Guth, PS, Aubert, A, Ricci, AJ, and Norris, CH, Differential modulation of spontaneous and evokedneu-rotransmitter release from hair cells: some novel hypotheses. Hearing Res., 56:69, 1991.
    • (1991) Hearing Re , vol.56 , pp. 69
    • Guth, P.S.1    Aubert, A.2    Ricci, A.J.3    Norris, C.H.4
  • 51
    • 0028265138 scopus 로고
    • The cholinergic pharmacology of the frog saccule
    • Guth, PS, Dunn, A, Kronomer, K, and Norris, CH, The cholinergic pharmacology of the frog saccule. Hearing Res., 75:225.1994.
    • (1994) Hearing Re , vol.75 , pp. 225
    • Guth, P.S.1    Dunn, A.2    Kronomer, K.3    Norris, C.H.4
  • 52
    • 0027972401 scopus 로고
    • Hair cells of different shapes and their placement along the frog crista ampullaris
    • Guth, PS, Fermin, CD, Pantoja, M, Edwards, R, and Norris, C, Hair cells of different shapes and their placement along the frog crista ampullaris. Hearing Res., 73:109, 1994.
    • (1994) Hearing Re , vol.73 , pp. 109
    • Guth, P.S.1    Fermin, C.D.2    Pantoja, M.3    Edwards, R.4    Norris, C.5
  • 53
    • 0023887359 scopus 로고
    • Three tests of the hypothesis that glutamate is the sensoryhaircell transmitter in the frog semicircular canal
    • Guth, PS, Norris, CH, and Barron, SE, Three tests of the hypothesis that glutamate is the sensoryhaircell transmitter in the frog semicircular canal. Hearing Res., 33:223, 1988.
    • (1988) Hearing Re , vol.33 , pp. 223
    • Guth, P.S.1    Norris, C.H.2    Barron, S.E.3
  • 54
    • 0021257704 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of the isolated semicircular canal: Effect of GABA and picro-toxin
    • Guth, SL, and Norris, CH, Pharmacology of the isolated semicircular canal: effect of GABA and picro-toxin., Exp. Brain Res., 56:72, 1984.
    • (1984) Exp. Brain Res , vol.56 , pp. 72
    • Guth, S.L.1    Norris, C.H.2
  • 55
    • 0028982615 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical localization of aspartate and glutamate in the peripheral vestibular system
    • Harper, A, Blythe, WR, Grossman, G, Petrusz, P, Prazma, J, and Pillsbury, HC, Immunocytochemical localization of aspartate and glutamate in the peripheral vestibular system. Hearing Res., 86:171, 1995.
    • (1995) Hearing Re , vol.86 , pp. 171
    • Harper, A.1    Blythe, W.R.2    Grossman, G.3    Petrusz, P.4    Prazma, J.5    Pillsbury, H.C.6
  • 56
    • 0022257289 scopus 로고
    • Action of the efferent vestibular system on primary afferents in thetoadfish, Opsanus tail
    • Highstein, SM, Baker, R, Action of the efferent vestibular system on primary afferents in thetoadfish, Opsanus tail. J. Neurophysiol., 54:370, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Neurophysiol , vol.54 , pp. 370
    • Highstein, S.M.1    Baker, R.2
  • 57
    • 0028940982 scopus 로고
    • Inwardly rectifying currents of saccular hair cells from the leopard frog
    • Holt, JR, and Eatock, RA, Inwardly rectifying currents of saccular hair cells from the leopard frog.J. Neurophysiol., 73:1484, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Neurophysiol , vol.73 , pp. 1484
    • Holt, J.R.1    Eatock, R.A.2
  • 59
    • 0020076447 scopus 로고
    • Extracellular current flow and the site of transduction by vertebrate hair cells
    • Hudspeth, AJ, Extracellular current flow and the site of transduction by vertebrate hair cells J. Neurosci., 2:1, 1982.
    • (1982) J. Neurosci , vol.2 , Issue.1
    • Hudspeth, A.J.1
  • 60
    • 0024433313 scopus 로고
    • How the ear's works works
    • Hudspeth, AJ, How the ear's works works. Nature 341:397, 1989.
    • (1989) Natur , vol.341 , pp. 397
    • Hudspeth, A.J.1
  • 61
    • 0015016206 scopus 로고
    • Quantal nature of transmission at the synapse betweenhair cells and eighth nerve fibers
    • Ishii, Y, Matsuura, S, Furakawa, T, Quantal nature of transmission at the synapse betweenhair cells and eighth nerve fibers. Jap. J. Physiol., 21:79, 1971.
    • (1971) Jap. J. Physiol , vol.21 , pp. 79
    • Ishii, Y.1    Matsuura, S.2    Furakawa, T.3
  • 62
    • 0029620235 scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction in hair cells and its regulation by calcium
    • Jaramillo, F, Signal transduction in hair cells and its regulation by calcium. Neuron, 15:1227, 1995.
    • (1995) Neuro , vol.15 , pp. 1227
    • Jaramillo, F.1
  • 64
    • 0027335945 scopus 로고
    • GABAb-mediated modulation of ionic conductances in type I hair cells isolated from guinea-pig semicircular canals
    • Lapeyre, PNM, Kolston, PJ, and Ashmore, JF, GABAb-mediated modulation of ionic conductances in type I hair cells isolated from guinea-pig semicircular canals. Brain Res., 609:269, 1993.
    • (1993) Brain Re , vol.609 , pp. 269
    • Lapeyre, P.N.M.1    Kolston, P.J.2    Ashmore, J.F.3
  • 65
    • 0018333437 scopus 로고
    • Ion-concentration dependence of the reversal potential and the single channel conductance of ion channels at the frog neuromuscular junction
    • Lewis, CA, Ion-concentration dependence of the reversal potential and the single channel conductance of ion channels at the frog neuromuscular junction. J. Physiol., 286:417, 1979.
    • (1979) J. Physiol , vol.286 , pp. 417
    • Lewis, C.A.1
  • 66
    • 0025151439 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity inguinea pig vestibular cristae ampullaris
    • Lopez, I, Juiz, JM, Altschuler, RA, and Meza, G, Distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity inguinea pig vestibular cristae ampullaris. Brain Res., 530:170, 1990.
    • (1990) Brain Re , vol.530 , pp. 170
    • Lopez, I.1    Juiz, J.M.2    Altschuler, R.A.3    Meza, G.4
  • 67
    • 0023929796 scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical evidence for afferent gabaergic and efferent cholinergicneu-rotransmission in the frog vestibule
    • Lopez, I, and Meza, G, Neurochemical evidence for afferent gabaergic and efferent cholinergicneu-rotransmission in the frog vestibule. Neurosci., 25:13, 1988.
    • (1988) Neurosc , vol.25 , pp. 13
    • Lopez, I.1    Meza, G.2
  • 68
    • 0025058425 scopus 로고
    • Comparative studies on glutamate decarboxylase and cholineacetyltransferase activities in the vertebrate vestibule. Comp. Biochem
    • Lopez, I, and Meza, G, Comparative studies on glutamate decarboxylase and cholineacetyltransferase activities in the vertebrate vestibule. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 95B:375, 1990.
    • (1990) Physiol , vol.95B , pp. 375
    • Lopez, I.1    Meza, G.2
  • 69
    • 0026758938 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical evidence for an afferent GABAergicneurotrans-mission in the guinea pig vestibular system
    • Lopez, I, Wu, J-Y, and Meza, G, Immunocytochemical evidence for an afferent GABAergicneurotrans-mission in the guinea pig vestibular system. Brain Res., 589:341, 1992.
    • (1992) Brain Re , vol.589 , pp. 341
    • Lopez, I.1    Wu, J.-Y.2    Meza, G.3
  • 70
    • 0028921380 scopus 로고
    • Physiological Identification of morphologically distinct afferent classes innervating the cristae ampullares of the squirrel monkey
    • Lysakowski, A, Minor, LB, Fernandez, C, and Goldberg, JM, Physiological Identification of morphologically distinct afferent classes innervating the cristae ampullares of the squirrel monkey. J. Neurophys-iol., 73:1270, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Neurophys-Iol , vol.73 , pp. 1270
    • Lysakowski, A.1    Minor, L.B.2    Fernandez, C.3    Goldberg, J.M.4
  • 71
    • 0018908697 scopus 로고
    • Nickel and calcium ions modify the characteristics of theacetylcho-line receptor-channel complex at the frog neuromuscular junction
    • Magelby, KL, and Weinstock, MM, Nickel and calcium ions modify the characteristics of theacetylcho-line receptor-channel complex at the frog neuromuscular junction. J. Physiol. 299:203, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Physiol , vol.299 , pp. 203
    • Magelby, K.L.1    Weinstock, M.M.2
  • 72
    • 0027980313 scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of potassium currents by hair cells inthin slices of frog crista ampullaris
    • Masetto, S, Russo, G, and Prigioni, I, Differential expression of potassium currents by hair cells inthin slices of frog crista ampullaris. J. Neurophysiol., 72:443, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Neurophysiol , vol.72 , pp. 443
    • Masetto, S.1    Russo, G.2    Prigioni, I.3
  • 73
    • 0028987812 scopus 로고
    • Expression of Substance P, CGRP, and GABA in the vestibular periphery, with special reference to species differences
    • Matsubara, A, Usami, S-I, Fujita, S, and Shinkawa, H, Expression of Substance P, CGRP, and GABA in the vestibular periphery, with special reference to species differences. Acta Otolaryngol., (Suppl.) 519:248, 1995.
    • (1995) Acta Otolaryngo , vol.519 , pp. 248
    • Matsubara, A.1    Usami, S.-I.2    Fujita, S.3    Shinkawa, H.4
  • 74
    • 0020060411 scopus 로고
    • GABA synthesis in isolated vestibulary tissue of chick inner ear
    • Meza, G, Carabez, A, and Ruiz, M, GABA synthesis in isolated vestibulary tissue of chick inner ear. Brain Res., 241:157, 1982.
    • (1982) Brain Re , vol.241 , pp. 157
    • Meza, G.1    Carabez, A.2    Ruiz, M.3
  • 76
    • 0021282077 scopus 로고
    • Differential blocking effects of a spider toxin on synaptic and glutamate responses in the afferent synapse of the acoustic-lateralis receptors of Plotosus
    • Nagai, T, Obara, S, and Kawai, N, Differential blocking effects of a spider toxin on synaptic and glutamate responses in the afferent synapse of the acoustic-lateralis receptors of Plotosus.Brain Res., 300:183, 1984.
    • (1984) Brain Re , vol.300 , pp. 183
    • Nagai, T.1    Obara, S.2    Kawai, N.3
  • 77
    • 0026437728 scopus 로고
    • Molecular diversity of glutamate receptors and implications for brain function
    • Nakanishi, S, Molecular diversity of glutamate receptors and implications for brain function. Science., 258:597, 1992.
    • (1992) Scienc , vol.258 , pp. 597
    • Nakanishi, S.1
  • 78
    • 0028904022 scopus 로고
    • Expression of AMPA, kainate, and NMDA receptor subunits in cochlear and vestibular ganglia
    • Niedzielski, AS, and Wenthold, RJ, Expression of AMPA, kainate, and NMDA receptor subunits in cochlear and vestibular ganglia. J. Neurosci., 15:2338, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 2338
    • Niedzielski, A.S.1    Wenthold, R.J.2
  • 79
    • 0027355085 scopus 로고
    • Calcitonin gene-related peptide in theefferent system of the inner ear. A review
    • Olmo, K, Takeda, N, Tanaka-Tsuji, M, and Matsunaga, T, Calcitonin gene-related peptide in theefferent system of the inner ear. A review. Acta Otolaryngol., 501:16, 1993.
    • (1993) Acta Otolaryngo , vol.501 , pp. 16
    • Olmo, K.1    Takeda, N.2    Tanaka-Tsuji, M.3    Matsunaga, T.4
  • 80
    • 0025937120 scopus 로고
    • Coexistence of acetylcholineand calcitonin gene-related peptide in the vestibular efferent neurons in the rat
    • Olmo, K, Takeda, N, Yamano, M, Matsunaga, T, and Tohyama, M, Coexistence of acetylcholineand calcitonin gene-related peptide in the vestibular efferent neurons in the rat. Brain Res., 566:103, 1991.
    • (1991) Brain Re , vol.566 , pp. 103
    • Olmo, K.1    Takeda, N.2    Yamano, M.3    Matsunaga, T.4    Tohyama, M.5
  • 81
    • 0028151089 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and caniosine in the vestibularsystemofthe frog
    • Panzanelli, P, Valli, P, Cantino, D, and Fasolo, A, Glutamate and caniosine in the vestibularsystemofthe frog. Brain Res., 662: 293, 1994.
    • (1994) Brain Re , vol.662 , pp. 293
    • Panzanelli, P.1    Valli, P.2    Cantino, D.3    Fasolo, A.4
  • 82
    • 0025946975 scopus 로고
    • Streptomycin blocks the postsynaptic effects of excitatoryaminoacids on the vestibular system primary afferents
    • Perez, M E, Soto, E, and Vega, R, Streptomycin blocks the postsynaptic effects of excitatoryaminoacids on the vestibular system primary afferents. Brain Res., 563:221, 1991.
    • (1991) Brain Re , vol.563 , pp. 221
    • Perez, M.E.1    Soto, E.2    Vega, R.3
  • 83
    • 0019967973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An iontophoresis investigation of the actions of convulsant kynurenines and the interaction with the endogenous excitant quinolinic acid
    • Perkins, MN, and Stone, TW, An iontophoresis investigation of the actions of convulsant kynurenines and the interaction with the endogenous excitant quinolinic acid. Brain Res., 247:184.
    • Brain Res , vol.247 , pp. 184
    • Perkins, M.N.1    Stone, T.W.2
  • 84
    • 0027392439 scopus 로고
    • Two types of sensory hair cell in the saccule of a teleostfish
    • Popper, AN, Saidel, WM, and Chang, JSY, Two types of sensory hair cell in the saccule of a teleostfish. Hearing Res., 64:211, 1993.
    • (1993) Hearing Re , vol.64 , pp. 211
    • Popper, A.N.1    Saidel, W.M.2    Chang, J.S.Y.3
  • 85
    • 0026956404 scopus 로고
    • Calcium currents in solitary hair cells isolated from frog crista ampullaris
    • Prigioni, I, Masetto, S, Russo, G, and Taglietti, V, Calcium currents in solitary hair cells isolated from frog crista ampullaris. J. Vestib., Res. 2:31, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Vestib., Res , vol.2 , pp. 31
    • Prigioni, I.1    Masetto, S.2    Russo, G.3    Taglietti, V.4
  • 86
    • 0028329330 scopus 로고
    • Non-NMDA receptors mediate glutamate-induced depolarization in frog crista ampullaris
    • Prigioni, I, Russo, G, and Masetto, S, Non-NMDA receptors mediate glutamate-induced depolarization in frog crista ampullaris. Neuroreport, 5:516, 1994.
    • (1994) Neurorepor , vol.5 , pp. 516
    • Prigioni, I.1    Russo, G.2    Masetto, S.3
  • 87
    • 0025316754 scopus 로고
    • Pre- and postsynaptic excitatory action of glutamate agonists on frog vestibular receptors
    • Prigioni, I, Russo, G, Valli, P, and Masetto, S, Pre- and postsynaptic excitatory action of glutamate agonists on frog vestibular receptors. Heating Res., 46:253, 1990.
    • (1990) Heating Re , vol.46 , pp. 253
    • Prigioni, I.1    Russo, G.2    Valli, P.3    Masetto, S.4
  • 88
    • 0030754390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vestibular type I and type II hair cells. Morphometric comparisons of dissociated pigeon hair cells
    • Ricci, AJ, Cochran, SL, Rennie, KJ, and Correia, MJ, (Vestibular type I and type II hair cells. Morphometric comparisons of dissociated pigeon hair cells. J. Vestib. Res., 7:407, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Vestib. Res , vol.7 , pp. 407
    • Ricci, A.J.1    Cochran, S.L.2    Rennie, K.J.3    Correia, M.J.4
  • 89
    • 0028293144 scopus 로고
    • Coexistence of calcitonin gene-related peptide and choline acetyltransferase in EEL efferent neurons
    • Roberts BL, Maslam S, Losi, Van Der Jagt B Coexistence of calcitonin gene-related peptide and choline acetyltransferase in EEL efferent neurons. Hearing Res., 74:231, 1994.
    • (1994) Hearing Re , vol.74 , pp. 231
    • Roberts, B.L.1    Maslam, S.2    Losi Van Der Jagt, B.3
  • 90
    • 0024152090 scopus 로고
    • Hair cells: Transduction, tuning, and transmission in the inner ear
    • Roberts, WM, Howard, J, and Hudspeth, A J, Hair cells: Transduction, tuning, and transmission in the inner ear. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol., 4:63-92, 1988.
    • (1988) Annu. Rev. Cell Biol , vol.4 , pp. 63-92
    • Roberts, W.M.1    Howard, J.2    Hudspeth, A.J.3
  • 91
    • 0025514341 scopus 로고
    • Colocalization of ion channels involved in frequency selectivity and synaptic transmission at presynaptic active zones of hair cells
    • Roberts, WM, Jacobs, RA, and Hudspeth, AJ, Colocalization of ion channels involved in frequency selectivity and synaptic transmission at presynaptic active zones of hair cells. J. Neurosci., 10:3664, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 3664
    • Roberts, W.M.1    Jacobs, R.A.2    Hudspeth, A.J.3
  • 92
    • 0025896119 scopus 로고
    • Efferent control of posterior canal afferent receptor discharge in the frog labyrinth
    • Rossi, ML, Martini, M, Efferent control of posterior canal afferent receptor discharge in the frog labyrinth. Brain Res., 555:123, 1991.
    • (1991) Brain Re , vol.555 , pp. 123
    • Rossi, M.L.1    Martini, M.2
  • 93
    • 0028356958 scopus 로고
    • Quantal nature of synaptic transmission at the cytoneural junction in the frog labyrinth
    • Rossi, ML, Martini, M, Peluchi, B, andFesce, R, Quantal nature of synaptic transmission at the cytoneural junction in the frog labyrinth. J. Physiol., 478:17, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Physiol , vol.478 , pp. 17
    • Rossi, M.L.1    Martini, M.2    Peluchi, B.3    Andfesce, R.4
  • 94
    • 0018830965 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the efferent system in the isolated frog labyrinth: Effects on the afferent EPSPs and spike discharge recorded from single fibers of the posterior nerve
    • Rossi, ML, Prigioni, I, Valli, P, and Casella, C, Activation of the efferent system in the isolated frog labyrinth: effects on the afferent EPSPs and spike discharge recorded from single fibers of the posterior nerve. Brain Res., 180: 125, 1980.
    • (1980) Brain Re , vol.180 , pp. 125
    • Rossi, M.L.1    Prigioni, I.2    Valli, P.3    Casella, C.4
  • 95
    • 0017746494 scopus 로고
    • Post-synaptic potentials recorded from afferent nerve fibres of the posterior semicircular canal in the frog
    • Rossi, ML, Valli, P, and Casella, C, Post-synaptic potentials recorded from afferent nerve fibres of the posterior semicircular canal in the frog. Brain Res., 135:67, 1977.
    • (1977) Brain Re , vol.135 , pp. 67
    • Rossi, M.L.1    Valli, P.2    Casella, C.3
  • 96
    • 85165324641 scopus 로고
    • Secretory function of the vestibular nerve calyx suggested by presence of vesicles, synapsin I, and synaptophysin
    • Scarfone, E, Dememes, D, Jahn R, De Camilli P, and Sans, A, Secretory function of the vestibular nerve calyx suggested by presence of vesicles, synapsin I, and synaptophysin. J. Neurosci., 10:3664, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 3664
    • Scarfone, E.1    Dememes, D.2    Jahn, R.3    de Camilli, P.4    Sans, A.5
  • 97
    • 0026069738 scopus 로고
    • Synapsin I and synaptophysin expression during ontogenesis of the mouse peripheral vestibular system
    • Scarfone, E, Dememes, D, and Sans, A, Synapsin I and synaptophysin expression during ontogenesis of the mouse peripheral vestibular system. J. Neurosci., 11:1173, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 1173
    • Scarfone, E.1    Dememes, D.2    Sans, A.3
  • 98
    • 0025854350 scopus 로고
    • Morphophy siology of synaptic transmission between type I hair cells and vestibular primary afferents. An intracellular study employinghorseradish peroxidase in the lizard, Calotes versicolor
    • Schessel, DA, Ginzberg, R, and Highstein, SM, Morphophy siology of synaptic transmission between type I hair cells and vestibular primary afferents. An intracellular study employinghorseradish peroxidase in the lizard, Calotes versicolor. Brain Res., 544:1, 1991.
    • (1991) Brain Re , vol.544 , Issue.1
    • Schessel, D.A.1    Ginzberg, R.2    Highstein, S.M.3
  • 99
    • 0023388275 scopus 로고
    • Neuroactive substances in inner ear extracts
    • Sewell, WF, and Mroz, EA, Neuroactive substances in inner ear extracts. J. Neurosci., 7:246, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 246
    • Sewell, W.F.1    Mroz, E.A.2
  • 100
    • 0025669885 scopus 로고
    • Purification of a low-molecular-weight excitatory substance from the inner ears of goldfish
    • Sewell, WF, and Mroz, E, Purification of a low-molecular-weight excitatory substance from the inner ears of goldfish. Hearing Res., 50:127, 1990.
    • (1990) Hearing Re , vol.50 , pp. 127
    • Sewell, W.F.1    Mroz, E.2
  • 101
    • 0025743205 scopus 로고
    • Starr, and PA, Effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide and efferent nerve stimulation on afferent transmission in the lateral line organ
    • Sewell, WF, Starr, and PA, Effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide and efferent nerve stimulation on afferent transmission in the lateral line organ. J. Neurophysiol., 65:1158, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Neurophysiol , vol.65 , pp. 1158
    • Sewell, W.F.1
  • 102
    • 0019732325 scopus 로고
    • Directional sensitivity of individual vertebrate hair cells to a controlled deflection of hair bundles
    • Shotwell, SL, Jacobs, R, and Hudspeth, AJ, Directional sensitivity of individual vertebrate hair cells to a controlled deflection of hair bundles. Ann. NY. Acad., Sci. 374:1, 1981.
    • (1981) Ann. NY. Acad., Sci , vol.374 , pp. 1
    • Shotwell, S.L.1    Jacobs, R.2    Hudspeth, A.J.3
  • 103
    • 0026717588 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate receptor channels: Novel properties and new clones
    • Sommer, B, and Seeburg, PH, Glutamate receptor channels: novel properties and new clones. Trends Pharmacol Sci., 13:291, 1992.
    • (1992) Trends Pharmacol Sc , vol.13 , pp. 291
    • Sommer, B.1    Seeburg, P.H.2
  • 104
    • 0027968308 scopus 로고
    • NMDA-mediate potentiation of the afferent synapse in the inner ear
    • Soto, E, Flores, A, and Vega, R, NMDA-mediate potentiation of the afferent synapse in the inner ear. Neurorep., 5:1963, 1994.
    • (1994) Neurore , vol.5 , pp. 1963
    • Soto, E.1    Flores, A.2    Vega, R.3
  • 105
    • 84910867978 scopus 로고
    • Streptomycin blocks quisqualate and kainate effects on the vestibular system primary afferents
    • Meldrum BS, Ed, New York: Raven Pres
    • Soto, E, Perez, ME, and Vega, R Streptomycin blocks quisqualate and kainate effects on the vestibular system primary afferents. Excitatory Amino Acids (Meldrum BS, Ed.), pp 293-296. New York: Raven Press, 1991.
    • (1991) Excitatory Amino Acid , pp. 293-296
    • Soto, E.1    Perez, M.E.2    Vega, R.3
  • 106
    • 0023750033 scopus 로고
    • Actions of excitatory amino acid agonists and antagonists on the primary afferents of the vestibular system of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
    • Soto, E, and Vega, R, Actions of excitatory amino acid agonists and antagonists on the primary afferents of the vestibular system of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). Brain Res., 462:104, 1988.
    • (1988) Brain Re , vol.462 , pp. 104
    • Soto, E.1    Vega, R.2
  • 107
    • 0026083253 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter release from hair cells and its blockade by glutamate-receptor antagonists
    • Starr, PA, and Sewell, WF, Neurotransmitter release from hair cells and its blockade by glutamate-receptor antagonists. Hearing Res., 52:23, 1991.
    • (1991) Hearing Re , vol.52 , pp. 23
    • Starr, P.A.1    Sewell, W.F.2
  • 108
    • 0028851715 scopus 로고
    • Two types of calcium channels in bullfrog saccular hair cells
    • Su, Z-L, Jiang, S-C, Gu, R, and Yang, W-P, Two types of calcium channels in bullfrog saccular hair cells. Hearing Res., 87:62, 1995.
    • (1995) Hearing Re , vol.87 , pp. 62
    • Su, Z.-L.1    Jiang, S.-C.2    Gu, R.3    Yang, W.-P.4
  • 109
    • 0025931925 scopus 로고
    • Effects of activation of the divergent efferent fibers on the spontaneous activity of vestibular afferent fibers in the toad
    • Sugai, T, Sugitani, M, and Ooyama, H, Effects of activation of the divergent efferent fibers on the spontaneous activity of vestibular afferent fibers in the toad. Jap. J. Physiol., 41:217, 1991.
    • (1991) Jap. J. Physiol , vol.41 , pp. 217
    • Sugai, T.1    Sugitani, M.2    Ooyama, H.3
  • 110
    • 73049145124 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the potassium concentration around motor nerve terminals, produced by current flow, and their effects upon neuromuscular transmission
    • Takeuchi, A, and Takeuchi, N, Changes in the potassium concentration around motor nerve terminals, produced by current flow, and their effects upon neuromuscular transmission. J. Physiol., 155:46, 1961.
    • (1961) J. Physiol , vol.155 , pp. 46
    • Takeuchi, A.1    Takeuchi, N.2
  • 111
    • 0343797814 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic transmission in the ampullary electroreceptor of the transparent cat-fish
    • Teeter, JH, and Bennett, MVL, Synaptic transmission in the ampullary electroreceptor of the transparent cat-fish, Kryptopenis. J. Comp. Physiol. A, 142:371, 1981.
    • (1981) Kryptopenis. J. Comp. Physiol. , vol.142 , pp. 371
    • Teeter, J.H.1    Bennett, M.V.L.2
  • 112
    • 0025245420 scopus 로고
    • Calcium channels stores and oscillations
    • Tsien, RW, and Tsien, RY Calcium channels stores and oscillations. Ann. Rev. Cell Biol., 6:715, 1990.
    • (1990) Ann. Rev. Cell Biol , vol.6 , pp. 715
    • Tsien, R.W.1    Tsien, R.Y.2
  • 113
    • 0028213058 scopus 로고
    • The effect of 1-glutamate on the afferent resting activity in the cephalopod statocyst
    • Tu, Y, and Budelmann, BU, The effect of 1-glutamate on the afferent resting activity in the cephalopod statocyst. Brain Res., 642:47, 1994.
    • (1994) Brain Re , vol.642 , pp. 47
    • Tu, Y.1    Budelmann, B.U.2
  • 114
    • 0024359099 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical study of the GABA system in chicken vestibular endorgans and the vestibular ganglion
    • Usami, S, Hozawa, J, Tazawa, M, Igarashi, M, Thompson, GC, Wu, J-Y, and Wenthold, RJ, Immunocytochemical study of the GABA system in chicken vestibular endorgans and the vestibular ganglion. Brain Res., 503:214, 1989.
    • (1989) Brain Re , vol.503 , pp. 214
    • Usami, S.1    Hozawa, J.2    Tazawa, M.3    Igarashi, M.4    Thompson, G.C.5    Wu, J.-Y.6    Wenthold, R.J.7
  • 115
    • 0023253160 scopus 로고
    • GABA-like immunoreactivity in the squirrel monkeyvesti-bular endorgans
    • Usami, S, Igarashi, M, and Thompson, GC, GABA-like immunoreactivity in the squirrel monkeyvesti-bular endorgans. Brain Res., 417:367, 1987.
    • (1987) Brain Re , vol.417 , pp. 367
    • Usami, S.1    Igarashi, M.2    Thompson, G.C.3
  • 116
    • 0023200256 scopus 로고
    • GABA-like immunoreactivity in the chick vestibular end organs
    • Usami, S, Igarashi, M, and Thompson, GC, GABA-like immunoreactivity in the chick vestibular end organs. Brain Res., 418:383, 1987.
    • (1987) Brain Re , vol.418 , pp. 383
    • Usami, S.1    Igarashi, M.2    Thompson, G.C.3
  • 117
    • 0026794508 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of glutamate-like and glutamine-like immunoreactivities in the rat organ of Corti: A light microscopic and semiquantitative electron micro-scopic analysis with a note on the localization of aspartate
    • Usami, S, Lsen, KK, Nhang, N, and Ottersen, OP, Distribution of glutamate-like and glutamine-like immunoreactivities in the rat organ of Corti: A light microscopic and semiquantitative electron micro-scopic analysis with a note on the localization of aspartate. Exp. Brain Res., 1992. 91:1-11.
    • (1992) Exp. Brain Res , vol.91 , pp. 1-11
    • Usami, S.1    Lsen, K.K.2    Nhang, N.3    Ottersen, O.P.4
  • 118
    • 0029055492 scopus 로고
    • NMDA (NMDAR!) and AMPA-type (GluR2/3) receptor subunits are expressed in the inner ear
    • Usami, S, Matsubara, A, Fujita, S, Shinkawa, H, and Hayashi, M, NMDA (NMDAR!) and AMPA-type (GluR2/3) receptor subunits are expressed in the inner ear. Neurorep., 6:1161, 1995.
    • (1995) Neurore , vol.6 , pp. 1161
    • Usami, S.1    Matsubara, A.2    Fujita, S.3    Shinkawa, H.4    Hayashi, M.5
  • 119
    • 0028947468 scopus 로고
    • Differential cellular distribution of glutamate and glutamine in the rat vestibular endorgans: An immunocytochemical study
    • Usami, S, and Ottersen, OP, Differential cellular distribution of glutamate and glutamine in the rat vestibular endorgans: An immunocytochemical study. Brain Res., 676:285, 1995.
    • (1995) Brain Re , vol.676 , pp. 285
    • Usami, S.1    Ottersen, O.P.2
  • 120
  • 121
    • 0010750216 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and adaptation of ampullary receptors torapid perilymphatic potassium changes
    • Valli, P, Zucca, G, Botta, L, and Casella, C, Sensitivity and adaptation of ampullary receptors torapid perilymphatic potassium changes. J. Comp. Physiol., A:162:173, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Comp. Physiol. , vol.162 , pp. 173
    • Valli, P.1    Zucca, G.2    Botta, L.3    Casella, C.4
  • 123
    • 0027439106 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA and immunoreactivity in the rat central and peripheral vestibular system
    • Wackym, PA, Popper P, Micevych, PE, Distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA and immunoreactivity in the rat central and peripheral vestibular system. Acta Otolaryngol., 113:601, 1993.
    • (1993) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.113 , pp. 601
    • Wackym, P.A.1    Popper, P.2    Micevych, P.E.3
  • 126
    • 0002791717 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the structure and innervation of the sensory epithelium of the cristae ampullares in the guinea pig
    • Wersall, J, Studies on the structure and innervation of the sensory epithelium of the cristae ampullares in the guinea pig. Acta Otolaymgol., Suppl. 126:1, 1956.
    • (1956) Acta Otolaymgo , vol.126 , pp. 1
    • Wersall, J.1
  • 127
    • 0013823903 scopus 로고
    • Structural basis for directional sensitivity in cochlearand vestibular sensory receptors
    • Wersall, J, Flock, A, and Lundquist, P-G, Structural basis for directional sensitivity in cochlearand vestibular sensory receptors. Cold Spring Harbor Symp., 30:115, 1965.
    • (1965) Cold Spring Harbor Sym , vol.30 , pp. 115
    • Wersall, J.1    Flock, A.2    Lundquist, P.-G.3
  • 130
    • 0025307369 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic responses to mechanical stimulation in calyceal andbouton type vestibular afferents studied in an isolated preparation of semicircular canal ampullaeofchicken
    • Yamashita, M, and Ohmori, H, Synaptic responses to mechanical stimulation in calyceal andbouton type vestibular afferents studied in an isolated preparation of semicircular canal ampullaeofchicken. Exp. Brain Res., 80:475, 1990.
    • (1990) Exp. Brain Res , vol.80 , pp. 475
    • Yamashita, M.1    Ohmori, H.2
  • 131
    • 0028920610 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic analysis of barium currents in chick cochlear hair cells
    • Zidanic, M, and Fuchs, PA, Kinetic analysis of barium currents in chick cochlear hair cells. Biophys J., 68:1323, 1995.
    • (1995) Biophys , vol.68 , pp. 1323
    • Zidanic, M.1    Fuchs, P.A.2
  • 132
  • 133
    • 0026592249 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for L-glutamate release in frog vestibular organs
    • Zucca, G, Botta, L, Milesi, V, Dagani, F, and Valli, P, Evidence for L-glutamate release in frog vestibular organs. Hearing Res., 63:52, 1992.
    • (1992) Hearing Re , vol.63 , pp. 52
    • Zucca, G.1    Botta, L.2    Milesi, V.3    Dagani, F.4    Valli, P.5
  • 134
    • 0026507975 scopus 로고
    • Streptomycin blocks the afferent synapse of the isolated semicircular canals of the frog
    • Zucca, G, Vega, R, Botta, L, Perez ME, Valli P, and Soto E, Streptomycin blocks the afferent synapse of the isolated semicircular canals of the frog. Hearing Res., 59:70, 1992.
    • (1992) Hearing Re , vol.59 , pp. 70
    • Zucca, G.1    Vega, R.2    Botta, L.3    Perez, M.E.4    Valli, P.5    Soto, E.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.