Legitimacy through "Higher Law"? Why Constitutionalizing the WTO Is a Step Too Far

The Role of the Judge in International Trade Regulation: Experience and Lessons for the WTO

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 307-348

  Howse, Robert ^a   Nicolaidis, Kalypso ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LAW SCHOOL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85144126323     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (59)

1. Thomas Cottier, Limits to International Trade: The Constitutional Challenge, in: The American Society of International Law, Proceedings of the 94th Annual Meeting, April 5-8, 2000, Washington, DC, Washington, DC 2000, pp. 200-22.
2. G. R. Shell, "Trade Legalism and International Relations Theory: An Analysis of the World Trade Organization", 44 Duke Law Journal, pp. 829-927.
3. D. Tarullo, "The Relationship of WTO Obligations to Other International Arrangements", in M. Bronckers and R. Quick, eds., New Directions in International Economic Law (Kluwer Law International: The Hague, 2000), pp. 155-56.
4. J. Ruggie, "International Regimes, Transactions, and Change: Embedded Liberalism in the Postwar Economic Order", 36 International Organization (1982), p. 379.
5. D. Cass, The "Constitutionalization" of International Trade Law: Judicial Norm-Generation as the Engine of Constitutional Development in International Trade, [2 European Journal of International Law (2001), p. 39.
6. D. Palmeter, "The WTO as a Legal System", 24 Fordham International Law Journal (2000), p. 444.
7. Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann, Trade Policy as a Constitutional Problem: On the Domestic Policy Functions oflntemational Rules, 41 Aussenwirtschaft, pp. 405-39.
8. Robert Keohane, After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the Modern World Economy (Princeton University Press, 1984).
9. Kenneth Oye, ed., Cooperation Under Anarchy (Princeton University Press, 1985).
10. Robert Axelrod, The Evolution of Cooperation (Basic Books, 1980).
11. A.-M. Slaughter, "Regulating the World: Multilateralism, Internationalism and the Projection of the New Deal Regulatory State", in Robert Howse, ed., The World Trading System: Critical Perspectives on the World Economy (Routledge, 1998).
12. Stephen Krasner, "State Power and the Structure of International Trade", 28 World Politics (1976).
13. M.J. Trebilcock, M.A. Chandler, and R. Howse, Trade and Transitions: A Comparative Analysis of Industrial Policies (Routledge, 1990).
14. J.G. Ruggie, "International Regimes, Transactions and Change: Embedded Liberalism and the Post-War Economic Regimes", 36 International Organization (1982).
15. Jagdish Bhagwati, Protectionism (Cambridge University Press, 1988).
16. M.J. Trebilcock, M.A. Chandler, and R. Howse, Trade and Transitions: A Comparative Analysis of Industrial Policies (Routledge, 1990).
17. Daniel Tarullo, "Beyond Normalcy in the Regulation of International Trade", 100 Harvard Law Review (1987), pp. 546ff.
18. Alan Sykes, Product Standards for Internationally Integrated Goods Markets (Brookings, 1995)
19. Kalypso Nicolardis, "Mutual Recognition of Regulatory Regimes: Some Lessons and Prospects", Regulatory Reform and International Market Openness (OECD Publications, 1996).
20. William Drake and Kalypso Nicolardis, Ideas, Interests and Institutionalization: "Trade in Services" and the Uruguay Round, 46 International Organization, no. 1 (Winter 1992), 17-100.
21. Alan Sykes, "Regulatory Protectionism", 66 University of Chicago Law Review (1999).
22. Alan Deardorff, "Should Patent Protection be Extended to all Developing Countries?", 13 World Economy (1990), pp. 497 ff.
23. Steven Vogel, Freer Markets, More Rules (Cornell University Press, 1996).
24. Kalypso Nicolardis and Joel P. Trachtman, "From Policed Regulation to Managed Recognition: Mapping the Boundary in GATS", in Pierre Sauve and Robert Stem, eds., Services 2000: New Directions in Services Trade Liberalization (Brookings Press, 2000).
25. Kalypso Nicolardis, "Non-Discriminatory Mutual Recognition: An Oxymoron in the New WTO Lexicon?", in T. Cottier, P. Mavroidis, P. Blatter, eds., Regulatory Barriers and the Principle of Non-Discrimination of World Trade Law: Past, Present and Future (Michigan University Press, 2000).
26. Jagdish Bhagwati and Robert Hudec, Fair Trade and Harmonization (MIT Press, 1996).
27. E.-U. Petersmann, From "Negative" to "Positive Integration" in the WTO: Time For "Mainstreaming Human Rights" into WTO Law?, Common Market Law Review, Vol. 37 (2000), No. 6, p. 1377.
28. J. Dunoff, "The Death of the Trade Regime", 10 European Journal of International Law (1999), pp. 733-62.
29. Hedley Bull, "Society and Anarchy in International Relations", in Butterfield and Wight, eds, Diplomatic Investigations (1966).
30. M. Wight, "An Anatomy of International Thought", Review of International Studies (1987).
31. A Hurrell, "Kant and the Kantian paradigm in international relations", Review of International Studies 16 (1990), pp. 183-05.
32. H. Reiss, Kant's Political Writings (Cambridge University Press, 1970).
33. J. Elster, Ulysses Unbound (Cambridge University Press, 2000), p. ix.
34. E. Benvenisti, "Exit and Voice in the Age of Globalization," Michigan Law Review (2000).
35. Marco Bronckers, "Better rules for a new Millennium: A warning against undemocratic developments in the WTO", Journal of International Economic Law (1999).
36. J.H.H. Weiler, "The Transformation of Europe", Yale Law Journal Vol. 100 (1991), No. 8, p. 2407.
37. John H. Jackson, Restructuring the GAIT System (RIIA, 1990).
38. A. Stone Sweet, Governing with Judges: Constitutional Politics in Europe (Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 189.
39. Kalypso Nicolaidis, "Mutual Recognition of Regulatory Regimes: Some Lessons and Prospects", Regulatory Reform and International Market Openness (OECD Publications, 1996).
40. Kalypso Nicolaidis, "Mutual Recognition of Regulatory Regimes: Some Lessons and Prospects," Regulatory Reform and International Market Openness (OECD Publications, 1996).
41. Kalypso Nicolaidis, "Non-Discriminatory Mutual Recognition: An Oxymoron in the New WTO Lexicon?", in T. Cottier, P. Mavroidis, P. Blatter, eds., Regulatory Barriers and the Principle of Non-Discrimination of World Trade Law: Past, Present and Future (Michigan University Press, 2000).
42. Kalypso Nicolaidis, "Regulatory Cooperation and Managed Mutual Recognition: Developing a Strategic Model", in George Bermann et al., eds, Transatlantic Regulatory Cooperation: Legal Problems and Political Prospects (Oxford University Press, 2001).
43. J.H.H. Weiler, The Constitution of Europe: "Do the New Clothes Have an Emperor?" and Other Essays on European Integration (Cambridge University Press 1999), p. 298.
44. J. Pinder, "The European Community, the Rule of Law and Representative Government: The Significance of the Intergovernmental Conferences", Government and Opposition (1991), p. 204.
45. Kalypso Nicolaidis and Robert Howse, eds. The Federal Vision: Legitimacy and Levels of Governance in the United States and the European Union (Oxford University Press, 2001).
46. E. Stein, "Panel Statement on Democracy without a "People," European Studies Association Meeting, Pittsburgh, June 1999, p. 10.
47. F. Scharpf, Governing in Europe: Effective and Democratic? (Oxford University Press, 1999).
48. J.H.H. Weiler, EU, WTO and NAFTA: Towards a Common Law of Economic Integration? (Oxford University Press, 2000).
49. Alexandre Kojeve Frost and Howse, trs., Outline for a Phenomenology of Right (Rowan and Littlefield, 2000).
50. Robert Howse, "Adjudicative Legitimacy and Treaty Interpretation in International Trade Law: The Early Years of WTO Jurisprudence", in J.H.H. Weiler, EU, WTO and NAFTA: Towards a Common Law of Economic Integration? (Oxford University Press, 2000).
51. M. Bronckers, "Better rules for a new Millennium: A warning against undemocratic developments in the WTO", Journal of International Economic Law (1999).
52. Kalypso Nicolardis and Joel P. Trachtman, "From Policed Regulation to Managed Recognition: Mapping the Boundary in GATS", in Pierre Sauve and Robert Stem, eds., Services 2000: New Directions in Services Trade Liberalization (Brookings Press, 2000).
53. Cass Sunstein, After the Rights Revolution: Reconceiving the Regulatory State (Harvard University Press, 1990), p. 114.
54. John G. Ruggie, "Territoriality and Beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations", 46 International Organization (1993).
55. Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye, in Roger Porter, Pierre Sauve, Arvind Subramanian and Americo Zampetti, eds, Equity, Efficiency and Legitimacy: The Multilateral System at the Millennium, Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2001
56. Kalypso Nicolaidis, Mutual Recognition of Regulatory Regimes: Some Lessons and Prospects, Regulatory Reform and International Market Openness (OECD Publications, 1996).
57. Kalypso Nicolaidis and Joel P. Trachtman, "From Policed Regulation to Managed Recognition: Mapping the Boundary in GATT", in Pierre Sauve and Robert Stern, eds., Services 2000: New Directions in Services Trade Liberalization (Brookings Press, 2000).
58. Dani Rodrik, Has Globalization Gone Too Far? (Institute for International Economics, 1997)
59. F. Scharpf, Governing in Europe: Effective and Democratic? (Oxford University Press, 1999).