Non-Mandatory Rules in European Contract Law

European Review of Contract Law

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 44-86

  Hesselink, Martijn W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85158829053     PISSN: 16149920     EISSN: 16149939     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/ercl.2005.1.1.44     Document Type: Article

References (81)

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5. See eg P. Bourdieu, Les structures sociales de l'économie (Paris: Seuil, 2000).
6. T. Rakoff, 'The Implied Terms of Contracts: Of 'Default Rules' and 'Situation-Sense', in J. Beatson and D. Friedmann (eds), Good Faith and Fault in Contract Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995) 191-228, 200: 'judges are deciding on the default rules applicable, not to abstract bargaining games, but to real life situations'.
7. For a recent example see R. van Bijnen, 'Aanvullend contractenrecht; Naar rechtsregels die de belangen van partijen optimaal verwezenlijken' (2004) Nederlands Juristenblad 2080-2087, 2084.
8. Compare the Convention on the International Sale of Goods (Vienna, 1980).
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12. See, generally, R. Dworkin, 'Is Wealth A Value?' (1980) 9 Journal of Legal Studies 191, 194-201
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22. The locus classicus is Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan [1651] (London: Penguin Books, 1985) 208: 'The value of all things contracted for, is measured by the appetite of the Contractors: and therefore the just value, is that which they be contented to give.'
23. See eg J. M. Smits, Het vertrouwensbeginsel en de contractuele gebondenheid (Arnhem: Gouda Quint, 1995), 233ff;
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25. M.W. Hesselink, 'Fair Prices in the Common Market; On Commutative and Distributive Justice in European Contract Law', in G. Alpa and R. Danovi (eds), Diritto privato europeo; Fonti ed effetti; Materiali del Seminario dell' 8-9 novembre 2002 (Milan: Giuffrè editore, 2004) 245-254.
26. Contrast T. Hartlief, 'Iustum pretium: op weg naar een rechterlijke toetsing van de rechtvaardigheid van het contractuele evenwicht?', in T. Hartlief and C. J. J. M. Stolker (eds), Contractsvrijheid (Deventer: Kluwer, 1999) 239-253.
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32. nd ed. (New York etc: Simon & Schuster, 1985) 676: 'They took fields of living law, scalded their flesh, drained off their blood, and reduced them to bones. The bones were arrangements of principles and rules (the black-letter law), followed by a somewhat barren commentary. The restatements were, basically, virginally clean of any notion that rules had social and economic consequences.'
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35. th ed (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2002) 107;
36. th ed (Paris: Litec, 2002) 47;
37. rd ed (Paris: Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1990) 315.
38. th ed (Munich: Beck, 1987) 77.
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40. th ed (Munich: Beck, 1997) § 3, 109-120.
41. See E. Ehrlich, Das zwingende und nichtzwingende Recht im Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch für das Deutsche Recht (Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1899).
42. th ed (Munich: Beck, 2003) 87-88.
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50. th ed (Deventer: Tjeenk Willink, 2001) 246;
51. th ed (Arnhem: Gouda Quint, 1995) 6;
52. nd ed (The Hague: Boom Juridische Uitgevers, 2004) 404.
53. th ed (Deventer: Kluwer, 2000) 63.
54. H.J. Snijders, 'Maten van dwingend recht', in Hartlief and Stolker, n 29 above, 153-167.
55. See generally H. Kötz, European Contract Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997) Vol I, 116.
56. The first results of the project include R. Zimmermann and S. Whittaker (eds), Good Faith in European Contract Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
57. M. Bussani and U. Mattei, 'The Common Core Approach to European Private Law' (1997/1998) 3 The Columbia Journal of European Law 339.
58. H. Beale and O. Lando (eds), Principles of European Contract Law, Parts I and II, Prepared by The Commission on European Contract Law (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000) xxv.
59. rd ed (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998) 40.
60. See P. Legrand, Que sais-je? Le droit comparé (Paris: PUF, 1999) 36-38.
61. Cf eg D. Tallon, 'Le concept de bonne foi en droit français du contrat', Saggi, conferenze e seminari, no 15 (Rome 1994) 4.
62. See M. W. Hesselink, The New European Legal Culture (Deventer: Kluwer, 2001) 11.
63. See further on this procedure M. W. Hesselink, 'The Politics of a European Civil Code' (2004) European Law Journal 675-697.
64. R. Zimmermann, Roman Law, Contemporary Law, European Law; The Civilian Tradition Today (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
65. C.J.H. Jansen, 'Een Europees Wetboek van Contractenrecht en de rechtsgeschiedenis' (2004) 6593 Weekblad voor Privaatrecht, Notariaat en Registratie 783-788, 787.
66. See eg P. Caroni, 'Der Schiffbruch der Geschichtlichkeit; Anmerkungen zum Neo-Pandektismus' (1994) Zeitschrift für Neuere Rechtsgeschichte 85-100.
67. M. W. Hesselink, Contractenrecht in Perspectief (The Hague: Boom Juridische Uitgevers, 2004), ch 7.
68. S. Grundmann & W. Kerber, 'European System of Contract Laws - a Map for Combining the Advantages of Centralised and Decentralised Rule-making', in: S. Grundmann & J. Stuyck (eds), An Academic Green Paper on European Contract Law (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2002), 295-342.
69. C. Hultmark, 'Obligations, Contracts and Sales', in M. Bogdan (ed), Swedish Law in the New Millennium (Stockholm: Norstedts Juridik, 2000) 278.
70. See especially P. Stein, 'Common Law and Civil Law in historical perspective' (1997) Zeitschrift für Europäisches Privatrecht 385 ff.
71. th ed (Rome-Bari: Laterza, 2001) 153.
72. Compare M. Foucault, Les mots et les choses (Paris: Gallimard, 1966);
73. J. Derrida, Force de loi (Paris: Galilée, 1994).
74. See S. Weatherill, 'Why Object to the Harmonization of Private Law by the EC' (2004) 12 European Review of Private Law 645.
75. J. W. Rutgers, 'The Rule of Reason and Private Law or the Limits to Harmonization', in: J.H. Jans, A.A.M. Schrauwen (eds.), The Rule of Reason, Groningen: Europa Law Publishers, 2005 (forthcoming).
76. U. Mattei, 'Hard Code Now!' (2002) Vol 2: No 1, Article 1 Global Jurist Frontiers.
77. See also U. Mattei, 'Efficiency and Equal Protection In The New European Contract Law: Mandatory, Default and Enforcement Rules' (1999) 39 Virginia Journal of International Law 537, 542.
78. Contrast M. A. Loth, Dwingend en aanvullend recht, Monografieën Nieuw BW, A 19 (Deventer: Kluwer 2000) who maintains that both mandatory and non-mandatory rules ultimately only serve party autonomy.
79. O. W. Holmes Jr., 'The Path of the Law' (1897) 10 Harvard Law Review 457.
80. M. W. Hesselink, 'The European Commission's Action Plan: Towards a More Coherent European Contract Law?' (2004) European Review of Private Law 397-419.
81. H. Collins, 'The “Common Frame of Reference” for EC Contract Law: a Common Lawyer's Perspective', in M. Meli and M. R. Maugeri (eds), L'armonizzazione del diritto privato europeo (Milan: Giuffrè, 2004) 107-124: 'Let's just call it a Code'.