Germplasm and cultivar development

Cool-Season Forage Grasses

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 413-469

  Casler, M D ^a   Pedersen, J F ^b   Eizenga, G C ^c   Stratton, S D ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

^c U S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE   (United States)

^d FFR Cooperative   (United States)

Author keywords

Biological organisms; Cool season forage grasses; Cultivar development; Genetic interactions; Germplasm; Natural ecosystems; Natural selection; Physical environment

Indexed keywords

EID: 85140943952     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.2134/agronmonogr34.c14     Document Type: Chapter

References (401)

1. Acharya, S.N., B.A. Darroch, R. Hermesh, and J. Woosaree. 1992. Salt stress tolerance in native Alberta populations of slender wheatgrass and alpine bluegrass. Can. J. Plant Sci. 72: 785-792.
2. Ahloowalia, B.S. 1976. Chromosal changes in parasexually produced ryegrass, p. 115-122. In K. Jones and P.D. Brandham (ed.) Current chromosome research. Elsevier North Holland Biomed.Press, Amsterdam.
3. Ahmad, I., S.J. Wainwright, and G.R. Stewart. 1981. The solute and water relations of Agrostis stolonifera ecotypes differing in their salt tolerance. New Phytol. 87: 615-629.
4. Al-Hiyaly, S.A.K., T. McNeilly, A.D. Bradshaw, and A.M. Mortimer. 1993. The effect of zinc contamination from electricity pylons. Genetic constraints on selection for zinc tolerance. Heredity 70: 22-32.
5. Antonovics, J. 1975. Metal tolerance in plants: Perfecting an evolutionary paradigm, p. 169-186. In T.C. Hutchinson et al. (ed.) Int. Conf. Heavy Metals Environ. Vol 2, Toronto, Canada. 27-31 October. Inst. Environ. Studies, Toronto.
6. Antonovics, J., A.D. Bradshaw, and R.G. Turner. 1971. Heavy metal tolerance in plants. Adv. Ecol. Res. 7: 1-85.
7. Allard, R.W. 1960. Principles of plant breeding. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, London, Sydney.
8. Anderson, B., J.K. Ward, K.P. Vogel, H.J. Gorz, and F.A. Haskins. 1988. Forage quality and performance of yearlings grazing switchgrass strains selected for differing digestibility. J. Anim. Sci. 66: 2239-2244.
9. Arnold, B.L., C.E. Watson, Jr., andN.C. Edwards, Jr. 1981. Registration of Marshall annual ryegrass. Crop Sci. 21: 474-475.
10. Arnold, G.W. 1981. Grazing behaviour, p. 79-104. In F.H.W. Morley (ed.) World animal science, B1. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
11. Arnold, G.W. 1987. Grazing behaviour, p. 129-136. In R.W. Snaydon (ed.) Ecosystems of the world, 17B. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
12. Asano, Y., and K. Sugiura. 1990. Plant regeneration from suspension culture-derived protoplasts of Asrostis alba L. (Redtop). Plant Sci. 72: 267-273.
13. Asay, K.H. 1992. Breeding potentials in’perennial Triticeae grasses. Hereditas 116: 167-173.
14. Asay, K.H., D.R. Dewey, F.B. Gomm, D.A. Johnson, and J.R. Carlson. 1985. Registration of ‘Hycrest’ crested wheatgrass (Re. No. 16). Crop Sci. 25: 368-369.
15. Asay, K.H., D.R. Dewey, W.H. Horton, K.B. Jensen, P.O. Currie, N.J. Chatterton, W.T. Hansen II, and J.R. Carlson. 1991. Registration of’HewHy’ RS wheatgrass. Crop Sci. 31: 1384-1385.
16. Asay, K.H., and K.B. Jensen. 1996a. Wheatgrasses. p. 691-724. In L.E. Moser et al. (ed.) Cool-season forage grasses. Agron. Monogr. 34. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
17. Asay, K.H., and K.B. Jensen. 1996b. Wildryes. p. 725-748. In L.E. Moser et al. (ed.) Cool-season forage grasses. Agron. Monogr. 34. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
18. Asay, K.H., and D.A. Johnson. 1980. Screening for improved stand establishment in Russian wild ryegrass. Can. J. Plant Sci. 60: 1171-1177.
19. Ashraf, M., T. McNeilly, and A.D. Bradshaw. 1986a. The potential for evolution of salt (NaCl) tolerance in seven grass species. New Phytol. 103: 299-309.
20. Ashraf, M., T. McNeilly, and A.D. Bradshaw. 1986b. The response of selected salt-tolerant and normal lines of four grass species to NaCl in sand culture. New Phytol. 104: 453-461.
21. Aung, T. 1991. Intergeneric hybrids between Hordeum vulgare and Elymus trachycaulus resistant to Russian wheat aphid. Genome 34: 954-960.
22. Ayazloo, M., S.G. Garsed, and J.N.B. Bell. 1982. Studies on the tolerance to sulphur dioxide of grass populations in polluted areas. II. Morphological and physiological investigations. New Phytol. 90: 109-126.
23. Badoux, S. 1979. Relations between climatic conditions and growth of alpine fodder plant ecotypes. p. 51-56. In S. Ceccarelli (ed.) Breeding for stress conditions. Proc. Eur. Assoc. Res. Plant Breed. (EUCARPIA) 4-6 September. 1st. Allevament. Veg., Perugia, Italy.
24. Baker, A.J.M., C.J. Grant, M.H. Martin, S.C. Shaw, and J. Whitebrook. 1986. Induction and loss of cadmium tolerance in Holcus lanatus L. and other grasses. New Phytol. 102: 575-587.
25. Ballerstedt, P. J., W.C. Young, III, D. Floyd, and T. Silberstein. 1990. Evaluation of the forage and seed production potential of rescuegrass (prairie grass) in western Oregon, p. 185. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
26. Barker, R.E., M.D. Casler, I.T. Carlson, D.A. Sleper, C.C. Berg, and W.C. Young III. 1993. Convergent-divergent selection for seed yield and forage traits in orchardgrass. II. Seed yield response in Oregon, p. 81. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
27. Barker, R.E., and R.R. Kalton. 1989. Cool-season forage grass breeding: Progress, potentials, and benefits, p. 5-20. In D.A. Sleper et al. (ed.) Contributions from breeding forage and turf grasses. CSSA Spec. Publ. 15. ASA, Madison, WI.
28. Beddows, A.R. 1953. The ryegrasses in British agriculture: A survey. Welsh PI. Breed. Stn. Bull. Ser. H, no. 17. Welsh Plant Breed. Stn., Aberystwyth, Ltd.
29. Beddows, A.R. 1968. A history of the introduction of timothy and cocksfoot into alternate husbandry in Britain. 1. The year 1763 and its significance. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 23: 317-321.
30. Beddows, A.R. 1969a. A history of the introduction of timothy and cocksfoot into alternate husbandry in Britain. 2. The impact of timothy on ley farming. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 24: 40-44.
31. Beddows, A.R. 1969b. A history of the introduction of timothy and cocksfoot into alternate husbandry in Britain. 3. The impact of cocksfoot on ley farming. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 24: 163-167.
32. Bell, J.N.B., M. Ayazloo, and G.B. Wilson. 1982. Selection for sulphur dioxide tolerance in grass populations in polluted areas, p. 171-180. In R. Bornkamm et al. (ed.) Urban ecology, Berlin, Germany. 6-12 Sept. 1980. Blackwell Sci. Publ., Oxford, England.
33. Berdahl J D., and R.E. Barker. 1984. Selection for improved seedling vigor in Russian wild ryegrass. Can. J. Plant Sci. 64: 131-138.
34. Berg, C.C, M.D. Casler, I.T. Carlson, and D.A. Sleper. 1993. Convergent-divergent selection for seed yield and forage traits in orchardgrass. III. Forage trait response, p. 82. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
35. Berg, C.C, R.R. Hill Jr., R.C Buckner, and R.F Barnes. 1979. Forage production and quality of synthetics derived from Lolium × Festuca hybrids. Crop Sci. 19: 89-93.
36. Berg, C.C, A.R. McElroy, and H.T. Kunelius. 1996. Timothy, p. 643-664. In L.E. Moser et al. (ed.) Cool-season forage grasses. Agron. Monogr. 34. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
37. Berg, C.C, R.T. Sherwood, and K.E. Zeiders. 1986. Recurrent phenotypic selection for resistance to brown leaf spot in smooth bromegrass. Crop Sci. 26: 533-536.
38. Berg, C.C, G.M. Wood, A.W. Hovin, and CM. Rincker. 1981. Floral induction and forage yield and quality of sparse-flowering orchardgrass synthetics. Crop Sci. 21: 677-680.
39. Boe, A., and R.H. Delaney. 1996. Creeping and meadow foxtail, p. 749-763. In L.E. Moser et al. (ed.) Cool-season forage grasses. Agron. Monogr. 34. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
40. Boppenmeier, J., S. Zuchner, and B. Foroughi-Wehr. 1989. Haploid production from barley yellow dwarf virus resistant clones of Lolium. Plant Breed. 103: 216-220.
41. Bradshaw, A.D. 1974. The evolutionary lessons of metal tolerance. Heredity 33: 450.
42. Bradshaw, AD. 1976. Pollution and evolution, p. 135-159. In T.A. Mansfield (ed.) Effects of air pollutants on plants. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA.
43. Braverman, S.W. 1986. Disease resistance in cool-season forage range and turf grasses II. Bot. Rev. 52: 1-112.
44. Breese, E.L. 1983. Exploitation of the genetic resources through breeding: Lolium species, p. 275-288. In J.G. Mclvor and R.A. Bray (ed.) Genetic resources of forage plants. CSIRO, East Melbourne, Australia.
45. Breese, E.L., and W.E. Davies. 1970. Selection for factors affecting nutritive value, p. 33-37. In Ann. Rep. Welsh Plant Breed. Stn. for 1969. Aberystwyth, Wales.
46. Breese, E.L., and C.A. Foster. 1971. Breeding for increased winter hardiness in perennial ryegrass. p. 77-86. In Welsh Plant Breed. Stn. Ann. Rep. for 1970. Welsh Plant Breed. Stn., Aberystwyth, Wales.
47. Breese, E.L., and M.D. Hayward. 1972. The genetic basis of present breeding methods in forage crops. Euphytica 21: 324-336.
48. Breese, E.L., and B.F. Tyler. 1986. Patterns of variation and the underlying genetic and cytologi-cal architecture in grasses with particular reference to Lolium p. 53-69. In B.T. Styles (ed.) Infraspecific classification of wild and cultivated plants. Clarendon Press, Oxford, England.
49. Brougham, R.W., A.C Glenday, and S.O. Fejer. 1960. The effects of frequency and intensify of grazing on the genotypic structure of a ryegrass population. N.Z. J. Agric. Res. 3: 442-453.
50. Brougham, R.W., and W. Harris. 1967. Rapidity and extent of changes in genotypic structure induced by grazing in a ryegrass population. N.Z. J. Agric. Res. 10: 56-65.
51. Bruckner, P.L., P.L. Raymer, and G.W. Burton. 1991. Recurrent phenotypic selection for forage yield in rye. Euphytica 54: 11-17.
52. Buckner, R.C. 1962. CLAIR. Crop Sci. 2: 355.
53. Buckner, R.C, J.A. Boling, P.B. Burrus, II, L.P. Bush, and R.A. Hemken. 1983. Registration of Johnstone tall fescue. Crop Sci. 23: 399-400.
54. Buckner, R.C, P.B. Burrus, II, and L.P. Bush. 1977. Registration of Kenhy tall fescue. Crop Sci. 17: 672-673.
55. Buckner, R.C, L.P. Bush, and P.B. Burrus, II. 1979. Succulence as a selection criterion for improved forage quality in Lolium-Festuca hybrids. Crop Sci. 19: 93-96.
56. Burner, D.M., J.A. Balasko, and P.M. O’Brien. 1988. Attributes of tall fescue germplasm of diverse geographic origin. Crop Sci. 28: 459-462.
57. Burton, G.W. 1974. Recurrent restricted phenotypic selection increases forage yields of pensacola bahiagrass. Crop Sci. 14: 831-834.
58. Burton, G.W., and W.G. Monson. 1988. Registration of’Tifton 78' bermudagrass. Crop Sci. 28: 187-188.
59. Buxton, D.R., and M.D. Casler. 1993. Environmental and genetic effects on cell wall composition and degradability. p. 685-714. In H.G. Jung et al. (ed.) Forage cell wall structure and digestibility. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
60. Buxton, D.R., J.S. Hornstein, and G.C Marten. 1987. Genetic variation for forage quality of alfalfa stems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 67: 1057-1067.
61. Byers, R.A., and R.T. Sherwood. 1979. Differential reaction of clones of Phalaris arundinacea to Oscinella frit. Environ. Entomol. 8: 408-411.
62. Carlson, I.T. 1985. Breeding for increased forage yield in reed canarygrass. p. 282-283. In Proc. 15th Int. Grassl. Conf., Kyoto, Japan. 24-31 August. Jpn. Soc. Grassl. Sci., Nishi-nasuno, Tochigi-ken, Japan.
63. Carlson, I.T. 1990. Direct and indirect selection for forage yield in reed canarygrass. p. 83-84. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
64. Carlson, I.T., D.K. Christensen, and R.B. Pearce. 1983. Selection for specific leaf weight in reed canarygrass and its effects on the plant, p. 207-209. In J.A. Smith and V.W. Hays (ed.) Proc. 14th Int. Grassl. Congr., Lexington, KY. 15-24 June 1981. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
65. Carlson, I.T., R.N. Oram, and J. Suprenant. 1995. Reed canarygrass and other Phalaris species, p. 569-604. In L.E. Moser et al. (ed.) Cool-season forage grasses. Agron. Monogr. 34. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
66. Carpenter, J.A., and M.D. Casler. 1990. Divergent phenotypic selection response in smooth bromegrass for forage yield and nutritive value. Crop Sci. 30: 17-22.
67. Casler, M.D. 1988. Performance of orchardgrass, smooth bromegrass, and ryegrass in binary mixtures with alfalfa. Agron. J. 80: 509-514.
68. Casler, M.D. 1990. Cultivar and cultivar × environment effects on relative feed value of temperate perennial grasses. Crop Sci. 30: 722-728.
69. Casler, M.D. 1991. Genetic variation and covariation in a population of tetraploid Dactylis L. accessions. Theor. Appl. Genet. 81: 253-264.
70. Casler, M.D., and P.N. Drolsom. 1992. Registration of ‘Badger’ smooth bromegrass. Crop Sci. 32: 1073-1074.
71. Casler, M.D., J.A. Carpenter, and J.R. Attewell. 1989. Selection strategies for developing smooth bromegrass cell wall ideotypes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 70: 775-782.
72. Casler, M.D., and N.J. Ehlke. 1986. Forage yield and yield component changes with divergent selection for in vitro dry matter digestibility of smooth bromegrass. Crop Sci. 26: 478-481.
73. Casler, M.D., and A.W. Hovin. 1985. Predicting forage yield from morphological traits in reed canarygrass. Crop Sci. 25: 783-787.
74. Casler, M.D., D.A. Sleper, I.T. Carlson, C.C. Berg, and R.E. Barker. 1993. Convergent-divergent selection for seed yield and forage traits in orchardgrass. I. Direct selection responses, p. 84. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
75. Casler, M.D., and R.P. Walgenbach. 1990. Ground cover potential of forage grass cultivars mixed with alfalfa at divergent locations. Crop Sci. 30: 825-831.
76. Catherall, P.L. 1987. Selection of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) with resistances to cocksfoot mottle virus. Tests Agrochem. Cult. 8: 144-145.
77. Ceccarelli, S., M. Falcinelli, and F. Damiani. 1980. Selection for dry matter yield in Loliumperenne L. I. Direct response to selection. Can. J. Plant Sci. 60: 491-500.
78. Ceccarelli, S., M. Falcinelli, and F. Damiani. 1981. Selection for seed yield in Lolium perenne L. Genet. Agrar. 35: 131-146.
79. Ceccarelli, S., E. Falistocco, and P.G. Cionini. 1992. Variation of genome size and organization within hexaploid Festuca arundinacea. Theor. Appl. Genet. 83: 273-278.
80. Chamberlain, J.A., and P.E. Evans. 1979. Relationship between depth of leaf ridging and numbers of a possible mite vector, p. 197-198. In Welsh Plant Breed. Stn. Ann. Rep. for 1978. Welsh plant breed. Stn., Aberystwyth, Wales.
81. Charles, A.H. 1961. Differential survival of cultivars of Lolium, Dactylis, and Phleum. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 16: 69-75.
82. Charles, A.H. 1964. Differential survival of plant types in swards. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 19: 198-204.
83. Charles, A.H. 1972. Ryegrass populations from intensively managed leys. III. Reaction to management, nitrogen application and Poa trivialis L. in field trials. J. Agric. Sci. 79: 205-215.
84. Christie, B.R., and D.N. Mowat. 1968. Variability of in vitro digestibility among clones of bromegrass and orchardgrass. Can. J. Plant Sci. 48: 67-73.
85. Churchill, B.R. 1947. Productiveness of bromegrass strains from different regions when grown in pure stands and in mixture with alfalfa in Michigan. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 39: 750-761.
86. Clay, K. 1990. Fungal endophytes of grasses. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 21: 275-297.
87. Clements, R.J. 1969. Selection for crude protein content in Phalaris tuberosa L. I. Response to selection and preliminary studies on correlated response. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 20: 643-652.
88. Coleman, S.W., T.D.A. Forbes, and J.W. Stuth. 1989. Measurements of the plant-animal interface in grazing research, p. 37-51. In G.C. Marten (ed.) Grazing research: Design, methodology, and analysis. CSSA Spec. Publ. 16. CSSA, Madison, WI.
89. Collins, M., and P.N. Drolsom. 1982. Composition and digestibility of smooth bromegrass clones selected for high and low IVDMD. Agron. J. 74: 287-290.
90. Conger, B.V. 1991. Applications of cell and tissue culture to forage grass breeding, p. 67-78. In D.A. Sleper (ed.) Proc. 31st Grass Breeders Work Planning Conf., Columbia, MO. 5-6 August. Grass Breed. Work Planning Conf, Mandan, ND.
91. Conger, B.V., and R.E. McDonnell. 1983. Plantlet formation from cultured inflorescences of Dactylis glomerata L. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 2: 191-197.
92. Cook, S.C.A., C. LefiSbvre, and T. McNeilly. 1972. Competition between metal tolerant and normal plant populations on normal soil. Evolution 26: 366-372.
93. Cooper, J.P. 1959. Selection and population structure in Lolium. III. Selection for date of ear emergence. Heredity 13: 461-479.
94. Cooper, J.P. 1960. Selection and population structure in Lolium. IV. Correlated response to selection. Heredity 14: 229-246.
95. Cornish, M.A., M.D. Hayward, and M.J. Lawrence. 1980. Self-incompatibility in ryegrass. III. The joint segregation of S and PGI-2 in Lolium perenne L. Heredity 44: 55-62.
96. Coulaud, J., and T. McNeilly. 1992. Zinc tolerance in populations of Deschampsia cespitosa (Gramineae) beneath electricity pylons. Plant Syst. Evol. 179: 175-185.
97. Cox, R.M., and T.C. Hutchinson. 1980. Multiple metal tolerances in the grass Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. from the Sudbury smelting area. New Phytol. 84: 631-647.
98. Creemers-Molenaar, J., R.D. Hall, and F.A. Krens. 1992. Asymmetric protoplast fusion aimed at intraspecific transfer of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in Lolium perenne L. Theor. Appl. Genet. 84: 763-770.
99. Creemers-Molenaar, J, J.P.M. Loeffen, and P. VanDerValk. 1988. The effect of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and donor plant environment on plant regeneration from immature inflorescence-derived callus of Lolium perenne L. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. Plant Sci. 57: 165-172.
100. Creemers-Molenaar, J., P. Van Der Valk, J.P.M. Loeffen, and M.A.C.M. Zaal. 1989. Plant regeneration from suspension cultures and protoplasts of Lolium perenne L. Plant Sci. 63: 167-176.
101. Crossley, G.K., and A.D. Bradshaw. 1968. Differences in response to mineral nutrients of populations of ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., and orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L. Crop Sci. 8: 383-387.
102. Dahleen, L.S., and G.C. Eizenga. 1990. Meiotic and isozymic characterization of plants regenerated from euploid and selfed monosomic tall fescue embryos. Theor. Appl. Genet. 79: 39-44.
103. Dale, P.J. 1977a. Meristem tip culture in Lolium, Festuca, Phleum, and Dactylis. Plant Sci. Lett. 9: 333-338.
104. Dale, P.J. 1977b. The elimination of ryegrass mosaic virus from Lolium multiflorum by meristem tip culture. Ann. Appl. Biol. 85: 93-96.
105. Dale, P.J. 1980. A method for in vitro storage of Lolium multiflorum Lam. Ann. Bot. 45: 497-502.
106. Dale, P.J., and S.J. Dalton. 1983. Immature inflorescence culture in Lolium, Festuca, Phleum, and Dactylis. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 111: 39-45.
107. Dalton, S.J. 1988a. Plant regenetation from cell suspension protoplasts of Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Lolium perenne L., and L. multiflorum Lam. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 12: 137-140.
108. Dalton, S.J. 1988b. Plant regeneration from cell suspension protoplasts of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (tall fescue) and Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass). J. Plant Physiol. 132: 170-175.
109. Darwin, C. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. Murray, London.
110. Darwin, C. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. 2nd ed. Murray, London.
111. Davies, I. 1976. Developmental characteristics of grass varieties in relation to their herbage production. 1. An analysis of high-digestibility varieties of Dactylis glomerata at three stages of development. J. Agric. Sci. 87: 25-32.
112. Davies, M.S., and R.W. Snaydon. 1973a. Physiological differences among populations of Anthoxanthum odoratum L. collected from the Park Grass Experiment, Rothamstead. I. Response to Calcium. J. Appl Ecol. 10: 33-45.
113. Davies, M.S., and R.W. Snaydon. 1973b. Physiological differences among populations of Anthoxanthum odoratum L. collected from the Park Grass Experiment, Rothamstead. II. Response to Aluminum. J. Appl Ecol. 10: 47-55.
114. Davies, M.S., and R.W. Snaydon. 1974. Physiological differences among populations of Anthoxanthum odoratum L. collected from the Park Grass Experiment, Rothamstead. III. Response to Phosphate. J. Appl. Ecol. 11: 699-707.
115. Davies, M.S., and R.W. Snaydon. 1976. Rapid population differentiation in a mosaic environment. HI. Measures of selection pressures. Heredity 36: 59-66.
116. Davies, W.E, B.F. Tyler, M. Borrill, J.P. Cooper, H. Thomas, and E.L. Breese. 1973. Plant introduction at the Welsh Plant Breeding Station, p. 143-162. In Welsh Plant Breed. Stn. Ann. Rep. for 1972. Welsh Plant Breed. Stn., Aberystwyth, Wales.
117. 2 pollution reduces the freezing resistance of ryegrass. Nature (London) 297: 400-402.
118. Dewey, D.R. 1962. Breeding crested wheatgrass for salt tolerance. Crop Sci. 2: 403-407.
119. Dewey, D.R. 1980. Some applications and misapplications of induced polyploidy to plant breeding, p. 445-470. In W.H. Lewis (ed.) Polyploidy: Biological relevance. Plenum Publ. Corp., New York.
120. Ehlke, N.J., M.D. Casler, P.N. Drolsom, and J.S. Shenk. 1986. Divergent selection for in vitro dry matter digestibility in smooth bromegrass. Crop Sci. 26: 1123-1126.
121. Eizenga, G.C. 1989. Meiotic analyses of tall fescue somaclones. Genome 32: 373-379.
122. Eizenga, G.C, and R.C Buckner. 1986. Cytological and isozyme evaluation of tall fescue × Italian ryegrass hybrids. Plant Breed. 97: 340-344.
123. Eizenga, G.C, D.M. Burner, and R.C. Buckner. 1990. Meiotic and isozymic analysis of tall fescue x giant fescue hybrids and amphiploids. Plant Breed. 104: 202-211.
124. Eizenga, G.C, and P.L. Cornelius. 1991. Comparison of the isozyme variation in tall fescue parents and their somaclones. Euphytica 51: 249-256.
125. Eizenga, G.C, and L.S. Dahleen. 1990. Callus production, regeneration and evaluation of plants from cultured inflorescences of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 22: 7-15.
126. Eizenga, G.C, and M.J. Kasperbauer. 1985. Chromosome pairing in tall fescue haploids derived by anther-panicle culture. J. Hered. 76: 99-103.
127. Ellenberg, H. 1963. Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen in kavsaler, dynamischer und historisher Sicht. In H. Walter (ed.) Einfuhrung in die Phytologie. Vol. 4. Part 2. Stuttgart, Germany.
128. Ernst, W. 1976. Physiological and biochemical aspects of metal tolerance, p. 115-133. In T.A. Mansfield (ed.) Effects of air pollutants on plants. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
129. Evans, D.R., J. Hill, T.A. Williams, and I. Rhodes. 1989. Coexistence and the productivity of white clover-perennial ryegrass mixtures. Theor. Appl. Genet. 77: 65-70.
130. Evans, G, W.E. Davies, and A.H. Charles. 1961. Shift and the production of authenticated seed of herbage cultivars. p. 99-105. In Welsh Plant Breed. Stn. Ann. Rep. 1960. Welsh Plant Breed. Stn., Aberystywth, Wales.
131. Evans, M.W. 1937. Improvement of timothy, p. 1103-1121. In Yearbook of agriculture, 1937. U.S. Govt. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
132. Falcinelli, M. 1991. Backcross breeding to increase seed retention in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.). Euphytica 56: 133-135.
133. Falconer, D.S. 1989. Introduction to quantitative genetics. 3rd ed. Longman Group UK Ltd., Essex, England.
134. Fergus, E.N., and R.C. Buckner. 1972. Registration of Kentucky 31 tall fescue. Crop Sci. 12: 714.
135. Fily, M., C. Tosca, and G. Balent. 1991. Réaction à un composé salivaire et tolérance à la coupe de génotypes de Dactylis glomerata L issus de populations ayant une expérience contrastée du paturage. Agronomie 11: 247-257.
136. Forde, M.B., and F.E.T. Suckling. 1980. Genetic resources in high-rainfall hill pastures of New Zealand. N.Z. J. Agric. Res. 23: 179-189.
137. Francis, A., and R.N. Jones. 1989. Heritable nature of colchicine induced variation in diploid Lolium perenne. Heredity 62: 407-410.
138. Frandsen, K.J. 1949. Foraedling af fremmedbefrugtere. Resultaterof erfaringerfraforaedlingsarbejdet med fremmedbefrugtende planter. Nordisk Jordbrugsfors. 31: 233-253.
139. Frandsen, K.J. 1986. Variability and inheritance of digestibility in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata). II. F, and F2 progeny. Acta Agric. Scand. 36: 241-263.
140. Frandsen, K.J. 1991. A Danish plant breeding enterprise. Danish Plant Breeding, Boelshoj, Denmark.
141. Fujimoto, F., and S. Suzuki. 1975. Studies on variation and selection in Italian ryegrass populations. III. Response to selection for higher dry matter weight. Jpn. J. Breed. 25: 323-333.
142. Gallais, A. 1992. Porquoi faire des variétés synthéiques? Agronomie 12: 601-609.
143. Gardiner, S.E., M.S. Fords, and C.R. Slack. 1986. Grass cultivar identification by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. N.Z. J. Agric. Res. 29: 193-206.
144. Gardner, CO. 1961. An evaluation of effects of mass selection and seed irradiation with thermal neutrons on yield of corn. Crop Sci. 1: 241-245.
145. Gartside, D.W., and T. McNeilly. 1974. The potential for evolution of heavy metal tolerance in plants. II. Copper tolerance in normal populations of different plant species. Heredity 32: 335-348.
146. Gately, T.F. 1984. Early versus late perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne) for milk production. Ir. J. Agric. Res. 23: 1-9.
147. Gay, A.P. 1986. Variation in selection for leaf water conductance in relation to growth and stomatal dimensions in Lolium perenne L. Ann. Bot. 57: 361-369.
148. Gay, A.P. 1989. Assessment of the response to selection for leaf water conductance in Lolium perenne. Ann. Bot. 64: 593-598.
149. Gay, A.P., and C.F. Eagles. 1991. Quantitative analysis of cold hardening and dehardening in Lolium. Ann. Bot. 67: 339-345.
150. Gray, D.J., and A. Purohit. 1991. Somatic embryogenesis and development of synthetic seed technology. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 10: 33-61.
151. Gregor, J.W., and F.W. Sansome. 1927. Experiments on the genetics of wild populations. Part I. Grasses. J. Genet. 17: 349-364.
152. Gregory, R.P.G., and A.D. Bradshaw. 1965. Heavy metal tolerance in populations of Agrostis tenuis Sibth and other grasses. New Phytol. 64: 131-143.
153. Greub, L.J., M. Collins, S.K. Carlson, and M.D. Casler. 1986. Relationship of morphological characteristics to forage quality in quackgrass. Crop Sci. 26: 819-822.
154. Ha, S.-B., F.-S. Wu, and T.K. Thorne. 1992. Transgenic turf-type tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plants regenerated from protoplasts. Plant Cell Rep. 11: 601-604.
155. Hacker, J.B. 1982. Selection and breeding better quality grasses, p. 355-326. In J.B. Hacker (ed.) Nutritional limits to animal production from pastures. Commonw. Agric. Bur., Farnham House, Farnham Royal, Slough, England.
156. Hague, L.M., and R.N. Jones. 1987. Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne. IV. Colchicine induced variation in diploids. Theor. Appl. Genet. 74: 233-241.
157. Hallauer, A.R., and J.B. Miranda Fo. 1981. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, IA.
158. Hanna, W.W., and R.R. Hill, Jr. 1985. Forage crop breeding, p. 80-88. In M.E. Heath, R.F Barnes, and D.S. Metcalfe (ed.) Forages, 4th ed. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, IA.
159. Hannon, N., and A.D. Bradshaw. 1968. Evolution of salt tolerance in two coexisting species of grass. Nature (London) 220: 1342-1343.
160. Hanson, A.A. 1972. Breeding of grasses, p. 36-52. In V.B. Youngner and CM. McKell (ed.) The biology and utilization of grasses. Acad. Press, New York.
161. Hanson, A.A., and H.L. Carnahan. 1956. Breeding perennial forage grasses. USDA Tech. Bull. 1145. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC
162. Harberd, D.J. 1962. Some observations on natural clones in Festuca ovina. New Phytol. 61: 85-100.
163. Harberd, D.J. 1961. Observations on population structure and longevity of Festuca rubra L. New Phytol. 60: 184-206.
164. Harlan, J.R. 1975. Crops and man. CSSA and ASA, Madison, WI.
165. Harlan, J.R., and J.M.J. deWet. 1975. On O. Winge and a prayer: The origins of polyploidy. Bot. Rev. 41: 361-390.
166. Hays, W.M. 1892. Improvement of timothy. Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 20: 45-46.
167. Hayward, M.D. 1970. Selection and survival in Lolium perenne L. Heredity 25: 441-447.
168. Hayward, M.D. 1977. Genetic control of resistance to crown rust (Puccinia coranato Corda) in Lolium perenne L. and its implications in breeding. Theor. Appl. Genet. 51: 49-53.
169. Hayward, M.D. 1983. Selection for yield in Lolium perenne. I. Selection and performance under spaced plant conditions. Euphytica 32: 85-95.
170. Hayward, M.D. 1988. Exploitation of the incompatability mechanism for the production of Fj hybrid forage grasses. Euphytica 39: 33-37.
171. Hayward, M.D. 1992. Association of agronomic traits with isozyme loci in perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne L.). Euphytica 59: 141-150.
172. Hayward, M.D. 1993. Genome mapping and QTL analysis in Lolium. p. 25. In AFRC Inst. Grassl. Environ. Res. Rep. 1992. Welsh Plant Breed. Stn., Aberystwyth, Wales.
173. Hayward, M.D., and LB. Abdullah. 1985. Selection and stability of synthetic varieties of Lolium perenne. 1. The selected character and its expression over generations of multiplication. Theor. Appl. Genet. 70: 48-51.
174. Hayward, M.D., I.H. DeLacey, B.F. Tyler, and D.W. Drake. 1982. The application of pattern analysis for the recognition of adaptation in a collection of Lolium multiflorum populations. Euphytica 31: 383-396.
175. Hayward, M.D., and J.L. Vivero. 1984. Selection for yield in Lolium perenne. II. Performance of spaced plant selections under competitive conditions. Euphytica 33: 787-800.
176. He, S., H. Ohm, and S. Mackenzie. 1992. Detection of DNA sequence polymorphisms among wheat varieties. Theor. Appl. Genet. 84: 573-578.
177. Hein, M.A. 1955. Registration of varieties and strains of bromegrass (Bromus spp.). II. Lincoln smooth bromegrass. Agron. J. 47: 533-534.
178. Hewitt, G.B. 1980. Tolerance of ten species of Agropyron to feeding by Labops hesperius. J. Econ. Entomol. 73: 779-782.
179. Hickey, D.A., and T. McNeilly. 1975. Competition between metal tolerant and normal plant populations; a field experiment on normal soil. Evolution 29: 458-464.
180. Hides, D.H. 1978. Winter hardiness in Lolium multiflorum Lam. II. The effect of defoliation and nitrogen application as assessed by low temperature response in a controlled environment. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 33: 175-179.
181. Hides, D.H. 1979. Winter hardiness in Lolium multiflorum Lam. III. Selection for improved cold tolerance and its effect on agronomic performance. Grass Forage Sci. 34: 119-124.
182. Hides, D.H., C.A. Kute, and A.H. Marshall. 1993. Seed development and seed yield potential of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) populations. Grass Forage Sci. 48: 181-188.
183. Hides, D.H., and P.W. Wilkins. 1978. Selection for resistance to ryegrass mosaic virus and crown rust (Puccinia coronata Corda) in Italian ryegrass populations. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 33: 253-260.
184. Horn, M.E., B.V. Conger, and C.T. Harms. 1988a. Plant regeneration from protoplasts of embryo-genic suspension cultures of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Plant Cell Rep. 7: 371-374.
185. Horn, M.E., R.D. Shillito, B.V. Conger, and C.T. Harms. 1988b. Transgenic plants of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) from protoplasts. Plant Cell Rep. 7: 469-472.
186. Horsman, D.C., T.M. Roberts, and A.D. Bradshaw. 1979. Studies on the effect of sulphur dioxide on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). II. Evolution of sulphur dioxide tolerance. J. Exp. Bot. 30: 495-501.
187. Hovin, A.W. 1980. Cool-season grasses, p. 285-298. In W.R. Fehr and H.H. Hadley (ed.) Hybridization of crop plants. ASA, CSSA, Madison, WI.
188. Hovin, A.W., G.C. Marten, and R.E. Stucker. 1976. Cell wall constituents of reed canarygrass: Genetic variability and relationship to digestibility and yield. Crop Sci. 16: 575-578.
189. Hovin, A.W., CM. Rincker, and G.M Wood. 1966. Breeding of nonflowering orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L. Crop Sci. 6: 239-241.
190. Huff, D.R., and J.M. Bara. 1993. Determining genetic origins of aberrant progeny from facultative apomictic Kentucky bluegrass using a combination of flow cytometry and silver-stained RAPD markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 87: 201-208.
191. Humphreys, M.O. 1989a. Assessment of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) for breeding. II. Components of winter hardiness. Euphytica 41: 99-106.
192. Humphreys, M.O. 1989b. Water-soluble carbohydrates in perennial ryegrass breeding. II. Cultivar and hybrid progeny performance in cut plots. Grass Forage Sci. 44: 237-244.
193. Humphreys, M.O. 1989c. Breeding for quality in perennial ryegrass, p. 22 In O. Jewiss and C. Eagles (ed.) AFRC Int. Grassl. Anim. Prod. Ann. Rep. for 1988. Vol. 2. Welsh Plant Breed. Stn., Aberystwyth, Wales.
194. Humphreys, M.O., and A.D. Bradshaw. 1977. Genetic potentials for solving problems of soil mineral stress: heavy metal toxicities, p. 95-123. In M.J. Weight (ed.) Plant adaptation to mineral stress in problem soils. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
195. Humphreys, M.O., and C.F. Eagles. 1988. Assessment of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) for breeding. I. Freezing tolerance. Euphytica 38: 75-84.
196. Humphreys, M.W., and S.J. Dalton. 1992. Stability at the phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI/2) locus in Lolium multiflorum (2n = 4x = 28) x Festuca arundinacea (2n = 6x = 42) plants regenerated from cell suspension. Genome 35: 461-467.
197. Hunt, W.F., and H.S. Easton. 1989. Fifty years of ryegrass research in New Zealand. Proc. N.Z. Grassl. Assoc. 50: 11-23.
198. Imanywoha, J., and K.B. Jensen. 1992. Production and identification of primary trisomies in diploid crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) p. 100. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
199. Isaac, E. 1970. Geography of domestication. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
200. Jauhar, P.P. 1993. Aneuploids. p. 113-119. Cytogenetics of the Festuca-Lolium complex: Relevance to breeding. Springer-Verlag, New York, Berlin, Heidelberg.
201. Jenkin, T.J. 1943. Aberystwyth strains of grasses and clovers. Agriculture (London) 50: 343-349.
202. Jessen, D.L., and I.T. Carlson. 1985. Response to selection for seed and forage traits in smooth bromegrass. Crop Sci. 25: 502-505.
203. Jessen, D.L., I.T. Carlson, and C.F. Hodges. 1983. Growth-chamber and field reaction of three smooth bromegrass strains to Pyrenophora bromi (Died.) Drechsl. Crop Sci. 23: 709-711.
204. Johnson, D.A., and K.H. Asay. 1993. Viewpoint: Selection for improved drought response in cool-season grasses. J. Range Manage. 46: 194-202.
205. Jones, M.L., and M.O. Humphreys. 1993. Progress in breeding interspecific hybrid ryegrasses. Grass Forage Sci. 48: 18-25.
206. Jones, T.A., I.T. Carlson, and D.R. Buxton. 1989. Legume compatability of reed canarygrass clones related to agronomic and other morhpological traits. Crop Sci. 29: 1-7.
207. Jowett, D. 1959. Adaptation of a lead-tolerant population of Agrostis tenuis to low soil fertility. Nature (London) 184: 43.
208. Jung, GA., and J.A. Shaffer. 1990. Fall management studies with Matura prairie grass, p. 147. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
209. Jung, G.A., A.J.P. Van Wijk, W.F. Hunt, and C.E. Watson. 1996. Ryegrasses, p. 605-641. In L.E. Moser et al. (ed.) Cool-season forage grasses. Agron. Monogr. 34. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
210. Kalton, R.R., R.E. Barker, and R.E. Welty. 1996. Seed production, p. 383-411. In L.E. Moser (ed.) Cool-season forage grasses. Agron. Monogr. 34. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
211. Kamstra, L.D., J.G. Ross, and D.C. Ronning. 1973. In vivo and in vitro relationships in evaluating digestibility of selected smooth bromegrass synthetics. Crop Sci. 13: 575-576.
212. Karn, J.F., J.M. Krupinsky, and J.D. Berdahl. 1989. Nutritive quality of foliar disease resistant and susceptible strains of intermediate wheatgrass. Crop Sci. 29: 436-439.
213. Kasperbauer, M.J. 1990a. Haploids: Derivation and evaluation, p. 79-96. In M.J. Kasperbauer (ed.) Biotechnology in tall fescue improvement. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.
214. Kasperbauer, M.J. 1990b. Doubled haploids: Derivation and evaluation, p. 97-108. In M.J. Kasperbauer (ed.) Biotechnology in tall fescue improvement. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.
215. Kasperbauer, M.J., R.C. Buckner, and L.P. Bush. 1979. Tissue culture of annual ryegrass × tall fescue F, hybrids: Callus establishment and plant regeneration. Crop Sci. 19: 457-460.
216. Kindler, S.D, T.L. Springer, and K.B. Jensen. 1991. Differential damage to range grass seedlings by Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). J. Econ. Entomol. 84: 333-336.
217. Klebesadel, L.J., and D. Helm. 1986. Food reserve storage, low-temperature injury, winter survival, and forage yields of timothy in subarctic Alaska as related to latitude-of-origin. Crop Sci. 26: 325-334.
218. Knowles, R.P. 1977. Recurrent mass selection for improved seed yields in intermediate wheatgras. Crop Sci. 17: 51-54.
219. Knowles, R.P., D.A. Cooke, and E. Buglass. 1970. Breeding for seed yield and seed quality in smooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss. Crop Sci. 10: 539-542.
220. Krueger, C.R., and J.M. Scholl. 1970. Performance of bromegrass, orchardgrass and reed canarygrass grown at five nitrogen levels and with alfalfa. Univ. Wisconsin Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Rep. 69. Univ. Wisconsin, Madison.
221. Krupinsky, J.M., and J.D. Berdahl. 1982. Selection for resistance in intermediate wheatgrass to leaf spot caused by Helminthosporium sativum. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 4: 65-68.
222. Kumar, P.S., and P.D. Walton. 1992. Plant regeneration and chromosome instability in tissue culture Elymus canadensis × E. trachycaulus Fj hybrid. Genome 35: 88-91.
223. Lancashire, J.A., D. Wilson, R.W. Bailey, M.J. Ulyatt, and P. Singh. 1977. Improved summer performance of a ‘Low Cellulose’ selection from ‘Grasslands Ruanut’ hybrid perennial ryegrass. N.Z. J. Agric. Res. 20: 63-67.
224. Larkin, P. J., and W.R. Scowcroft. 1981. Somaclonal variation-a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theor. Appl. Genet. 60: 197-214.
225. Lawrence, T. 1977. Effects of selection for speed of germination on establishment, vigor, and yield in Altai wild ryegrass. Can. J. Plant Sci. 57: 1085-1090.
226. Lawrence, T. 1979. Swift, Russian wild ryegrass. Can. J. Plant Sci. 59: 515-518.
227. Lawrence, T., and CD. Ratzlaff. 1988. Effects of selection for foliage color on the seed and forage yield of Altai wild ryegrass. Can. J. Plant Sci. 68: 1003-1007.
228. Lazenby, A., and H.H. Rogers. 1964. Selection criteria for grass breeding. II. Effect, on Lolium perenne, of differences in population density, variety and available moisture. J. Agric. Sci. 62: 285-298.
229. Levin, D.A. 1973. The role of trichomes in plant defense. Quart. Rev. Biol. 48: 3-15.
230. Levin, D.A. 1976. The chemical defenses of plants to pathogens and herbivores. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 7: 121-159.
231. Levy, E.B. 1929. Strain investigation relative to grasses and clovers. N.Z. J. Agric. 39: 1-8.
232. Levy, E.B. 1932. New Zealand pasture seeds. What the dominion has to offer. N.Z. J. Agric. 44: 253-262.
233. Levy, E.B., and S.H. Saxby. 1933. Strain investigation of grasses and clover. N.Z. J. Agric. 47: 366-375.
234. Lewis, E.J. 1983. Cytogenetic aspects of interspecific hybridization in relation to breeding in the ryegrass/fescue complex, p. 218-235. In Welsh Plant Breeding Stn. Ann. Rep. for 1982. Welsh Plant Bred. Stn., Aberystywth, Wales.
235. Lewis, E.J., M.W. Humphreys, and M.P. Caton. 1980. Chromosome location of two isozyme loci in Lolium perenne using primary trisomies. Theor. Appl. Genet. 57: 237-239.
236. Lodge, G.M. 1993. The domestication of the native grasses Danthonia richardsonii Cashmore and Danthonia linkii Kunth for agricultural use. I. Selecting for inflorescence seed yield. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 44: 59-77.
237. Lodge, G.M., and A.J. Schipp. 1993. The domestication of the native grasses Danthonia richardsonii Cashmore and Danthona linkii Kunth for agricultural use. II. Agronomic and morphologic variation. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 44: 79-88.
238. Lonnquist, J.H., W.A. Compton, J.L. Geadelmann, F.A. Loeffel, B. Shank, and A.F. Troyer. 1979. Convergent-divergent selection for area improvement in maize. Crop Sci. 19: 602-604.
239. Love, R.M. 1969. Registration of Palestine orchardgrass. Crop Sci. 9: 523.
240. Macnair, M.R. 1991. Why the evolution of resistance to anthropogenic toxins normally involves major gene changes: the limits to natural selection. Genetica 84: 213-219.
241. Macnair, M.R., Q.J. Cumbes, and A.A. Meharg. 1992. The genetics of arsenate tolerance in Yorkshire fog, Holcus lanatus L. Heredity 69: 325-335.
242. Madsen, S., A. Olesen, and S.B. Andersen. 1993. Self-fertile doubled haploid plants of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Plant Breed. 110: 323-327.
243. Mansat, P., and M. Betin. 1979. Selection du Ray-grass d’ltalie pour la resistance a la Rouille couronnee en conditions artificielles. Ann. Amdlior. Plant. 29: 337-347.
244. Marburger, J.E., and R.R.-C. Wang. 1988. Anther culture of some perennial triticeae. Plant Cell Rep. 7: 313-317.
245. Marshall, S.W., and A.E. Slinkard. 1972. Mass selection versus maternal-line selection in Russian wildrye. Crop Sci. 12: 537-538.
246. Marten, G.C. 1973. Alkaloids in reed canarygrass. p. 15-31. In A.G. Matches (ed.) Anti-quality components of forages. CSSA Spec. Publ. 3. CSSA, Madison, WI.
247. Marten, G.C. 1989. Breeding forage grasses to maximize animal performance, p. 71-104. In D.A. Sleper et al. (ed.) Contributions from breeding forage and turf grasses. CSSA Spec. Publ. 15. ASA and CSSA, Madison, WI.
248. Marum, P., A.W. Hovin, G.C. Marten, and J.S. Shenk. 1979. Genetic variability for cell wall constituents and associated quality traits in reed canarygrass. Crop Sci. 19: 355-360.
249. Matches, A.G. 1992. Plant response to grazing: A review. J. Prod. Agric. 5: 1-7.
250. Matzk, F. 1981. Successful crosses between Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata L. Theor. Appl. Genet. 60: 119-122.
251. McLean, S.D., and C.E. Watson, Jr. 1992. Divergent selection for anthesis date in annual ryegrass. Crop Sci. 32: 847-851.
252. McNaughton, S.J. 1979. Grassland-herbivore dynamics, p. 46-81. In A.R.E. Sinclair and M. Norton-Griffiths (ed.) Serengeti. Dynamics of an ecoysstem. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
253. McNaughton, S.J., M.B. Coughenour, and L.L. Wallace. 1982. Interactive processes in grassland ecosystems, p. 167-193. In J.R. Estes et al. (ed.) Grasses and grasslands. Sysematics and ecology. Univ. Oklahoma Press, Norman.
254. McWilliam, J.R. 1963. Selection of seed retention in Phalaris tuberosa L. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 14: 755-764.
255. Meijer, E.G.M., and B.S. Ahloowalia. 1981. Trisomies of ryegrass and their tramsmission. Theor. Appl. Genet. 60: 135-140.
256. Miller, T.L., and I.T. Carlson. 1982. Breeding for rust resistance in orchardgrass by phenotypic and phenotypic-genotypic selection. Crop Sci. 22: 1218-1221.
257. Moodie, A.W.S. 1934. Strains in perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot, with particular reference to types found in pastures in New South Wales. Herb. Rev. 2: 85-87.
258. Moore, K.J., K.P. Vogel, T.J. Klopfenstein, and B.E. Anderson. 1990. Forage quality of intermediate wheatgrass under grazing, p. 190. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
259. Munro, J.M.M., and R.J.K. Walters. 1986. The feeding value of grass, p. 65-78. In J. Frame (ed.) Grazing. Proc. Occ. Symp. no. 19, Malvern, Worcestershire, England. 5-7 Nov. 1985. Br. Grassl. Soc, Reading, England.
260. National Research Council. 1991. Managing global genetic resources. The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. Natl. Acad. Press. Washington, DC.
261. Nelson, C.J., K.M. Hasson, D.A. Sleper, and J.R. Forwood. 1989. Compatibility of birdsfoot trefoil with tall fescue selected for high and low leaf area expansion rate. p. 467-468. In R.R. Jarrige et al. (ed.) Proc. 16th Int. Grassl. Congr., Nice, France. 4-11 October. French Grassl. Soc.
262. Nguyen, H.T., D.A. Sleper, and A.G. Matches. 1982. Inheritance of forage quality and its relationship to leaf tensile strength in tall fescue. Crop Sci. 22: 67-72.
263. Nicholls, M.K., and T. McNeilly. 1985. The performance of Agrostis capillaris L. genotypes, differing in copper tolerance, in ryegrass swards on normal soil. New Phytol. 101: 207-217.
264. Nielson, D.C, K.H. Asay, and T.A. Jones. 1993. Bluegrass billbug feeding response to perennial triticeae grasses. J. Range Manage. 46: 237-240.
265. Nielsen, G., H. Østergaard, and H. Johansen. 1985. Cultivar identification by means of isoenzymes. II. Genetic variation at four enzyme loci in diploid ryegrass.Plant Breed. 94: 74-86.
266. Niu, Y., G.J. Scoles, and K.N. Kao. 1991. Anther culture of seven perennial Triticeae. p. 199. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
267. Noitsakis, B., and P. Jacquard. 1992. Competitoin between cyanogenic and acyanogenic morphs of Trifolium repens. Theor. Appl. Genet. 83: 433-450.
268. Norton, B.E., and P.S. Johnson. 1981. Pattern of defoliation by cattle grazing crested wheatgrass pastures, p. 462-464. In J.A. Smith and V.W. Hays (ed.) Proc. 14th Int. Grassl. Congr., Lexington, KY. 15-24 June. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
269. Novy, E.M., M.D. Casler, and R.R. Hill, Jr. 1995. Selection for persistence of tetraploid ryegrasses and festulolium in mixture with perennial legumes. Crop Sci. 35: 1046-1051.
270. Oberheim, R.L., C.C. Berg, R.T. Sherwood, and K.E. Zeiders. 1987. Yield and quality of forage from orchardgrass selected for resistance to purple leaf spot. Crop Sci. 27: 673-676.
271. Olesen, A., S.B. Andersen, and I.K. Due. 1988. Anther culture response in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Plant Breed. 101: 60-65.
272. Owen, D.F., and R.G. Wiegert. 1981. Mutualism between grasses and grazers: An evolutionary hypothesis. Oikos 36: 376-378.
273. Park, C.H., and P.D. Walton. 1989a. Embryo-callus-regenerated hybrids and their colchicine-in-duced amphiploids between Elymus canadensis and Secale cereale. Theor. Appl. Genet. 78: 721-727.
274. Park, C.H., and P.D. Walton. 1989b. Embryogenesis and plant regeneration from tissue culture of Canada wildrye, Elymus canadensis L. Plant Cell Rep. 8: 289-291.
275. Pedersen, J.F., R.L. Haaland, C.S. Hoveland, CD. Berry, P. Schmidt, and R.R. Harris. 1983. Registration of AU Triumph tall fescue. Crop Sci. 23: 182.
276. Perez-Vicente, R., L. Petris, M. Osusky, I. Potrykus, and G. Spangenberg. 1992. Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of repetitive DNA sequences from Lolium and Festuca: Applications in the analysis of Festulolium hybrids. Theor. Appl. Genet. 84: 145-154.
277. Petersen, H.L. 1976. Competition in Lolium perenne L. as measured by yield and persistency, p. 129-140. In B. Dennis (ed.) Breeding methods and variety testing in forage plants. Proc. EUCARPIA Fodder Crops Sec, Lyngby Landbrugsskole, Denmark. 7-9 Sept. R. Vet. Agric. Univ., Hojbakkeglrd, Denmark.
278. Pfitzermeyer, C.D.C. 1962. Arrhenatherum eliatus (L.) J. et C. Presl. (A. avenaceum Beauv.). J. Ecol. 50: 235-245.
279. Poehlman, J.M. 1983. Breeding field crops. AVI Publ. Co., Inc., Westport, CN.
280. Ratner, J. 1990. Identifying quantitative traits in plants. Bio/Technology 8: 401-403.
281. Ray, I., and M.K. Tokach. 1992. Cytology of 2n pollen formation in diploid crested wheatgrass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaernt. Crop Sci. 32: 1361-1365.
282. Read, J.J., K.H. Asay, and D.A. Johnson. 1993. Divergent selection for carbon isotope discrimination in crested wheatgrass. Can. J. Plant Sci. 73: 1027-1035.
283. Reed, J.N., and B.V. Conger. 1985. Meiotic analyses of tall fescue plants regenerated from callus cultures. Environ. Exp. Bot. 25: 277-284.
284. Reed, K.F.M., P.J. Cunningham, J.T. Barrie, and J.F. Chin. 1987. Productivity and persistence of cultivars and Algerian introductions of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in Victoria. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 27: 267-274.
285. Reich, J.M., and M.D. Casler. 1985. Effect of maturity and alfalfa competition on expected selection response for smooth bromegrass forage quality traits. Crop Sci. 25: 635-640.
286. Rhodes, I. 1969. The relationship between productivity and some components of canopy structure in ryegrass (Lolium spp.). I. Leaf length. J. Agric. Sci. 7: 315-319.
287. Rhodes, I. 1971. The relationship between productivity and some components of canopy structure in ryegrass (Lolium spp.). II. Yield, canopy structure and light interception. J. Agric. Sci. 77: 283-292.
288. Rhodes, I. 1975. The relationship between productivity and some components of canopy structure in ryegrass (Lolium spp.). IV. Canopy characters and their relationship with sward yields in some intra population selections. J. Agric. Sci. 84: 345-351.
289. Rind, M.J., and I.T. Carlson. 1988. Bidirectional greenhouse selection for dry-matter digestibility in orchardgrass. p. 94. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
290. Robson, M.J. 1982a. The growth and carbon economy of selection lines of Lolium perenne cv. S23 with differing rates of dark respiration. 1. Grown as simulated swards during a regrowth period. Ann. Bot. 49: 321-329.
291. Robson, M.J. 1982b. The growth and carbon economy of selection lines of Lolium perenne cv. S23 with differing rates of dark respiration. 2. Grown as young plants from seed. Ann. Bot. 49: 331-339.
292. Ross, J.G., S.S. Bullis, and K.C. Lin. 1970. Inheritance of in vitro digestibility in smooth bromegrass. Crop Sci. 10: 672-673.
293. Rotili, P., L. Zannone, and G. Gnocchi. 1976. Effects of association and density in clones of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.). p. 141-151. In B. Dennis (ed.) Breeding methods and variety testing in forage plants. Proc. EUCARPIA Fodder Crops Sec, Lyngby Landbrugsskole, Denmark. 7-9 September. R. Vet. Agric. Univ., Hojbakkegard, Denmark.
294. Rumball, W. 1974. ‘Grasslands Matua’ prairie grass (Bromus catharticusVahl). N.Z. J. Exp. Agric. 2: 1-5.
295. 1 Lolium-Festuca hybrids. Genet. Pol. 24: 1-7.
296. Sachs, A.P.W., and B.E. Coulman. 1983. Variability in reed canarygrass collections from Eastern Canada. Crop Sci. 23: 1041-1044.
297. Saiga, S. 1983. Selection effect for digestibility of summer regrowth in orchardgrass. p. 143-146. In J.A. Smith and V.W. Hays (ed.) Proc. 14th Int. Grassl. Congr., Lexington, KY. 15-24 June 1981. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
298. Sanders, P.M., and D.J. Barker. 1988. Pasture plant identification using enzyme electrophoresis. Proc. N.Z. Grassl. Assoc. 49: 77-80.
299. Schmidt, D.R., and G.H. Tenpas. 1965. Seasonal response of grasses fertilized with nitrogen compared to a legume-grass mixture. Agron. J. 57: 428-431.
300. Scholz, H. 1975. Grassland evolution in Europe. Taxon 24: 81-90.
301. Shoop, M., E.H. Mcllvain, and P.W. Voigt. 1976. Morpa weeping lovegrass produces more beef. J. Range Manage. 29: 101-103.
302. Short, K.E., and I.T. Carlson. 1989. Bidirectional selection for birdsfoot trefoil-compatibility traits in orchardgrass. Crop Sci. 29: 1131-1136.
303. Silcock, R.G., and D. Wilson. 1982. Effect of reduced soil moisture availability on leaf morphology and in vitro dry matter digestibility of Festuca arundinacea genotypes with contrasting leaf tensile strength. New Phytol. 91: 277-285.
304. Simons, A.B., and G.C. Marten. 1971. Relationship of indole alkaloids to palatability of Phalaris arundinacea L. Agron. J. 63: 915-919.
305. Singh, R.J. 1993. Plant cytogenetics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
306. Skipp, R.A., and D.W.R. White. 1988. Somaclonal variation in resistance of perennial ryegrass to crown rust. Proc. N.Z. Grassl. Assoc. 49: 93-96.
307. Sleper, D.A. 1987. Forage grasses, p. 161-208. In W.R. Fehr (ed.) Principles of cultivar development. Vol. 2. Macmillian Publ. Co., New York.
308. Sleper, D.A., P.N. Drolsom, and N.A. Jorgensen. 1973. Breeding for improved dry matter digestibility in smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss). Crop Sci. 13: 556-558.
309. Sleper, D.A., and C.J. Nelson. 1989. Productivity of selected high and low leaf area expansion Festuca arundinacea strains, p. 379-380. In R. Jarrige et al. (ed.) Proc. 16th Int. Grassl. Congr., Nice, France. 4-11 October. French Grassl. Soc.
310. Sleper, D.A., and CP. West. 1996. Tall fescue, p. 471-502. In L.E. Moser et al. (ed.) Cool-season forage grasses. Agron. Monogr. 34. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
311. Smith, D., A.V.A. Jacques, and J.A. Balasko. 1973. Persistence of several temperate grasses grown with alfalfa and harvested two, three, and four times annually at two stubble heights. Crop Sci. 13: 553-556.
312. Smith, D.C 1948. The breeder’s ways and means, p. 331-341. In A. Stefferud (ed.) Grass, the yearbook of agriculture, 1948. U.S. Govt. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
313. Smith, D.C. 1956. Nature of forage crop varieties in relation to methods of improvement, p. 404-414. In G.J. Neale (ed.) Proc. 7th Int. Grassl. Congr., Palmerston North, NZ. 6-15 November. Wright and Carman, Ltd., Wellington, NZ.
314. Smith, J.D., and R.P. Knowles. 1967. Mass selection for resistance to Selenophoma bromigena in northern and southern types of Bromus inermis. Can. J. Plant Sci. 47: 679-681.
315. Smith, M.A., C.E. Watson, Jr., S.D. Linscombe, and L.E. Trevathan. 1986. Selection for resistance to Cochliobolus sativus in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 72: 807-810.
316. Smith, R.L., M.E. Schweder, M.K.U. Chowdhury, J.E. Seib, and S.C. Schank. 1993. Development and appliction of RFLP and RAPD DNA markers in genetic improvement of Pennisetum for biomass production. Biomass Bioener. 5: 51-62.
317. Snaydon, R.W. 1970. Rapid population differentiation in a mosaic environment. I. The response of Anthoxanthum odoratum populations to soils. Evolution 24: 257-269.
318. Snaydon, R.W. 1973. Ecological factors, genetic variation and speciation in plants, p. 1-29. In V.H. Heywood (ed.) Taxonomy and ecology. Acad. Press, New York.
319. Snaydon, R.W. 1978. Genetic changes in pasture populations, p. 253-269. In J.R. Wilson (ed.) Plant relations in pastures. CSIRO, East Melbourne, Australia.
320. Snaydon, R.W., and M.W. Davies. 1972. Rapid population differentiation in a mosaic environment. II. Morphological variation in Anthoxanthum odoratum. Evolution 26: 390-405.
321. Stapledon, R.G. 1924. The economic significance of the concepts, nationality, variety and strain, as applied more particularly to herbage plants. J. Natl. Inst. Agric. Bot. 2: 1-10.
322. Stapledon, R.G. 1928. Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata L.): Ecotypes in relation to the biotic factor. J. Ecol. 16: 71-104.
323. Stebbins, G.L. 1981. Coevolution of grasses and herbivores. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68: 75-86.
324. Sullivan, J.T., E.S. Titlar, and T.V. Hershberger. 1962. Chemical composition of nonheading orchardgrass plants. J. Anim. Sci. 21: 138.
325. Surprenant, J., D.K. Barnes, R.H. Busch, and G.C. Marten. 1988. Bidirectional selection for neutral detergent fiber and yield in reed canarygrass. Can. J. Plant Sci. 68: 705-712.
326. Surprenant, J., R. Michaud, and G. Allard. 1990. Effect of one cycle of divergent phenotypic selection for crude protein, digestibility and digestible yield in timothy. Can. J. Plant Sci. 70: 757-765.
327. Symeonidis, L., T. McNeilly, and A.D. Bradshaw. 1985. Interpopulation variation in tolerance to cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc in nine populations of Agrostis capillaris L. New Phytol. 101: 317-324.
328. Takamizo, T, G. Spangenberg, K. Suginobu, and I. Potrykus. 1991. Intergeneria somatic hybridization in Gramineae: somatic hybrid plants between tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and Italian ryegreass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Mol. Gen. Genet. 231: 1-6.
329. Takamizo, T., K.-I. Suginobu, and R. Ohsugi. 1990. Plant regeneration from suspension culture derived protoplasts of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) of a single genotype. Plant Sci. 72: 125-131.
330. Tan, Y., G. Tan, and P.D. Walton. 1978. Genetic variability in acid detergent fiber, crude protein, and their association with some morphological characters in smooth bromegrass. Crop Sci. 18: 119-121.
331. Tanksley, S.D., N.D. Young, A.H. Paterson, and M.W. Boniarbale. 1989. RFLP mapping in plant breeding: New tools for an old science. Bio/Technology 7: 257-264.
332. 2 alone. New Phytol. 110: 327-338.
333. Tcacenco, F.A., C.F. Eagles, and B.F. Tyler. 1989. Evaluation of winter hardiness in Romanian introductions of Lolium perenne. J. Agric. Sci. 112: 249-255.
334. Terrell, E.E. 1968. A taxonomic revision of the genus Lolium. USDA Tech. Bull. 1392. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
335. Thomas, H. 1993. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, p. 13-14. In AFRC Inst. Grassland Environmental Res. Rep., 1992. Welsh Plant Breed. Stn., Aberystwyth, Wales.
336. Thomas, H., and C. Evans. 1989. Effects of divergent selection for osmotic adjustment of water relations and growth of plants of Lolium perenne. Ann. Bot. 64: 581-587.
337. Thomas, H., and C. Evans. 1991. Growth and water relations of simulated swards of Lolium perenne L. selection lines with contrasting leaf osmotic potentials. Grass Forage Sci. 46: 391-397.
338. Thomas, H., and M.O. Humphreys. 1991. Progress and potential of interspecific hybrids of Lolium and Festuca. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge) 117: 1-8.
339. Tilley, J.M. A., and R.A. Terry. 1963. A two-stage technique for in vitro digestion of forage crops. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 18: 104-111.
340. Trupp, C.R., and I.T. Carlson. 1971. Improvement of seedling vigor of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) by recurrent selection for high seed weight. Crop Sci. 11: 225-228.
341. Tsurumi, Y., T. Yoshiyama, K. Nakashima, and H. Yamaguchi. 1985. Characteristic differences of survival plants under grazing from the original varieties in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). p. 286-287. In Proc. 15th Int. Grassl. Conf, Kyoto, Japan. 24-31 August. Jpn. Soc. Grassl. Sci., Nishi-nasuno, Tochigi-ken, Japan.
342. Turesson, G. 1922. The genotypical response of the plant species to the habitat. Hereditas 3: 211-350.
343. Tyler, B.F. 1987. Description and distribution of natural variation in forage grasses, p. 13-22. In Natural variation and breeding for adaptation. Proc. EUCARPIA Fodder Crops Sect., Lusignan, France. 22-24 Sept. 1987. INRA Stn. d’Amelioration des plants Fourrageros, France.
344. Tyler, B.F., K.H. Chorlton, and I.D. Thomas. 1987. Collection and field-sampling techniques for forages, p. 3-10. In B.F. Tyler (ed.) Collection, characterization and utilization of genetic resources of temperate forage grass and clover. IBPGR Train. Courses: Lect. Ser. 1. Int. Bd. Plant Gen. Resour., Rome.
345. Ugherughe, P.O., P.N. Drolsom, and J.R. Davis. 1980. Influence of planting pattern on estimated digestibility of smooth bromegrass. Crop Sci. 20: 695-699.
346. van der Valk, P., M.A.C.M. Zaal, and J. Creemers-Molenaar. 1988. Regeneration of albino plant-lets from suspension culture derived protoplasts of Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass). Euphytica (Supplement): 169-176.
347. Van Bogaert, G. 1975. A comparison between colchicine induced tetraploid and diploid cultivars of Lolium species, p. 61-78. In B. Nttesch (ed.) Ploidy in fodder plants. EUCARPIA Fodder Crops Sect., Zurich, Switzerland. 23-25 April. Swiss Fed. Res. Stn. Agron., Zurich.
348. Van Bogaert, G. 1977. Scope for improving the yield of grasses and legumes by breeding and selection, p. 29-35. In Proc. Int. Meet. Anim. Prod. Temperate Grassl., Dublin, Ireland. 25-28 July. Irish Grassl. Anim. Prod. Assoc., Agric. Inst., Belclare, Tuam, Ireland.
349. Van Dijk, G.E. 1955. The influence of sward-age and management on the type of timothy and cocksfoot. Euphytica 4: 83-93.
350. Van Dijk, G.E. 1959. Breeding for quality in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.). Euphytica 8: 58-68.
351. Van Dijk, G.E. 1979. Breeding Lolium perenne L. for yield and persistence under heavy nitrogen and infrequent cutting, p. 131-135. In S. Ceccarelli (ed.) Breeding for stress conditions. Proc. EUCARPIA Fodder Crops Sect., Perugia, Italy. 4-6 September. 1st. d’Allevamento Veg., Perugia, Italy.
352. Van Dijk, G.E. 1983. Spaced plants in swards as a testing procedure in grass breeding, p. 130-132. In J.A. Smith and V.W. Hays (ed.) Proc. 14th Int. Grassl. Congr., Lexington, KY. 15-24 June 1981. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
353. van Santen, E., and M.D. Casler. 1990. Methods of visually rating maturity in tetraploid Dactylis. Plant Breed. 105: 26-32.
354. van Santen, E., P.M. Hugessen, and M.D. Casler. 1991. Identification and frequency of tetraploid progeny from 2x-4x and 4x-2x crosses in Dactylis. Genome 34: 273-278.
355. Van Soest, P.J. 1982. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. O & B Books, Inc., Corvallis.
356. Venables, A.V., and D.A. Wilkins. 1978. Salt tolerance in pasture grasses. New Phytol. 80: 613-622.
357. Vogel, K.P., J.H. Gorz, and F.A. Haskins. 1989. Breeding grasses for the future, p. 105-122. In D.A. Sleper et al. (ed.) Contributions from breeding forage and turf grasses. CSSA Spec. Publ. 15. CSSA, Madison, WI.
358. Vogel, K.P., K.J. Moore, and L.E. Moser. 1996. Bromegrasses. p. 535-567. In L.E. Moser et al. (ed.) Cool-season forage grasses. Agron. Monogr. 34. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
359. Vogel, K.P., and J.F. Pedersen. 1993. Breeding systems for cross-pollinated perennial grasses. Plant Breed. Rev. 11: 251-274.
360. Walley, K.A., M.S.I. Khan, and A.D. Bradshaw. 1974. The potential for evolution of heavy metal tolerance in plants. I. Copper and zinc tolerance in Agrostis tenuis. Heredity 32: 309-319.
361. Wang, A.Y., M.P. Valles, P. Montavon, I. Potrykus and G. Spangerberg. 1993. Fertile plant regeneration from protoplasts of meadow fescue (Festucapratensis Huds.). Plant Cell Rep. 12: 95-100.
362. Wang, R.R-C. 1987. Synthetic and natural hybrids of Psathyrostachys huashanica. Genome 29: 811-816.
363. Wang, R.R-C, J.E. Marburger, and C.-J. Hu. 1991. Tissue-culture-facilitated production of aneupolyhaploid Thinopyrum ponticum and amphidiploid Hordeum violaceum × H. bogdanii and their uses in phylogenetic studies. Theor. Appl. Genet. 81: 151-156.
364. Wang, Z., T. Takamizo, V.A. Iglesias, M. Osusky, J. Nagel, I. Potrykus, and G. Spangenberg. 1992. Transgenic plants of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) obtained by direct gene transfer to protoplasts. Bio/technology 10: 691-696.
365. Watkin, B.R., and R.J. Clements. 1978. The effects of grazing animals on pastures, p. 273-289. In J.R. Wilson (ed.) Plant relations in pastures. CSIRO, East Melbourne, Australia.
366. Webber, H.J. 1912. The production of new and improved varieties of timothy. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 313: 339-391.
367. Wedderburn, M.E., W.J Pengelly, and L.A. Greaves. 1993. Comparison of improved “low-fertility” grass species and ryegrass with wild populations for performance under varying levels of nitrogen and moisture in a simulated hill soil profile. N.Z. J. Agric. Res. 36: 117-121.
368. Wedderburn, M.E., M.A. Tucker, W.J. Pengelly, and S.F. Ledgard. 1990. Responses of a New Zealand North Island hill perennial ryegrass collection to nitrogen, moisture stress, and grass grub (Costelytra zelandica) infestation. N.Z. J. Agric. Res. 33: 405-411.
369. Wedin, W.F., and D.R. Huff. 1996. Bluegrasses. p. 665-690. In L.E. Moser et al. (ed.) Cool-season forage grasses. Agron. Monogr. 34. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
370. Weedon, N.F., and A.C. Emmo. 1985. Isozyme characterization of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 65: 985-994.
371. Weiss, M.G., and S.K. Mukerji. 1950. Effect of planting method and nitrogen fertilization on relative performance of orchardgrass strains. Agron. J. 42: 555-559.
372. Westerholt, S.R., and T.P. Riordan. 1992. The application of flow cytometry in the determination of ploidy levels of Kentucky bluegrass and buffalograss. p. 178. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
373. Wilkins, P.W. 1975. Inmplications of host-pathogen variation for resistance breeding in the grass crop. Ann. Appl. Biol. 81: 257-261.
374. Wilkins, P.W. 1978. Specialization of crown rust on highly and moderately resistant plants of perennial ryegrass. Ann. Appl. Biol. 88: 179-184.
375. Wilkins, P.W. 1991. Breeding perennial ryegrass for agriculture. Euphytica 52: 201-214.
376. Williams, J.G., M.K. Hanafey, J.A. Rafalski, and S.V. Tingley. 1993. Genetic analysis using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. In R. Wu (ed.) Recombinant DNA (Part I). Method. Enzymol. 218: 704-740.
377. Williams, J.T. 1984. The international germplasm program of the International Board of Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR). p. 21-25. In W.L. Brown et al. (ed.) Conservation of crop germplasm-an international perspective. CSSA Spec. Publ. 8. CSSA, Madison, WI.
378. Wilsie, CP. 1949. Evaluation of grass-legume associations, with emphasis on yields of bromegrass varieties. Agron. J. 41: 412-420.
379. Wilson, D. 1975a. Leaf growth, stomatal diffusion resistances and photosynthesis during droughting of Lolium perenne populations selected for contrasting stomatal length and frequency. Ann. Appl. Biol. 79: 67-82.
380. Wilson, D. 1975b. Stomatal diffusion resistances and leaf growth during droughting of Lolium perenne plants selected for contrasting epidermal ridging. Ann. Appl. Biol. 79: 83-94.
381. Wilson, D. 1976. Physiological and morphological selection criteria in grasses, p. 9-18. In B. Dennis (ed.) Breeding methods and variety testing in forage plants. EUCARPIA Fodder Crops Sec, Roskilde, Denmark. 7-9 September. Royal Vet. Agric. Univ., Hojbakkeganl, Taastrup, Denmark.
382. Wilson, D. 1981. The role of physiology in breeding herbage cultivars adapted to their environment, p. 95-108. In CE. Wright (ed.) Plant physiology and herbage production. Proc. Occ Symp. no. 13, Nottingham, England. 1-9 April. Br. Grassl. Soc, Reading, England.
383. Wilson, D. 1982. Response to selection for dark respiration rate of mature leaves in Lolium perenne and is effects on growth of young plants and simulated swards. Ann. Bot. 49: 303-312.
384. Wilson, D. 1984. Development of better selection criteria, p. 117-129. In W Lange et al. (ed.) Efficiency in plant breeding. Proc. 10th EUCARPIA Congr., Wageningen, 19-24 June 1983. Pudoc, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
385. Wilson, D., and J.P. Cooper. 1970. Effect of selection for mesophyll cell size on growth and assimilation in Lolium perenne L. New Phytol. 69: 233-245.
386. Wilson, D., and J.G. Jones. 1981. Leaf tensile strength in cocksfoot, p. 136-137. In Welsh Plant Breed. Stn. Ann. Rep. for 1980. Aberystwyth, Wales.
387. Wilson, D., and J.G. Jones. 1982. Effect of selection for dark respiration rate of mature leaves on crop yields of Lolium perenne cv. S23. Ann. Bot. 49: 313-320.
388. 2 of grass populations in polluted areas. HI. Investigations on the rate of development of tolerance. New Phytol. 100: 63-77.
389. 2 of grass populations in polluted areas. IV. The spatial relatinship between tolerance and a point source of pollution. New Phytol. 102: 563-574.
390. 2 of grass populations in polluted areas. VI. The genetic nature of tolerance in Lolium perenne L. New Phytol. 116: 313-317.
391. Wit, F. 1974. Cytoplasmic male sterility in ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) detected after intergeneric hybridization. Euphytica 23: 31-38.
392. Witte, H. 1919. Breeding timothy at Svalöf. J. Hered. 10: 290-299.
393. Wu, L. 1981. The potential for evolution of salinity tolerance in Agrostis stolonifera L. and Agrostis tenuis Sibth. New Phytol. 89: 471-486.
394. Wu, L., A.D. Bradshaw, and D.A. Thurman. 1975. The potential for evolution of heavy metal tolerance in plants. III. The rapid evolution of copper tolerance in Agrostis stolonifera. Heredity 34: 165-187.
395. Xu, W.W., D.A. Sleper, and S. Chao. 1992. Detection of RFLPs in perennial ryegrass, using heterologous probes from tall fescue. Crop Sci. 32: 1366-1370.
396. Xu, W.W., D.A. Sleper, and D.A. Hoisington. 1991. A survey of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in tall fescue and its relatives. Genome 34: 686-692.
397. Xu, W.W., D.A. Sleper, and G.F. Krause. 1994. Genetic diversity of tall fescue germplasm based on RFLPs. Crop Sci. 34: 246-252.
398. York, P.A., and R. Cook. 1989. Variation in forage grasses as hosts of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne naasi (Franklin) and selection for resistance in ryegrass. Euphytica 43: 135-141.
399. Zannone, L., P. Rotili, R. Paoletti, and C. Scotti. 1986. Experimental studies of grass-legume associations. Agronomie 6: 931-940.
400. Zeiders, K.E., C.C. Berg, and R.T. Sherwood. 1984. Effect of recurrent phenotypic selection on resistance to purple leaf spot in orchardgrass. Crop Sci. 24: 182-185.
401. Zohary, D. 1984. Modes of evolution under domestication, p. 579-586. In W.F. Grant (ed.) Plant biosystematics. Acad. Press, New York.