Liver Chemistry and Function Tests

Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease- 2 Volume Set: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management, Expert Consult Premium Edition - Enhanced Online Features and Print

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1227-1237

  Pratt, Daniel S ^a,b  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85124865921     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4160-6189-2.00073-1     Document Type: Chapter

References (84)

1. Addario L., Scaglione G., Tritto G., et al. Prognostic value of quantitative liver function tests in viral cirrhosis: A prospective study Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 18 2006 713-720(Ref 54.)
2. Bellest L., Eschwege V., Poupon R., et al. A modified international normalized ratio as an effective way of prothrombin time standardization in hepatology Hepatology 46 2007 528-534(Ref 36.)
3. Friedrich-Rust M., Martens S., Sarrazin C., et al. Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: A meta-analysis Gastroenterology 134 2008 960-974(Ref 46.)
4. Kamath PS., Kim WR The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Hepatology 45 2007 797-805(Ref 65.)
5. Kaneda H., Hashimoto E., Yatsuji S., et al. Hyaluronic acid levels can predict severe fibrosis and platelet counts can predict cirrhosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease J Gastroenterol Hepatol 21 2006 1459-1465(Ref 39.)
6. Kaplan M Alkaline phosphatase Gastroenterology 62 1972 452-468(Ref 21.)
7. Kim HC., Nam CM., Jee SH., et al. Normal serum aminotransferase concentration and risk of mortality from liver diseases: Prospective cohort study BMJ 328 2004 983(Ref 13.)
8. Kunde SS., Lazenby AJ., Clements RH., et al. Spectrum of NAFLD and diagnostic implications of the proposed new normal range for serum ALT in obese women Hepatology 42 2005 650-656(Ref 15.)
9. Lee WM Drug-induced hepatotoxicity N Engl J Med 349 2003 474-485(Ref 59.)
10. Mansour A., Watson W., Shayani V., et al. Abdominal operation in patients with cirrhosis: Still a major surgical challenge Surgery 122 1997 730-736(Ref 64.)
11. Nathwani RA., Pais S., Reynolds TB., et al. Serum alanine aminotransferase in skeletal muscle diseases Hepatology 41 2005 380-382(Ref 18.)
12. Poynard T., McHutchison J., Manns M., et al. Biochemical surrogate markers of liver fibrosis and activity in a randomized trial of peginterferon alpha-2b and ribavirin Hepatology 38 2003 481-492(Ref 41.)
13. Prati D., Taioli E., Zanella A., et al. Updated definitions of healthy ranges for serum alanine aminotranferase levels Ann Intern Med 137 2002 1-10(Ref 12.)
14. Tripodi A., Chantarangkul V., Prirnignani M., et al. The international normalized ratio calibrated for cirrhosis normalizes prothrombin time results for model for end-stage liver disease calculation Hepatology 46 2007 520-527(Ref 37.)
15. Wiesner R., Edwards E., Freeman R., et al. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers Gastroenterology 124 2003 91-96(Ref 69.)
16. Lester R., Schmid R Bilirubin metabolism N Engl J Med 270 1964 779-786.
17. Levi AJ., Gatmaitan Z., Arias IM Two hepatic cytoplasmic protein fractions, Y and Z, and their possible role in the hepatic uptake of bilirubin sulfobromophthalein, and other anions J Clin Invest 48 1969 2156-2167.
18. Bosma PJ., Seppen J., Goldhoorn B., et al. Bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 is the only relevant bilirubin glucuronidating isoform in man J Biol Chem 269 1994 17960-17964.
19. Gatmaitan ZC., Arias IM ATP-dependent transport systems in the canalicular membrane of the hepatocyte Physiol Rev 75 1995 261-275.
20. Poland RL., Odell GB Physiologic jaundice: The enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin N Engl J Med 284 1971 1-6.
21. van den Bergh AA., Muller P Uber eine direkte und eine indirekte Diazoreaktion auf Bilirubin Biochem Z 77 1916 90.
22. Zieve L., Hill E., Hanson M., et al. Normal and abnormal variations and clinical significance of the one-minute and total serum bilirubin determinations J Lab Clin Med 38 1951 446-469.
23. Bloomer JR., Berk PD., Howe RB., et al. Interpretation of plasma bilirubin levels based on studies with radioactive bilirubin JAMA 218 1971 216-220.
24. Karmen A., Wroblewski F., Ladue JS Transaminase activity in human blood JCI 34 1955 126-131.
25. Kallai L., Hahn A., Roeder V., et al. Correlation between histological findings and transaminase values in chronic diseases of the liver Acta Medica Scandinavica 175 1964 49-56.
26. Piton A., Poynard T., Imbert-Bismut F., et al. Factors associated with serum alanine transaminase activity in healthy subjects: Consequences for the definition of normal values, for selection of blood donors, and for patients with chronic hepatitis C Hepatology 27 1998 1213-1219.
27. Prati D., Taioli E., Zanella A., et al. Updated definitions of healthy ranges for serum alanine aminotranferase levels Ann Intern Med 137 2002 1-10.
28. Kim HC., Nam CM., Jee SH., et al. Normal serum aminotransferase concentration and risk of mortality from liver diseases: Prospective cohort study BMJ 328 2004 983.
29. Kaplan MM Alanine aminotransferase levels: What’s normal? Ann Intern Med 137 2002 49-51.
30. Kunde SS., Lazenby AJ., Clements RH., et al. Spectrum of NAFLD and diagnostic implications of the proposed new normal range for serum ALT in obese women Hepatology 42 2005 650-656.
31. Cohen JA., Kaplan MM The SGOT/SGPT ratio: An indicator of alcoholic liver disease Dig Dis Sci 24 1979 835-838.
32. Diehl AM., Boitnott J., Van Duyn MA., et al. Relationship between pyridoxal 5′-phosphate deficiency and aminotransferase levels in alcoholic hepatitis Gastroenterology 86 1984 632-636.
33. Nathwani RA., Pais S., Reynolds TB., et al. Serum alanine aminotransferase in skeletal muscle diseases Hepatology 41 2005 380-382.
34. Sheth SG., Flamm SL., Gordon FD., et al. AST/ALT ratio predicts cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection Am J Gastroenterol 93 1998 44-48.
35. Giannini E., Botta F., Fasoli A., et al. Progressive liver functional impairment is associated with an increase in AST/ALT ratio Dig Dis Sci 44 1999 1249-1253.
36. Kaplan M Alkaline phosphatase Gastroenterology 62 1972 452-468.
37. Kaplan MM Serum alkaline phosphatase: Another piece is added to the puzzle Hepatology 6 1986 526.
38. Bamford KF., Harris H., Luffman J., et al. Serum-alkaline phosphatase and the ABO blood groups Lancet 1 1965 530-531.
39. Wolf PL Clinical significance of an increased or decreased serum alkaline phosphatase level Arch Pathol Lab Med 102 1978 497-501.
40. Rutenberg AM., Goldbarg JA., Pineda GP., et al. Serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in hepatobiliary pancreatic disease Gastroenterology 45 1963 43.
41. Rosalki SB., Tarlow D., Rau D Plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase elevation in patients receiving enzyme-inducing drugs Lancet 2 1971 376-377.
42. Bani-Sadr F., Miailhes P., Rosenthal E., et al. Risk factors for grade 3 or 4 gamma-glutamyl transferase elevation in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients AIDS 22 2008 1234-1236.
43. Moussavian SN., Becker RC., Piepmeyer JL., et al. Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and chronic alcoholism: Influence of alcohol ingestion and liver disease Dig Dis Sci 30 1985 211-214.
44. Hu G., Tuomilehto J., Pukkala E., et al. Joint effects of coffee consumption and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase on the risk of liver cancer Hepatology 48 2008 7-9.
45. Yang MH., Chen TH., Wang SE., et al. Biochemical predictors for absence of common bile duct stones in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy Surg Endosc 22 2008 1620-1624.
46. Kaplan MM., Rogers L Separation of serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Lancet 2 1968 1029-1031.
47. Rothschild MA., Oratz M., Zimmon D., et al. Albumin synthesis in cirrhotic subjects studied with carbonate 14C J Clin Invest 48 1969 344-350.
48. Rothschild MA., Oratz M., Schreiber SS Serum albumin Hepatology 8 1988 385-401.
49. van Zantsen SJO., Depla ACTM., Dekker PC., et al. The clinical importance of routine measurement of liver enzymes, total protein, and albumin in a general medicine outpatient clinic: A prospective study N Engl J Med 40 1992 53-61.
50. Trotter JF., Brimhall B., Arjal R Specific laboratory methodologies achieve higher model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores for patients listed liver transplantation Liver Transpl 10 2004 995-1000.
51. Bellest L., Eschwege V., Poupon R., et al. A modified international normalized ratio as an effective way of prothrombin time standardization in hepatology Hepatology 46 2007 528-534.
52. Tripodi A., Chantarangkul V., Prirnignani M., et al. The international normalized ratio calibrated for cirrhosis normalizes prothrombin time results for model for end-stage liver disease calculation Hepatology 46 2007 520-527.
53. Plevris JN., Kaydon GH., Simpson KJ., et al. Serum hyaluronan: A non-invasive test for diagnosing liver cirrhosis Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12 2000 1121-1127.
54. Kaneda H., Hashimoto E., Yatsuji S., et al. Hyaluronic acid levels can predict severe fibrosis and platelet counts can predict cirrhosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease J Gastroenterol Hepatol 21 2006 1459-1465.
55. Mizguchi T., Katsuramaki T., Nobuoka T., et al. Serum hyaluronate level for predicting subclinical liver dysfunction after hepatectomy World J Surg 28 2004 971-976.
56. Poynard T., McHutchison J., Manns M., et al. Biochemical surrogate markers of liver fibrosis and activity in a randomized trial of peginterferon alpha-2b and ribavirin Hepatology 38 2003 481-492.
57. Berends MA., Snoek J., de Jong EM., et al. Biochemical and biophysical assessment of MTX-induced liver fibrosis in psoriasis patients Liver Int 27 2007 639-645.
58. Zaman A., Rosen HR., Ingram K., et al. Assessment of FIBROSpect II to detect hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients Am J Med 280 2007 e9-14.
59. Sandrin L., Fourquet B., Hasquenoph JM., et al. Transient elastography: A new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic fibrosis Ultrasound Med Biol 29 2003 1705-1713.
60. Nguyen-Khac E., Capron D Noninvasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis by ultrasonic transient elastography (Fibroscan) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 18 2006 1321-1325.
61. Friedrich-Rust M., Martens S., Sarrazin C., et al. Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: A meta-analysis Gastroenterology 134 2008 960-974.
62. Yoneda M., Mawatari H., Fujita K., et al. Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Dig Liver Dis 40 2008 371-378.
63. Adhoute X., Foucher J., Laharie D., et al. Diagnosis of liver fibrosis using FibroScan and other noninvasive methods in patients with hemochromatosis: A prospective study Gastroenterol Clin Biol 32 2008 180-187.
64. Rigamonti C., Donato MF., Fraquelli M., et al. Transient elastography predicts fibrosis progression in patients with recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation Gut 576 2008 821-827.
65. Gomez-Dominguez E., Mendoza J., Garcia-Buey L., et al. Transient elastography to assess hepatic fibrosis in primary biliary cirrhosis Aliment Pharmacol Ther 27 2008 441-447.
66. Huwart L., Sempoux C., Vicaut E., et al. Magnetic resonance elastography for the noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis Gastroenterology 135 2008 32-40.
67. Jost G., Wahllander A., von Mandach U., et al. Overnight salivary caffeine clearance: A liver function test suitable for routine use Hepatology 7 1987 338-344.
68. Oellerich M., Armstrong VW The MEGX test: A tool for the real-time assessment of hepatic function Ther Drug Monit 23 2001 81-92.
69. Addario L., Scaglione G., Tritto G., et al. Prognostic value of quantitative liver function tests in viral cirrhosis: A prospective study Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 18 2006 713-720.
70. Shiffman M., Luketic VA., Sanyal AJ., et al. Hepatic lidocaine metabolism and liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis Hepatology 19 1994 933-940.
71. Carlisle R., Galambos JT., Warren WD The relationship between conventional liver tests, quantitative function tests, and histopathology in cirrhosis Dig Dis Sci 24 1979 358-362.
72. Monroe PS., Baker AL., Schneider JF., et al. The aminopyrine breath test and serum bile acids reflect histologic severity in chronic hepatitis Hepatology 2 1982 317-322.
73. Einarsson K., Angelin B., Bjorkhem I., et al. The diagnostic value of fasting individual serum bile acids in anicteric alcoholic liver disease: Relation to liver morphology Hepatology 5 1985 108-111.
74. Lee WM Drug-induced hepatotoxicity N Engl J Med 349 2003 474-485.
75. O’Grady J., Alexander G., Hayllar K., et al. Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure Gastroenterology 97 1989 439-445.
76. Maddrey WC Drug-induced hepatotoxicity J Clin Gastroenterol 39 2005 S83-S89.
77. Powell-Jackson P., Greenway B., William R Adverse effects of laparotomy in patients with unsuspected liver disease Br J Surg 69 1982 449-451.
78. Garrison RN., Cryer HM., Howard DA., et al. Clarification of risk factors for abdominal operations in patients with hepatic cirrhosis Ann Surg 199 1984 648-655.
79. Mansour A., Watson W., Shayani V., et al. Abdominal operation in patients with cirrhosis: Still a major surgical challenge Surgery 122 1997 730-736.
80. Kamath PS., Kim WR The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Hepatology 45 2007 797-805.
81. Teh SH., Christein J., Donohue J., et al. Hepatic resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: Model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score predicts perioperative mortality J Gastrointest Surg 9 2005 1207-1215.
82. Seaman A., Barnes DS., Zein NN., et al. Predicting outcome after cardiac surgery in patients with cirrhosis: A comparison of Child-Pugh and MELD score Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2 2004 719-723.
83. Northup PG., Wanamaker RC., Lee VD., et al. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) predicts non-transplant surgical mortality in patients with cirrhosis Ann Surg 242 2005 244-251.
84. Wiesner R., Edwards E., Freeman R., et al. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers Gastroenterology 124 2003 91-96.