Deforestation and Entrepreneurship in the North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan

State, Society and the Environment in South Asia

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 200-235

  Knudsen, Are J ^a  

^a CHR MICHELSEN INSTITUTE   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85140151391     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781315026855-17     Document Type: Chapter

References (66)

1. Ahmed, Akbar S. (1986) Pakistan Society: Islam, Ethnicity and Leadership in South Asia, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
2. Allan, Nigel J.R. (1987) ‘Impact of Afgan Refugees on the Vegetation Resources of Pakistan’s Hindu-Kush Himalayas’, Mountain Research and Development, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 200-04.
3. Angelsen, Arild (1994) ‘Shifting Cultivation, Expansion and Intensity of Production: The Open Economy Case’, CMI Working Paper, no. 3.
4. Ayaz, Mohammad and Gerhard Stohr (1988) ‘Comparison of Timber Harvesting Systems in the Forest Areas of Hazara Civil Division, NWFP’, Pakistan Journal of Forestry, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 261-74.
5. Azhar, Rauf A. (1989) ‘Communal Property Rights and Depletion of Forests in Northern Pakistan’, Pakistan Development Review, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 643-51. ’
6. Azhar, Rauf A. (1993) ‘Commons, Regulation, and Rent-seeking Behavior: The Dilemma of Pakistan’s Guzara Forests’, Economic Development and Cultural Change, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 115-29.
7. Barth, Fredrik (ed.) (1972) The Role of the Entrepreneur in Social Change in Northern Norway, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
8. Barth, Fredrik (1985) The Last Wali of Swat, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
9. Berkes, Fikret (ed.) (1989) Common Property Resources: Ecology and Community-Based Sustainable Development, London: Belhaven Press.
10. Cernea, Michael M. (1989) User Groups as Producers in Participatory Afforestation Strategies, Washington DC: World Bank Discussion Papers, no. 70.
11. Christensen, Asger (1995) Aiding Afghanistan: The Background and Prospects for Reconstruction in a Fragmented Society, Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies (NIAS), NIAS report no. 26.
12. Dixon, R.K. and J.A. Perry (1986) ‘Natural Resource Management in Rural Areas of Northern Pakistan’, Ambio, vol. 15, pp. 301-05.
13. Duke, Guy (1994) ‘A Participatory Approach to Conservation Safe­guarding the Himalayan Forests of the Palas Valley, District Kohistan’. In Asian Study Group, The Destruction of the Forests and Wooden Architecture of Eastern Afghanistan and Northern Pakistan: Nuristan to Baltistan, Islamabad: Asian Study Group, pp. 40-48.
14. Fischer, Dieter (1970) Waldverbreitung, bduerliche Waldwirtschaft undkom- merzielle Waldnutzung im ostlichen Afghanistan, Afghanische Studien, Band 2. Meisenheim: Verlag Anton Hain.
15. The Frontier Post (1992) ‘NWFP PA Body to Probe Smuggling of Timber’, December 16.
16. FSMP (1992) Forestry Sector Master Plan: Executive Summary, prepared by UNDP and the Asian Development Bank in collaboration with Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Cooperatives, December.
17. Guha, Ramachandra (1989) The Unquiet Woods: Ecological Change and Peasant Resistance in the Himalayas, Berkeley: University of California Press.
18. Hamilton, Lawrence S. (1988) ‘Semantics, Definitions and Deforestation’, IUCN Special Report Bulletin, vol. 18, no. 4-6, pp. 8-9.
19. Hamilton, Lawrence S. (1992) ‘The Protective Role of Mountain Forests’, Geo Journal, vol. 27, no. l, pp. 13-22.
20. Hardin, Garrett (1968) ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’, Science, vol. 162, pp. 1243-48.
21. HJP (Himalayan Jungle Project) (1993a) ‘Forest Management Planning’, Islamabad: Himalayan Jungle Project (mimeo).
22. HJP (Himalayan Jungle Project) (1993b) ‘Forestry and Conservation in the Palas Valley’ (Biodiversity importance of Palas), Islamabad: Himalayan Jungle Project (mimeo).
23. HJP (Himalayan Jungle Project) (n.d.) ‘Natural Resource Management (Annex 3)’. Islamabad, Himalayan Jungle Project (mimeo).
24. Ilyas, Mohammad (1992) ‘The Root Cause’, Herald, (October), pp. 35-36.
25. Ismael, Mohammad (1994) ‘Afghan Forestry’. In Asian Study Group, The Destruction of the Forests and Wooden Architecture of Eastern Afghani­stan and Northern Pakistan: Nuristan to Baltistan, Islamabad: Asian Study Group, pp. 16-22.
26. IUCN (1993) The Way Ahead: IUCN's Programme in Pakistan for the Triennium 1994-96, Karachi: The World Conservation Union.
27. Jan, Abeed Ulla (1990) ‘A Case Study of Forest Harvesting Systems in Mountain Forests of Pakistan’, Islamabad, unpublished report.
28. Jan, Abeed Ulla (1993) Forest Policy: Administration and Management in Pakistan, Islamabad: Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development and GOP-USAID Forestry Planning and Develop­ment Project.
29. Jungle (1993) ‘Forest and Wooden Architecture: The Trail of Destruction from Nooristan to Baltistan’, Jungle - Forestry Extension Network Newsletter, vol. 1, no. 2.
30. Keiser, Lincoln (1991) Friend by Day, Enemy by Night. Organized Vengeance in a Kohistani Community, Fort Worth: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc.
31. Khan, Amir, D.A. Garner, and C.M. Conner (1993) ‘Feasibility of GIS as a Regional Planning Tool for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Kurram and Orakzai Agencies of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)’, Pakistan Journal of Geography, vol. 3 (June- December), pp. 1-18.
32. Khattak, Ghaus M. (1976a) ‘History of Forest Management (I)’, Pakistan Journal of Forestry, April, pp. 105-16.
33. Khattak, Ghaus M. (1976b) ‘History of Forest Management in Pakistan (II): Temperate and Coniferous Forests’, Pakistan Journal of Forestry, July, pp. 163-70.
34. Khattak, Ghaus M. (1994) ‘Strategy for Sustainable Development of Forestry in NWFP’, Peshawar: IUCN-SPCS (Draft), 42 pp.
35. KIDP (Kalam Integrated Development Project) (1988) ‘Background Information on Kalam Tehsil, Malakand Division, NWFP, Pakistan’, Kalam and Zurich: Geographisches Institut, Universitat Zurich and Kalam Integrated Development Project.
36. Knudsen, Are J. (1995) ‘Forestry Management in Pakistan: Failed Policies or Local Mismanagement?’, Bergen: Report to the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs’s ‘North-South Research Programme’.
37. Masud-ul-Mulk (1994) ‘Managing Forests in Chitral’. In Asian Study Group, The Destruction of the Forests and Wooden Architecture of Eastern Afghanistan and Northern Pakistan: Nuristan to Baltistan, Islamabad: Asian Study Group, pp. 51-55.
38. McCay, Bonnie J. and James M. Acheson (eds) (1987) The Question of the Commons: The Culture and Ecology of Communal Resources, Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press.
39. McKean, Margareth and Elinor Ostrom (1995) ‘Common Property Regimes in the Forest: Just a Relic from the Past?’, Unasylva, vol. 46, no. 180, pp. 3-14.
40. Minissale, Gregory (1991) ‘Plunder in the Hills’, Herald, February, pp. 81-86.
41. Mumtaz, Khawar (1989) ‘Pakistan’s Environment: A Historical Perspective’. In K. Mumtaz and Abidi-Habib (eds), Pakistan’s Environment: A Historical Perspective and Selected Bibliography with Annotations, Karachi: JRC and IUCN.
42. Mushtaq, Muhammad (1989) Revised Working Plan for Palas Forests of Kohistan Forest Division (1988-89 to 2002-03), Peshawar: NWFP Forestry Pre-Investment Centre.
43. Nasar, Anita D. (1995) ‘Into the Woodwork’, The Way Ahead - Pakistan’s Environment and Development Quarterly, September, pp. 6-7.
44. NCS (1992) The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy, Karachi: Govern­ment of Pakistan, Environment and Urban Division in Collaboration with the IUCN - The World Conservation Union.
45. The News (1992) ‘Tribals Clash over Ownership to Forest’, December 14.
46. The News (1992) ‘Heated Debate in NWFP PA on Forest Co-operatives, Deforestation’, December 16.
47. The News (1994) ‘Kaghan Valley Rises to Fight Illegal Logging’, November 1.
48. Nuristani, Yusuf (1994) ‘Traditional Use of Nuristani Forests’. In Asian Study Group. The Destruction of the Forests and Wooden Architecture of Eastern Afghanistan and Northern Pakistan: Nuristan to Baltistan, Islamabad: Asian Study Group, pp. 25-31.
49. PFI (Pakistan Forest Institute) (1992) Forestry Statistics of Pakistan, Peshawar: Pakistan Forest Institute.
50. Prime Minister’s Directive (1993) ‘Action Plan regarding Management and Malpractices in Forest Cooperative Societies in Hazara Division and Forests in General in Pakistan’, September 30.
51. Rathjens, Carl (1974) ‘Die Walder von Nuristan and Paktia: Standort- bedingungen und Nutzung der ostafghanischen Waldgebiete’, Geographische Zeitschrift, vol. 62, pp. 295-311.
52. Schickhoff, Udo (1993a) ‘Interrelations between Ecological and Socio­economic Change: The Case of the High Altitude Forests in the Northern Areas of Pakistan’, Pakistan Journal of Geography, vol. 3 (June), pp. 59-70.
53. Schickhoff, Udo (1993b) Das Kaghan-Tal im Westhimalaya (Pakistan), Bonner Geo­graphische Abhandlungen, Bonn: F. Dummlers Verlag.
54. Schickhoff, Udo (1995a) ‘Himalayan Forest-Cover Changes in Historical Perspective: A Case Study from the Kaghan Valley, Northern Pakistan’, Mountain Research and Development, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 3-18.
55. Schickhoff, Udo (1995b) ‘Verbreitung, Nutzung und Zerstorung der Hohenwalder im Karakorum und in angrenzenden Hochgebirgsraumen Nordpakistans’, Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, vol. 139, no. 2, pp. 67-85.
56. SDPI (Sustainable Development Policy Institute) (1995) Nature, Power, People: Citizens’ Report on Sustainable Development, 1995, Islamabad: Sustainable Development Policy Institute.
57. SPCS (1996) Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy, Peshawar: IUCN - The World Conservation Union.
58. SUNGI (1995) Mit-thay Huay Sayey [Vanishing Shadows], Abbottabad: Video film produced with support of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation.
59. Swati, Muhammad K. and Muhammad A. Cheema (1991) ‘Outturn Volume of Chir Pine in Guzara Forests of District Mansehra’, Pakistan Journal of Forestry, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 94-101.
60. Treacy, Mark (1994) ‘The Timber Harvesting Ban and Its Implications: Points for Discussion’. In Asian Study Group, The Destruction of the Forests and Wooden Architecture of Eastern Afghanistan and Northern Pakistan: Nuristan to Baltistan, Islamabad: Asian Study Group, pp. 3-10.
61. Tucker, Richard P. (1982) ‘The Forests of the Western Himalayas: The Legacy of British Colonial Administration’, Journal of Forest History, July, pp. 112-23.
62. Tucker, Richard P. (1984) ‘The Historical Context of Social Forestry in the Kumaon Himalayas’, Journal of Developing Areas, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 341-56.
63. Tucker, Richard P. (1987) ‘Dimensions of Deforestation in the Himalayas: The Historical Setting’, Mountain Research and Development, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 328-31.
64. Tucker, Richard P. (1988) ‘The British Empire and India’s Forest Resources: The Timberlands of Assam and Kumaon, 1914-1950’. In J.F. Richards and R.P. Tucker (eds), World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century, Durham: Duke University Press, pp. 91-111.
65. Usui, Shunji (1994) ‘Opportunities for Conservation and Develop­ment through Evaluation of Forests: A Case Study in Western Himalayas’, MSc. thesis, Edinburgh: Scottish Agricultural College.
66. Yusufzai, Rahimullah (1992) ‘The Timber Mafia’, Newsline, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 126-30.