Tibetan and Indian ideas of birth pollution: Similarities and contrasts

The Daughters of Hāritī: Childbirth and Female Healers in South and Southeast Asia

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 182-208

  Rozario, Santi ^a   Samuel, Geoffrey ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85140104628     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203220214-17     Document Type: Chapter

References (58)

1. Agnipurå A. 1967. Agni Puranam, second edition. Translated by Manmatha Nath Dutt. Varanasi Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office (Chowkhamba Sanskrit stud-ies v. 54).
2. Agnipurå A. 1984–87. The Agni Purana. Translated by Natesa Gangadharan. 4 vols. Delhi: Narendra Prakash Jain (English Puranas, 27, 28, 29, 30).
3. Ahmad, A. 1969. An Intellectual History of Islam in India. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
4. Apffel-Marglin, F. (F.A. Marglin.) 1985. Introduction. In Purity and Auspiciousness in Indian Society, edited by J.B. Carman and F. Apffel-Marglin. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
5. Apffel-Marglin, F. 1994. The sacred groves: Menstruation rituals in rural Orissa. Manushi 82 (May–June 1994): 22–32.
6. Appadurai, A. 1986. Review article: Is homo hierarchicus? American Ethnologist 13: 745–61.
7. Auboyer, J. and M.-T. de Mallmann. 1950. Ç⁄talå-la-froide: Déesse indienne de la petite vérole. Artibus Asiae 13: 207–27.
8. Bhattacharya, R.K. 1973. The concept and ideology of caste among the Muslims of rural West Bengal. In Caste and Social Stratification Among Muslims in India, edited by Imtiaz Ahmed. Delhi: Manohar Book Service.
9. Blanchet, T. 1984. Women, Pollution and Marginality: Meanings and Rituals of Birth in Rural Bangladesh. Dhaka: University Press.
10. Cameron, M.M. 1998. On the Edge of the Auspicious: Gender and Caste in Nepal. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
11. Chawla, J. 1994. Child-bearing and Culture, Women Centered Revisioning of the Traditional Midwife: The Dai as a Ritual Practitioner. New Delhi: Indian Social Institute.
12. Connor, L. 1996. Underdetermining the empirical ground of therapy regimens among Tibetan refugee patients. Paper for the international research workshop on Healing Powers and Modernity in Asian Societies. Faculty of Arts and Social Science, University of Newcastle, Australia, December 1996.
13. Connor, L., K. Monro and E. McIntyre. 1996. Healing resources in Tibetan settle-ments in North India. Asian Studies Review 20 (1): 108–18.
14. Daniels, C.M. 1994. Defilement and purification: Tibetan Buddhist pilgrims at Bodhnath, Nepal. D.Phil. thesis, University of Oxford. Faculty of Anthropology and Geography.
15. Das, V. 1987. Structure and Cognition: Aspects of Hindu Caste and Ritual, second edition. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
16. Day, The Rev. L.B. 1906. Bengal Peasant Life. London: Macmillan.
17. Diemberger, H. 1993. Blood, sperm, soul and the mountain: Gender relations, kinship and cosmovision among the Khumbo (N. E. Nepal). In Gendered Anthropology, edited by T. del Valle. London and New York: Routledge.
18. Dimock, E.C., Jr. 1961. The goddess of snakes in medieval Bengali literature. History of Religions 1: 307–21. (Reprinted in E.C. Dimock, Jr., The Sound of Silent Guns and Other Essays. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1989.)
19. Dimock, E.C., Jr. 1963. The Thief of Love: Bengali Tales from Court and Village. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
20. Dimock, E.C., Jr. 1986. A theology of the repulsive: The myth of the goddess Ç⁄talå. In The Divine Consort: Rådhå and the Goddesses of India, edited by J.S. Hawley and D.M. Wulff. Boston: Beacon Press. (Reprinted in E.C. Dimock, Jr., The Sound of Silent Guns and Other Essays. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1989.)
21. Donner, H. 2001. The place of birth: Pregnancy, childbearing and kinship in Calcutta middleclass families. Unpublished paper.
22. Dumont, L. 1972. Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and its Implications. London: Paladin.
23. Freed, R. and S.A. Freed. 1980. Rites of Passage in Shanti Nagar. Volume 56: Part 3, New York: Anthropological Papers of The American Museum of Natural History.
24. Freed, R. 1998. Hindu Festivals in a North Indian Village. No. 81, New York: Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History.
25. Fruzzetti, L.M. 1981. Muslim rituals: Household rites vs. public festivals in rural India. In Ritual and Religion Among Muslims in India, edited by I. Ahmed. Delhi: Manohar.
26. Gadon, E.W. 1997. The Hindu goddess Shasthi: Protector of women and children. In From the Realm of the Ancestors: An Anthology in Honor of Marija Gimbutas, edited by J. Marler. Manchester, CT: Knowledge, Ideas and Trends, Inc.
27. Grierson, G.A. (ed.). 1885. Bihår Peasant Life. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat.
28. Huber, T. 1999. The Cult of Pure Crystal Mountain: Popular Pilgrimage and Visionary Landscape in Southeast Tibet. New York: Oxford University Press.
29. Jeffery, P., R. Jeffery and A. Lyon. 1989. Labour Pains and Labour Power: Women and Childbearing in India. London and New Jersey: Zed Books Ltd.
30. Khare, R.S. 1976. The Hindu Hearth and Home. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House
31. Kirat, J. 1980. The Sherpas. In Traditional and Prevailing Child-rearing Practices among Different Communities in Nepal, edited by S. Paneru. Kirtipur, Nepal: Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies, Tribhuvan University.
32. Laderman, C. 1983. Wives and Midwives: Childbirth and Nutrition in Rural Malaysia. Berkeley: University of California Press.
33. Leppard, M. 1997. Embodied understanding: Birthing in a Bangladeshi district hospital. Paper for the South Asian Anthropologists’ Group Meeting, London, September 1997.
34. Leslie, J. 1996. Menstruation myths. In Myth and Mythmaking, edited by J. Leslie. London: Curzon.
35. Madan, T.N. 1987. Non-renunciation: Themes and Interpretations of Hindu Culture. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
36. Maiden, A.H. and E. Farwell. 1997. The Tibetan Art of Parenting: From Before Conception through Early Childhood. Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications.
37. Minturn, L. and Hitchcock, J.T. 1966. The Rajputs of Khalapur, India. New York, London and Sydney: John Wiley and Sons.
38. Monro, K.S. 1999. Tibetan mothers in India: Medical pluralism and cultural identity. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Newcastle, New South Wales.
39. Norberg-Hodge, H., with H. Russell. 1994. Birth and child rearing in Zangskar. In Himalayan Buddhist Villages: Environment, Resources, Society and Religious Life in Zangskar, Ladakh, edited by J. Crook and H. Osmaston. Bristol: University of Bristol.
40. Patel, T. 1994. Fertility Behaviour: Population and Society in a Rajasthan Village. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
41. Pinto, S. 1999. Pregnancy and childbirth in Tibetan culture. In Buddhist Women across Cultures, edited by K.L. Tsomo. Albany: State University of New York.
42. Rozario, S. 1992. Purity and Communal Boundaries: Women and Social Change in a Bangladeshi Village. London: Zed Books; Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
43. Rozario, S. 1995a. Dai and midwives: The renegotiation of the status of birth attendants in contemporary Bangladesh. In The Female Client and the Health-care Provider, edited by J. Hatcher and C. Vlassoff. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Books.
44. Rozario, S. 1995b. TBAs (Traditional Birth Attendants) and birth in Bangladeshi villages: Cultural and sociological factors. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 50 (Supp. No. 2): 145–52.
45. Rozario, S. 1996. Indian medicine, drib, and the politics of identity in a Tibetan refugee set-tlement in North India. Presented at the International Workshop on Healing Powers and Modernity in Asia, held at Newcastle University. Revised Version at Australian Anthropological Society Conference, October 1998.
46. Rozario, S. 1998. The Dai and the doctor: Discourses on women’s reproductive health in rural Bangladesh. In Modernities and Maternities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific, edited by K. Ram and M. Jolly. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
47. Sagaster, U. 1989. Die Baltis: Ein Bergvolk im Norden Pakistans. Frankfurt am Main, Museum für Völkerkunde.
48. Samanta, S. 1992. Maπgalmay⁄må, sumaπgalå, maπgal: Bengali perceptions of the divine feminine, motherhood and ‘auspiciousness’. Contributions to Indian Sociology (NS) 26: 51–75.
49. Samuel, G. 1993. Civilized Shamans: Buddhism in Tibetan Societies. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
50. Samuel, G. 1997. Women, goddesses and auspiciousness in South Asia. Journal of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies 4 (November 1997): 1–23.
51. Samuel, G. 1999. Religion, health and suffering among contemporary Tibetans. In Religion, Health and Suffering, edited by J.R. Hinnells and R. Porter. London and New York: Kegan Paul International.
52. Samuel, G. 2001. Tibetan medicine in contemporary India: Theory and practice. In Healing Powers and Modernity, edited by L.H. Connor and G. Samuel. New York: Greenwood Press.
53. Schicklgruber, C. 1992. Grib: On the significance of the term in a socio-religious con-text. In Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the 5th International Association of Tibetan Studies Seminar, vol. 2, edited by S. Ihara and Z. Yamaguchi. Narita, Japan: Naritasan Institute for Buddhist Studies.
54. Searle-Chatterjee, M. and U. Sharma (eds). 1994. Contextualising Caste: Post-Dumontian Approaches. Oxford and Cambridge, MA: Blackwells. (Sociological Review Monograph Series, 41.)
55. Sen, S. 1953. Vipradåsa’s Manaså-Vijaya. A fifteenth-century Bengali text edited with a summarised translation, notes and glossary and with an introduction on the lit-erature, myth and cults relating to Manaså. Calcutta: Asiatic Society.
56. Unnithan, M (Unnithan-Kumar). 1999a. Women’s agency and reproductive health in Jaipur District, Rajasthan. Paper for Fertility and Reproduction Seminar, Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Oxford, May 1999.
57. Unnithan, M (Unnithan-Kumar). 1999b. Households, kinship and access to reproductive healthcare among rural Muslim women in Jaipur. Economic and Political Weekly 6–13 March, Bombay: Hitkari House.
58. Ward, The Rev. W. 1863. A View of the History, Literature, and Religion of the Hindoos: Including a Minute Description of their Manners and Customs..., fifth edition. Madras: J. Higginbotham.