THEORY AND EXPERIMENTS ON SCATTERING FROM ROUGH INTERFACES

Annual Review of Heat Transfer

Volumn 10, Issue , 1999, Pages 101-140

  Tang, K ^a   Yang, Y ^a   Buckius, R O ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APPROXIMATE MODELING; EXACT METHODS; EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATION; EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH; EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES; METHOD MODEL; ROUGH INTERFACES; SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING; THEORETICAL APPROACH; THEORETICAL STUDY;

SURFACE SCATTERING;

EID: 85162888172     PISSN: 10490787     EISSN: 23750294     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1615/AnnualRevHeatTransfer.v10.50     Document Type: Chapter

References (88)

1. M. Q. Brewster, Thermal Radiative Transfer and Properties, John Wiley, New York, 1992.
2. T. K. Chan, Y. Kuga, A. Ishimaru, and C. T. C. Le, Experimental Studies of Bistatic Scattering fromTwo-Dimensional Conducting Random Rough Surfaces, IEEE Trans. Geo. Remote Sensing, Vol. 34, pp. 674-680, 1996.
3. P. B. Zhou, Numerical Analysis of Electromagnetic Fields, Springer-Verlag, New Y o r k, 1993.
4. W. C. Chew, C. C. Lu, and Y. M. Wang, Efficient Computation of Three-Dimensional Scattering of Vector Electromagnetic Waves, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 11, pp. 1528-1537, 1994.
5. J. L. Volakis and L. C. Kempel, Review of the Finite-Element Method for Three-Dimensional Electromagnetic Scattering, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 11, pp. 1422-1433, 1994.
6. G. L. Wójcik, D. K. Vaughan, and L. K., Calculation of Light Scatter from Structures on Silicon Surfaces, Lasers Microlithography, Vol. 774, Santa Clara, CA, pp. 21-31, 1987.
7. A. Lakhtakia and G. W. Mulholland, On Two Numerical Techniques for Light Scattering by Dielectric Agglomerated Structures, /. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Tech., Vol. 98, pp. 699-716, 1993.
8. A. J. Poggio and E. K. Miller, Integral Equation Solutions of Three Dimensional Scattering Problems, in Computer Techniquesfor Electromagnetics (R. Mittra, Ed.), 2nd ed., Hemisphere, New York, pp. 159-264, 1987.
9. J. A. Stratton, Electromagnetic Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1941.
10. N. Morita, N. Kumagai, and J. R. Mautz, Integral Equation Methods for Electromagnetics, Artech House, Boston, 1990.
11. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory, 2nd ed., John Wiley, New York, 1997.
12. M. F. Iskander, H. Y. Chen, and J. E. Penner, Optical Scattering and Absorption by Branched Chains of Aerosols, Appi. Opt., Vol. 28, pp. 3083-3091, 1989.
13. W. C. Chew, J. M. Jin, C. C. Lu, E. Michielssen, and J. M. Song, Fast Solution Methods in Electromagnetics, IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop., Vol. 45, pp. 533-543, 1997.
14. C. C. Lu and W. C. Chew, The Use of Huygens Equivalence Principle for Solving 3-D Volume Integral Equation of Scattering, IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop., Vol. 43, pp. 500-507, 1995.
15. L. N. Medgyesi-Mitschang, J. M. Putnam, and M. B. Gedera, Generalized Method of Moments for Three-Dimensional Penetrable Scatters, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 11, pp. 1383-1398, 1994.
16. A. Madrazo and M. Nieto-Vesperinas, Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves from a Cylinder in Front of a Conducting Plane, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 12, pp. 1298-1309, 1995.
17. A. A. Maradudin, T. Michel, A. R. McGurn, and E. R. Méndez, Enhanced Backscattering of Light from a Random Grating, Ann. Phys., Vol. 203, pp. 255-307, 1990.
18. V. Celli, A. A. Maradudin, A. M. Marvin, and A. R. McGurn, Some Aspects of Light Scattering from a Randomly Rough Metal Surface, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 2, pp. 2225-2239, 1985.
19. A. A. Maradudin, E. R. Méndez, and T. Michel, Backscattering Effects in the Elastic Scattering of p-Polarized Light from a Large-Amplitude Random Metallic Grating, Opt. Lett., Vol. 14, pp. 151-153, 1989.
20. A. R. McGurn and A. A. Maradudin, An Analogue of Enhanced Backscattering in the Transmission of Light Through a Thin Film with a Randomly Rough Surface, Opt. Comm., Vol. 72, pp. 279-285, 1989.
21. M. Nieto-Vesperinas and J. A. Sanchez-Gil, Light Scattering from a Random Rough Interface with Total Internal Reflection. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A., Vol. 9, pp. 424-436,1992.
22. M. Nieto-Vesperinas and J. A. Sanchez-Gil, Light Transmission from a Randomly Rough Dielectric Diffuser: Theoretical and Experimental Results, Opt. Lett., Vol. 15, pp. 1261-1263, 1990.
23. J. M. Soto-Crespo and M. Nieto-Vesperinas, Electromagnetic Scattering from Very Rough Random Surfaces and Deep Reflection Gratings, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 6, 367-384, 1989.
24. J. A. Sanchez-Gil and M. Nieto-Vesperinas, Light Scattering from Random Dielectric Surfaces, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 8, pp. 1270-1286, 1991.
25. Z. H. Gu, J. Q. Lu, A. Martinez, E. R. Méndez, and A. A. Maradudin, Enhanced Backscattering from a One-Dimensional Rough Dielectric Film on a Glass Substrate, Opt. Lett., Vol. 19, pp. 604-606, 1994.
26. Z. H. Gu, J. Q. L u, A. A. Maradudin, and A. Martinez, Enhanced Backscattering from a Free-Standing Dielectric Film, Appi. Opt., Vol. 34, pp. 3529-3534, 1995.
27. A. A. Maradudin, J. Q. Lu, T. Michel, T. H. Gu, J. C. Dainty, A. J. Sant, E. R. Méndez, and M. Nieto-Vesperinas, Enhanced Backscattering and Transmission of Light from Random Surfaces on Semi-Infinite Substrates and Thin Films, Waves Random Media, Vol. 3, pp. S129-S141, 1991.
28. M. Josse, F. Pincemin, A. A. Maradudin, E. R. Méndez, J. Q. Lu, and Z. H. Gu, Enhanced Backscattering from One-Dimensional Deterministic Surfaces, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 13, pp. 1877-1883, 1996.
29. R. A. Dimenna and R. O. Buckius, Microgeometrical Contour Contributions to Surface Scattering, Thermal Sci. Eng., Vol. 2, pp. 166-171, 1994.
30. R. A. Dimenna and R. O. Buckius, Electromagnetic Theory Predictions of the Directional Scattering from Triangular Surfaces, J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 116, pp. 639-645, 1994.
31. Y. Yang and R. O. Buckius, Surface Length Scale Contributions to the Directional and Hemispherical Emissivity and Reflectivity, /. Thermophys. Heat Transfer, Vol. 9, pp. 653-659, 1995.
32. L. Tsang, C. H. Chan, K. Pak, H. Sangani, A. Ishimaru, and P. Phu, Monte Carlo Simulations of Large-Scale Composite Random Rough-Surface Scattering Based on the Banded-Matrix Iterative Approach, /. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 11, pp. 691-696, 1994.
33. R. Depine, Scattering of Light from One-Dimensional Random Rough Surfaces: A New Antispecular Effect in Oblique Incidences, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 10, pp. 920-927, 1993.
34. P. Tran and A. A. Maradudin, The Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves from a Randomly Rough 2D Metallic Surface, Opt. Comm., Vol. 110, pp. 269-273, 1994.
35. P. Tran, V. Celli, and A. A. Maradudin, Electromagnetic Scattering from a Two-Dimensional, Randomly Rough, Perfectly Conducting Surface: Iterative Methods, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 11, pp. 1686-1689, 1994.
36. L. Tsang, C. H. Chan, and K. Pak, Backscattering Enhancement of a Two-Dimensional Random Rough Surface (Three-Dimensional Scattering) Based on Monte Carlo Simulations, /. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 11, pp. 711-715, 1994.
37. K. Pak, L. Tsang, H. Chan, and J. Johnson, Backscattering Enhancement of Electromagnetic Waves from Two-Dimensional Perfectly Conducting Random Rough Surfaces Based on Monte Carlo Simulations, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 12, pp. 2491-2499, 1995.
38. M. F. Modest, Radiative Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993.
39. P. Beckmann and A. Spizzichino, The Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves from Rough Surfaces, Pergamon, Oxford, 1963.
40. R. A. Dimenna and R. O. Buckius, Quantifying Specular Approximations for Angular Scattering from Perfectly Conducting Random Rough Surfaces, J. Thermophys. Heat Transfer, Vol. 8, pp. 393-399, 1994.
41. E. Thorsos, The Validity of the Kirchhoff Approximation for Rough Surface Scattering using Gaussian Roughness Spectrum, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 83, pp. 78-92, 1988.
42. M. F. Chen and A. K. Fung, A Numerical Study of the Regions of Validity of the Kirchhoff and Small-Perturbation Rough Surface Scattering Models, Radio Sci., Vol. 23, pp. 163-170, 1988.
43. D. F. McCammon and S. T. McDaniel, Surface Reflection: On the Convergence of a Series Solution to a Modified Helmholtz Integral Equation and the Validity of the Kirchhoff Approximation, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 79, pp. 64-70, 1986.
44. R. L. Holford, Scattering of Sound Waves at a Periodic, Pressure-Release Surface: An Exact Solution, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 70, pp. 1116-1128, 1981.
45. E. G. Liszka and J. J. McCoy, Scattering at a Rough Boundary—Extensions of the Kirchhoff Approximation, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 71, pp. 1093-1100, 1982.
46. A. Wirgin, Reflection from a Corrugated Surface, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 68, pp. 692-699, 1980.
47. X. D. He, K. E. Torrance, F. X. Sillion, and D. P. Greenberg, A Comprehensive Physical Model for Light Reflection, Comp. Graph., Vol. 25, pp. 175-186, 1992.
48. B . G. Smith, Geometrical Shadowing of a Random Rough Surface, IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop., Vol. 15, pp. 668-671, 1967.
49. K. E. Torrance and E. M. Sparrow, Theory for Off-Specular Reflection from Roughened Surfaces, J. Opt. Soc. Am., Vol. 57, pp. 1105-1114, 1967.
50. M. Oren and S. K. Nayar, Generalization of Lambert's Reflectance Model, Comput. Graphics, Annual conference series, pp. 239-246, 1994.
51. A. M. Smith, P. R. Muller, W. Frost, and H. M. Hsia, Super- and Subspecular Maxima in the Angular Distribution of Polarized Radiation Reflected from Roughened Dielectric Surfaces, in Progress Astronautics and Aeronautics: Heat Transfer and Spacecraft Thermal Control (J. Lucas, Ed.), A I A A, New York, pp. 249-269, 1971.
52. P. Beckmann, Shadowing of Random Rough Surfaces, IEEE Trans Ant. Prop., Vol. Ap-13, pp. 384-388, 1965.
53. K. Tang, R. A. Dimenna, and R. O. Buckius, Regions of Validity of the Geometric Optics Approximation for Angular Scattering from Very Rough Surfaces, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 40, pp. 49-59, 1997.
54. K. Tang and R. O. Buckius, The Geometric Optics Approximation for Reflection from Two-Dimensional Random Rough Surfaces, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 41, pp. 2037-2047, 1998 .
55. P. R. Griffiths and J. A. de Haseth, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, John Wiley, New York, 1986.
56. E. L. Dereniak, T. W. Stuhlinger, and F. O. Bartell, Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function of Gold-plated Sandpaper, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 257, pp. 184-191, 1980.
57. F. J. J. Clarke, F. A. Garforth, and D. J. Parry, Goniophotometric and Polarization Properties of White Reflection Standard Materials, Lighting Res. Tech., Vol. 15, pp. 133-149, 1983.
58. C. B. Arnold and J. L. Beard, An E R I M Perspective on B R D F Measurement Technology, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 1165, pp. 112-135, 1989.
59. D. B. Nash, Mid-infrared Reflectance Spectra (2.3-22 u.m) of Sulfur, Gold, KBr, MgO, and Halon, Appi. Opt., Vol. 25, pp. 2427-2433, 1986.
60. T. V. Vorbuger, D. E. Gilsinn, F. E. Scire, M. J. McLay, C. H. W. Gianque, and E. C. Teague, Optical Measurement of the Roughness of Sinusoidal Surface, Wear, Vol. 109, pp. 15-27, 1986.
61. J. N. Ford, K. Tang, and R. O. Buckius, Fourier Transform Infrared System Measurements of the Bidirectional Reflectivity of Diffuse and Grooved Surfaces, J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 117, pp. 955-962, 1995.
62. D. W. Cohn, K. Tang, and R. O. Buckius, Comparison of Theory and Experiments for Reflection of Microcontoured Surfaces, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 40, pp. 3223-3235, 1997.
63. K. E. Torrance and E. M. Sparrow, Off-Specular Peaks in the Directional Distribution of Reflected Thermal Radiation, J. Heat Transfer, pp. 223-230, May 1966.
64. M. E. Knotts and K. A. O'Donnell, Measurements of Light Scattering by a Series of Conducting Surfaces with One-Dimensional Roughness, Opt. Soc. Am. A., Vol. 11, pp. 697-710, 1994.
65. T. F. Smith, R. L. Suiter, and K. Kanayama, Bi-directional Reflectance Measurements for One-Dimensional, Randomly Rough Surfaces, in Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics: Heat Transfer, Thermal Control, and Heat Pipes (W. Olstead, Ed.), A I A A, New York, pp. 189-208, 1980.
66. Z. H. Gu, R. S. Dummer, A. A. Maradudin, and A. McGurn, Experimental Study of the Opposition Effect in the Scattering of Light from a Randomly Rough Metals Surface, Appi. Opt., Vol. 28, pp. 537-543, 1989.
67. P. Phu, A. Ishimaru, and Y. Kuga, Controlled Millimeter-Wave Experiments and Numerical Simulations on the Enhanced Backscattering from One-Dimensional Very Rough Surface, Radio Sci., Vol. 28, pp. 533-548, 1993.
68. D. A. Haner and R. T. Menzies, Reflectance Characteristics of Reference Materials Used in Lidar Hard Target Calibration, Appi. Opt., Vol. 28, pp. 857-864, 1989.
69. K. A. O'Donnell and E. R. Méndez, Experimental Study of Scattering from Characterized Random Surfaces, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A., Vol. 4, pp. 1194-1205, 1987.
70. P. F. Gray, A Method of Forming Optical Diffusers of Simple Known Statistical Properties, Opt. Acta, Vol. 25, pp. 765-775, 1978.
71. J. F. Durana, Infrared Emission Studies of Thin Polymer Films, Polymer, Vol. 20, pp. 1206-1307, 1979.
72. C. M. Conroy, J. D. Guthrie, A. J. Sharkins, B. J. Sparr, R. A. Crocombe, and R. Curbelo, An Infrared Accessory for Studying the Emissivity of Aluminum Surfaces, Appi. Spectroscopy, Vol. 41, pp. 688-692, 1987.
73. M. A. Postlethwait, K. K. Sikka, and M. F. Modest, High-Temperature, Normal Spectral Emittance of Silicon Carbide Based Materials, A I A A Paper 93-2759, 1993.
74. R. J. Brown and B. G. Young, Spectral Emission Signatures of Ambient Temperature Objects, Appi. Opt., Vol. 14, pp. 2927-2934, 1975.
75. A. Tsuge, Y. Uwamino, and T. Ishizuka, Applications of Laser-Induced Thermal Emission Spectroscopy to Various Samples, Appi. Spectroscopy, Vol. 43, pp. 1145-1149, 1989.
76. 2 S, A I A A Paper 93-2760, 1993.
77. P. J. Hesketh, J. N. Zemel, and B. Gebhart, Polarized Spectral Emittance from Periodic Micromachined Surfaces. I. Doped Silicon: The Normal Direction and I I . Doped Silicon: Angular Variations, Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 37, pp. 10795-10813, 1988.
78. P. J. Hesketh, J. N. Zemel, and B. Gebhart, Measurements of the Spectral and Directional Emission from Microgrooved Silicon Surfaces, J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 110, pp. 680-686, 1988.
79. T. K. Wang and J. N. Zemel, Polarized Spectral Emittance from Periodic Micromachined Surfaces-Ill. Undoped Silicon: The Normal Direction in Shallow Lamellar Gratings, Infrared Phys., Vol. 32, pp. 477-188, 1991.
80. T. K. Wang and J. N. Zemel, Polarized Spectral Emittance from Periodic Micromachined Surfaces-IV. Undoped Silicon: The Normal Direction in Deep Lamellar Gratings, Appi. Opt., Vol. 31, pp. 732-736, 1992.
81. T. K. Wang and J. N. Zemel, Polarized Spectral Emittance from Periodic Micromachined Surfaces—V. Undoped Silicon: Angular Measurement in Shallow Lamellar Gratings, Appi. Opt., Vol. 32, pp. 2021-2027, 1993.
82. D. Kember, D. H. Chenery, N. Sheppard, and J. Fell, Fourier-Transform I.R. Emission Studies of Weakly Emitting Overlayers on Metal Surfaces; Experimental and Spectral-Ratioing Procedures and the Comparative Use of Room Temperature Tiglycine Sulphate and Low-Temperature Mercury Cadmium Telluride Detectors, Spectrochimica Acta, Vol. 35A, pp. 455-159, 1979.
83. Y. Nagasawa and A. Ishitani, Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Emission Spectrometry to Surface Analysis, Appi. Spectroscopy, Vol. 38, pp. 168-173, 1984.
84. M. V. Klein and T. E. Furtak, Optics, John Wiley, New York, pp. 253-328, 1993.
85. R. M. Axline and A. K. Fung, Numerical Computation of Scattering from Perfectly Conducting Random Surfaces, IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop., AP-26, pp. 482-88, 1978.
86. H. L. Chan and A. K. Fung, A Numerical Study of the Kirchhoff Approximation in Horizontally Polarized Backscattering from a Random Surface, Radio Sci., Vol. 13, pp. 881-818, 1978.
87. A. K. Fung and M. K. Chen, Numerical Simulation of Scattering from Simple and Composite Random Surfaces, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 2, pp. 2274-2284, 1985.
88. J. Johnson, L. Tsang, R. T. Shin, K. Pak, C. H. Chan, A. Ishimaru, and Y. Kuga, Backscattering Enhancement of Electromagnetic Waves from Two-Dimensional Perfectly Conducting Random Rough Surfaces: A Comparison of Monte Carlo Simulations with Experimental Data, IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop., Vol. 44, pp. 748-755, 1996.