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1
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85180999373
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There was a third condition in this study. The learners were also asked to tell the story they had previously written (after their written texts had been removed). This condition, however, is more relevant to the role of strategic than on-line planning and thus will not be considered here
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There was a third condition in this study. The learners were also asked to tell the story they had previously written (after their written texts had been removed). This condition, however, is more relevant to the role of strategic than on-line planning and thus will not be considered here.
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2
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85180983770
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This discussion of interlanguage variability has been limited to the role of planning time. It is not meant to suggest that planning time is the only factor determining variability in L2 performance. Preston provides a clear account of the various other sources of IL variability, highlighting the importance of linguistic context
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This discussion of interlanguage variability has been limited to the role of planning time. It is not meant to suggest that planning time is the only factor determining variability in L2 performance. Preston (1996) provides a clear account of the various other sources of IL variability, highlighting the importance of linguistic context.
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(1996)
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3
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85180962061
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Readers will note that whereas the same participants completed the oral task different groups of participants completed the written task. This is because the research was initially designed as two separate studies, one for speaking and the other for writing, and involved a third condition (strategic planning), not considered in the study reported in this chapter. However, as explained in the text, all three groups involved in this study were equivalent in learning background and proficiency. Thus, there are obvious grounds for believing that the two groups who completed the writing task were not equivalent. We acknowledge, however, that ensuring that all the tasks were completed by the same participants would have resulted in a stronger design
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Readers will note that whereas the same participants completed the oral task different groups of participants completed the written task. This is because the research was initially designed as two separate studies, one for speaking and the other for writing, and involved a third condition (strategic planning), not considered in the study reported in this chapter. However, as explained in the text, all three groups involved in this study were equivalent in learning background and proficiency. Thus, there are no obvious grounds for believing that the two groups who completed the writing task were not equivalent. We acknowledge, however, that ensuring that all the tasks were completed by the same participants would have resulted in a stronger design.
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4
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85181042183
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The Higher Education Bureau Examination is an oral English examination which all students wishing to take English as a major at a Chinese university must take. The examination consists of simple questions and answers, an oral composition on an unseen topic and a story retelling
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The Higher Education Bureau Examination is an oral English examination which all students wishing to take English as a major at a Chinese university must take. The examination consists of simple questions and answers, an oral composition on an unseen topic and a story retelling.
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