American Literary Realism and the Failed Promise of Contract

American Literary Realism and the Failed Promise of Contract

Volumn , Issue , 2023, Pages 1-360

  Thomas, Brook ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 85165022980     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1525/9780520326118     Document Type: Book

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235. Tourgee, "The South as a Field for Fiction," 409.
236. Steven Mailloux, Rhetorical Power (Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1989), p. 102.
237. Jane Tompkins, Sensational Designs (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1985)
238. Philip Fisher, Hard Facts, (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1985)
239. Louis D. Rubin, George Washington Cable, (New York: Pegasus, 1969), pp. Z18-19.
240. Herbert F. Smith, Richard Watson Gilder, (New York: Twayne, 1970), p. 71.
241. Kenneth W. Warren, Black and White Strangers: Race and American Literary Realism (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1993), p. 38.
242. Amy Kaplan, The Social Construction of American Realism (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1988)
243. Daniel Borus, Writing Realism, (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1989)
244. Albion W. Tourgee, Our Continent, 2 (Dec. 27, 1882): 797.
245. Albion W. Tourgee, "A Study in Civilization," The North American Review 143 (1886): 252, 253, 252.
246. Gyorgy Lukacs, "Narrate or Describe?" in Writer and Critic and Other Essays (London: Merlin Press, 1970), pp. 110-48.
247. Albion W. Tourgee, Our Continent 3 (April 18, 1882): 509.
248. Albion W. Tourgee, Our Continent, 3 (Jan. 31, 1883): 155.
249. Albion W. Tourgee, "Study," 250.
250. Albion W. Tourgee, "Study," 249-50.
251. Albion W. Tourgee, "Study," 246.
252. "The Literary Quality of'Uncle Tom's Cabin,'" The Independent 48 (August 20, 1896): 3-4, quotation on p. 3.
253. Albion W. Tourgee, Our Continent, 3 (May 23, 1883): 669.
254. Howells and the Age of Realism (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1954), PP- 79-81, 154.
255. Ray Ginger, The Age of Excess (New York: Macmillan, 1965), p. 74.
256. Albion W. Tourgée, Our Continent 3 (Feb. 7, 1883): 187.
257. Mark Seidenfeld "A Civic Republican Justification for the Bureaucratic State," Harvard Law Review 105 (1992): 1511-76.
258. Twain's "John Chinaman in New York" (1870), in Collected Tales, Sketches, Speeches, & Essays, 1852-1890, pp. 440-41.
259. Thomas Haskell, The Emergence of Professional Social Science (Urban: Urbana Univ. Press, 1977), pp. 67-68.
260. Max Fisch, "Justice Holmes, The Prediction Theory of Law, and Pragmatism," Journal of Philosophy 39 (1942): 85-97.
261. Fisch, "Holmes, Pierce, and Legal Pragmatism," Tale Law Journals 4 (1975): 1123-31.
262. Fisch, "Holmes, Pierce, and Legal Pragmatism," Tale Law Journals 4 (1975): 1123- 31.
263. Frederic Rogers Kellogg, "The Making of an American Legal Philosophy," in The Formative Essays of Justice Holmes (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1984), pp. 3-74
264. Thomas C. Grey, "Holmes and Legal Pragmatism," Stanford Law Review 41 (1989): 787-870;
265. Richard Posner, The Problems of Jurisprudence (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1990).
266. Morton White's link between Holmes and Dewey. "The Judge as Spectator," The University of Chicago Law Review 31 (1964): 251-53, n. 194.
267. H. L. Pohlman claims that Holmes was a utilitarian, in Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes and Utilitarian Jurisprudence (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1984)
268. Patrick J. Kelley that he was a positivist in "Was Holmes a Pragmatist? Reflections on a New Twist to an Old Argument," Southern Illinois University Law Journal 14 (1990): 427-67.
269. Robert Gordon, "Legal Thought and Legal Practice in the Age of American Enterprise, 1870-1920," in Professions and Professional Ideologies in America, ed. Gerald L. Geison (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1983), PP- 70 -110.
270. R. Jackson Wilson, In Quest of Community (New York: John Wiley, 1968), p. 43.
271. Charles Sanders Peirce, "The Fixation of Belief," in Classic American Philosophers, ed. Max H. Frisch (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1951), pp. 62, 63.
272. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., The Common Law, ed. Mark De Wolfe Howe (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1963), p. 5.
273. Lofgren, Plessy, especially "The Intellectual Environment: Racist Thought in the Late Nineteenth Century," pp. 93-115.
274. Tennessee Law Review 54 (1987): 203-78.
275. Maxwell Bloomfield, Law and American Literature (New York: Knopf, 1983), pp. 45-124.
276. "Mark Twain and Homer Plessy," Representations, 24 (1988): 102-27. For the acknowledgment, see Wake, p. 650, n. 8.
277. John Carlos Rowe, Through the Custom-House (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1982), p. 147.
278. Mark Twain, Mark Twain in Eruption, ed. Bernard De Voto (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1940), pp. 204, 206, 206-7.
279. Mark Twain, "Mental Telegraphy" and "Mental Telegraphy Again," In Defense of Harriet Shelley and Other Essays (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1929), pp. 111-147
280. Howard Kerr, Mediums, and Spirit-Rappers, and Roaring Radicals (Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1972)
281. Wolfgang Iser, "Feigning in Fiction," in Identity of the Literary Text, eds. Mario J. Valdés and Owen Miller (Toronto: Univ. ofToronto Press, 1985), pp. 204-28.
282. Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S., 483, 494 (1954).
283. "Those Extraordinary Twins," ed. Sidney E. Berger (New York: Norton & Co., 1980)
284. David Graham Phillips, The Cost (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1904)
285. David Graham Phillips, "' Bev '" and "Secretary Root and His Plea for Centralization," in Contemporaries, ed. Louis Filler (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981)
286. Francis Lynde, The Grafters (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1904)
287. Justin Kaplan, Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1966).
288. John D. Lewis, The Genossens chaft-Theory of Otto von Gierke, no. 25 (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Studies in the Social Sciences and History, 1935) P. 75.
289. Frederic William Maitland's introduction to his translation of Otto Gierke, Political Theories of the Middle Ages (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1900), pp. vii-1v.
290. Sheldon M. Novick, Honorable Justice (Boston: Little, Brown, 1989), p. 312.
291. Morton Horwitz, "Santa, Clara Revisited: The Development of Corporate Theory," West Virginia Law Review 88 (1985): 173-224.
292. Walter Benn Michaels, "Corporate Fiction," The Gold Standard and the Logic of Naturalism (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1987), pp. 181 - 214 .
293. Brook Thomas, "Walter Benn Michaels and Cultural Poetics: Where's the Difference?" The New Historicism and Other Old-Fashioned Topics (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1991), p. 117-50.
294. The Rise of American Civilization, vol. 2 (New York: Macmillan Co., 1927), pp. 111 – 14.
295. Charles Wallace Collins, The Fourteenth Amendment and the States (Boston: Little, Brown, 1912), pp. 145 - 46.
296. Robert C. Post, "The Social Foundations of Privacy: Community and Self in the Common Law Tort," California Law Review 77 (1989): 986, n. 141.
297. Alan Trachtenberg, The Incorporation of America (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982).
298. Horwitz, "Santa Clara Revisited," 206.
299. Louise A. Halper, "Christopher G. Tiedeman, 'Laissez-Faire Constitutionalism' and the Dilemmas of Small-Scale Property in the Gilded Age," Ohio State Law Journal 51 (1990): 1347-84.
300. Martin Sklar, The Corporate Reconstruction of American Capitalism: 1890-1916 (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988), p. 88.
301. R. Jeffrey Lustig, Corporate Liberalism (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1982).
302. Morton Horwitz, The Transformation of American Law, 1870-1960 (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1992)
303. Tony Fryer, Regulating Big Business (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1992);
304. Herbert Hovenkamp, Enterprise and American Law (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1991).
305. Adolf A. Berle Jr. and Gardiner Means, The Modern Corporation and Private Property (Chicago: Commerce Clearing House, 1932);
306. Oscar Handlin and Mary F. Handlin, "Origins of the American Business Corporation," Journal of Economic History 5 (1945): 1-23;
307. James Willard Hurst The Legitimacy of the Business Corporation in the Law of the United States, 1780-1970 (Charlottesville: Univ. of Virginia Press, 1970).
308. Oscar Lewis, The Bib Four (New York: Knopf, 1938).
309. Henry Sumner Maine, Ancient Law: Its Connection with the Early History of Society and. Its Relation to Modern Ideas, 10th ed. (1861; reprint, New York: Dorset Press, 1986), pp. 17-36;
310. Kathy Eden, Poetic and Legal Fiction in the Aristotelian Tradition (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1986), pp. 45-46.
311. Louis Budd, Mark Twain: Social Philosopher (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1962), pp. 194-200.
312. Ala C. Ravitz, David Graham Phillips (New York: Twayne, 1966).
313. Isaac Marcosson, David Graham Phillips and His Times (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1932);
314. Kenneth S. Lynn, The Dream of Success (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1955), pp. 121 - 57.
315. Louis Filler, Voice of the Democracy: A Critical Biography of David Graham Phillips (University Park: Penn State Univ. Press, 1978)
316. Christopher Wilson, The Labor of Words: Literary Professionalism in the Progressive Era (Athens: Univ. of Georgia Press, 1985), pp. 141-67.
317. Maxwell Bloomfield, "Fictional Lawyers and the Rise of the Corporate State," in Carl S. Smith, John P. McWilliams Jr., and Maxwell Bloomfield, Law and American Literature (New York: Knopf, 1983), pp. 148-72.
318. Theodore Roosevelt, "The Man with the Muck-Rake," Outlook 82 (1906): 884-87.
319. Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1955), P. 5.
320. David Graham Phillips, "New York's Misrepresentatives," Cosmopolitan 40 (1906): 488.
321. Daniel T. Rogers, "In Search of Progressivism," Reviews in American History 10 (1982): 113-32.
322. C. Wright Mills, White Collar (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1953).
323. "The Fate of the Salaried Man," Independent 60 (1903): 2002.
324. David Graham Phillips, The Treason of the Senate, ed. George Mowry and Judson A. Grenier (Chicago: Quadrangle, 1964), p. 56.
325. Albion W. Tourgée, "The Anti-Trust Campaign," The North American Review (July 1893): 41.
326. Warren Susman, " 'Personality' and the Making of Twentieth-Century Culture," in Culture as History (New York: Pantheon Books, 1984), pp. 271-85.
327. John Hicks, The Populist Revolt (Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1931)
328. Matthew Josephson, The Robber Barons (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1934)
329. Samuel Hays, The Response to Industrialism (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1957).
330. Alfred D. Chandler Jr., The Visible Hand (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1977);
331. Olivier Zunz, Making America Corporate: 1870-1920 (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1990);
332. James Livingston, "The Social Analysis of Economic History and Theory: Conjectures on Late Nineteenth- Century American Development," American Historical Review 92 (1987): 69-85.
333. Phillips, Treason, pp. 82-83.
334. Albert J. Beveridge, "Trusts, A Development," The Meaning of the Times (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1908), p. 146.
335. Albert J. Beveridge, "Trusts," p. 145.
336. W. J. Ghent, "The Next Step: A Benevolent Feudalism," The Independent 54 (1902): 781.
337. Walter Licht's valuable Working for the Railroad (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1983).
338. William L. Riordon, Plunkitt of Tammany Hall, ed. Terrence J. Mc- Donald (Boston: Bedford Books, 1994), pp. 49-51.
339. Robert Wiebe, The Search for Order (New York: Hill and Wang, 1967), p. 166.
340. Zunz, Making America, p. 35.
341. Martha Banta also discusses the alliance in Taylorized Lives (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1993).
342. Dewey Grantham, Southern Progressivism: The Reconciliation of Progress and Tradition (Lexington: Univ. of Kentucky Press, 1983).
343. David W. Noble, The Paradox of Progressive Thought (Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1958).
344. Louis D. Brandeis, The Curse of Bigness (New York: Viking Press, 1934), p. 104.
345. Spencer Olin, "Free Markets and Corporate America," Radical History Review 50 (1991): 213-20.
346. Paul P. Van Riper, History of the United States Civil Service (Evanston, 111.: Row, Peterson, 1958).
347. "The Study of Administration," Political Science Quarterly 2 (1887): 197-222.
348. Christopher Wilson, The Labor of Words.
349. P. S. Atiyah, The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979), p. 6.
350. Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1958), p. 233.
351. Henry James, The Golden Bowl, in The Novels and Tales of Henry James, vols. 2.3 and 24 (New York: Scribners, 1908)
352. Alan Keenan, "PROMISES, PROMISES: The Abyss of Freedom and the Loss of the Political in the Work of Hannah Arendt," Political Theory 22 (1994): 297-322.
353. J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1975).
354. Richard Chase, The American Novel and Its Tradition (Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1957), p. 186 n.
355. Albion W. Tourgee, "The Claim of 'Realism,' " North American Review 148 (1889): 387, 386, 387.
356. Walter Benn Michaels, The Gold Standard and the Logic of Capitalism (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1987), p. 201.
357. Mark Seltzer, Bodies and Machines (New York: Roudedge, 1992), p. 26.
358. Mark Twain-Howells Letters, eds. Henry Nash Smith and William M. Gibson, vol. 2 (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1960), p. 630.
359. "Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading," Selected Literary Criticism, ed. Ronald Gottesman, vol. 3 (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1993), p. 222.
360. The Love Letters of Mark Twain, ed. Dixon Wector (New York: Harper, 1941), P- 291
361. Leon Edel, The Life of Henry James, vol. 2 (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1962), pp. 165-66.
362. David Mc Whirter argues that "James's fatalistic vision of human experience" invites further study of James's "affinity with the naturalist currents of his era." Desire and Love in Henry James (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1989), p. 167.
363. National Identities and Post- Americanist Narratives, ed. Donald E. Pease (Durham: Duke Univ. Press, 1994), P- 33
364. Wolfgang Iser, "Staging as an Anthropological Category," New Literary History 13 (1993): 879.
365. W. E. B. Du Bois, "The Strivings of the Negro People," Atlantic Monthly 80 (1897): 194.
366. W. E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk (New York: Penguin, 1989), p. 5.
367. After Philosophy, eds. Kenneth Baynes, James Bohman, and Thomas McCarthy (Cambridge: MIT Univ. Press, 1988), p. 456.
368. James wrote, "are infinite." Literary Criticism: Essays on Literature, American Writers, English Writers (New York: Library of America, 1984), p. 105.
369. Georges Poulet, "The Phenomenology of Reading," New Literary History 1 (1969): 54-72.
370. Yosal Rogat, "The Judge as Spectator," University of Chicago Law Review 31 (1964): 219, 220.
371. Mark DeWolfe Howe, Justice Holmes: The Proving Tears (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1963).
372. Lawrence Friedman, Contract Law in America (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1965), p. 20.
373. Cynthia Griffin Wolff, "Thanatos and Eros: Kate Chopin's The Awakening," American Quarterly 25 (1973): 449-72.
374. Jules Chametsky, "Our Decentralized Literature: The Significance of Region, Ethnic, Racial, and Sexual Factors," in Our Decentralized Literature (Amherst: Univ. of Massachusetts Press, 1986), pp. 43, 44.
375. Elaine Showalter, "Tradition and the Individual Talent: The Awakening as a Solitary Book," in The Awakening, ed. Nancy A. Walker, (Boston: Bedford Books, 1993), pp. 169-89.
376. Margit Stange, "Personal Property: Exchange Value and the Female Self in The Awakening," in The Awakening, ed. Nancy A. Walker, pp. 201 - 17.
377. Wai-chee Dimock, "Rightful Subjectivity," Tale Journal of Criticism 4 (1990): 25 - 51.
378. Albion W. Tourgée, "The Reversal of Malthus," The American Journal of Sociology 2 (1896): 20, 22, 22.
379. Romanciers Américains Contemporains, ed. Henri Kerst (Cahiers des Langues Modernes 1) (1946): 9-35
380. Susan J. Rosowski, "The Novel of Awakening," Genre 12 (1979): 313 - 32.
381. Chametzky, "Decentralized Literature," p. 43.
382. Carole Pateman, The Sexual Contract (Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1988), pp. 49, 182, 183.
383. Peter H. Schuck and Rogers M. Smith, Citizenship without Consent, (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1985), p. 39.
384. Michael T. Gilmore, "Revolt against Nature: The Problematic Modernism of The Awakening," in New Essays on "The Awakening", ed. Wendy Martin (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988), pp. 59-87.
385. Hannah Arendt, "Reflections on Little Rock," Dissent 6 (1959): 45-56.
386. Elisabeth Young-Bruehl, Hannah Arendt: For Love of the World (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1982), 308-18;
387. Marie A. Failinger, "Equality versus the Right to Choose Associates: A Critique of Hannah Arendt's View of the Supreme Court's Dilemma," University of Pittsburgh Law Review 49 (1987): 143-88;
388. Werner Sollors, "Of Mules and Mares in a Land of Difference; or Quadrupeds All?" American Quarterly 4:2. (1990): 167-90.
389. Ellison's contribution to Who Speaks for the Negro?, ed. Robert Penn Warren (New York: Random House, 1965), pp. 342-44.
390. Joseph Allen Boone's claim that James's texts bring readers "face to- face with the issues implicit in their concluding uncertainty." Tradition and Counter Tradition (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1987), p. 188.