Polar Tourism: An Environmental Perspective

Polar Tourism: An Environmental Perspective

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-217

  Stonehouse, Bernard ^a   Snyder, John M ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85124865626     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (188)

1. ACIA (2004) Impacts of a Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2. Alaska Native Council (1995-2005) Alaska Native Journeys. Anchorage, AK:Alaska Native Council.
3. Alberts, F.G. (1995) Geographic Names of the Antarctic. Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation.
4. Amberger, R.L. (2003) Living cultures _ living parks in Alaska: Considering the reconnection of native peoples to their cultural landscapes in parks and protected areas. In A.E. Watson and J. Sproull (eds) Science and Stewardship to Protect and Sustain Wilderness Values: Seventh World Wilderness Congress Symposium. Proceedings. RMRS-P-27, USDA. Ogden, UT: Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
5. Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment 2009 Report, Arctic Council, April 2009.
6. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (1998) AMAP Assessment Report:Pollution Issues. Oslo: AMAP.
7. Basberg, B. (2004) The Shore Whaling Stations at South Georgia: A Study in Antarctic Industrial Archaeology. Oslo: Novus Forlag.
8. Bauer, T. (2007) Antarctic scenic overflights. In J. Snyder and B. Stonehouse (eds) Prospects for Polar Tourism (pp. 188-197). Wallingford: CABI.
9. Beaglehole, J.C. (1974) The Life of Captain James Cook. London: A&C Black.
10. Beltramino, J.C.M. (1993) The Structure and Dynamics of Antarctic Populations. New York. Vantage Press.
11. Bertram, E. (2005) Tourists, gateway ports and the regulation of shipborne tourism in wilderness regions: The case of Antarctica. Unpublished PhD thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London.
12. Bertram, E. (2007) Antarctic shipborne tourism: An expanding industry. In J. Snyder and B. Stonehouse (eds) Prospects for Polar Tourism (pp. 149-169). Wallingford: CABI.
13. Bertram, E. and Stonehouse, B. (2007) Tourism management for Antarctica. In J. Snyder and B. Stonehouse (eds) Prospects for Polar Tourism (pp. 285-309). Wallingford: CABI.
14. Bertram, E., Gunn, C. and Stonehouse, B. (2008) The cruise of MS Golden Princess in Antarctic waters, January 2007. Polar Record 44 (229), 177-180.
15. Bertram, E., Muir, S. and Stonehouse, B. (2007) Gateway ports in the development of Antarctic tourism. In J. Snyder and B. Stonehouse (eds) Prospects for Polar Tourism (pp. 123-146). Wallingford: CABI.
16. Blamey, R.K. (2001) Principles of ecotourism. In D.B. Weaver (ed.) The Encyclopaedia of Ecotourism (pp. 5-22). Wallingford: CABI.
17. Blanchette, R.A., Held, B.W., Jurgens, J.A., Aislabie, J., Duncan, S. and Farrell, R.L. (2004) Environmental pollutants from the Scott and Shackleton expeditions during the ‘Heroic Age’ of Antarctic exploration. Polar Record 40 (213), 143-151.
18. Boczec, B.A. (1988) The legal status of visitors, including tourists, and nongovernmental expedition in Antarctica. In R. Wulfrum (ed.) Antarctic Challenge III (pp. 455-490). Berlin: Dunker and Humbolt.
19. Bogen, H.S.I. (1957) Main Events in the History of Antarctic Exploration. Sandefjord:Norsk Hvalfangst Tidende.
20. Bogoyavlenskiy, D. and Siggner, A. (2004) Arctic demography. In N. Einarsson, J.N. Larsen, A. Nilsson and O.R. Young (eds) Arctic Human Development Report (pp. 27-41). Akureyri: Stefansson Arctic Institute.
21. Boo, E. (1990) Ecotourism: The Potentials and Pitfalls (2 vols). Washington, DC:World Wildlife Fund.
22. Brigham, L. and Ellis, B. (eds) (2004) Arctic Marine Transport Workshop 28-30 September 2004. Anchorage, AK: Institute of the North, US Arctic Research Commission.
23. Broadbent, N. (1992) Reclaiming US Antarctic history: The restoration of East Base, Stonington Island. Antarctic Journal of the United States 27 (2), 14-17.
24. Brodie, H. (1987) Living Arctic: Hunters of the Canadian North. London: Faber and Faber.
25. Buckley, R. (2001) Environmental impacts. In D.B. Weaver (ed.) The Encyclopaedia of Ecotourism (pp. 379-394). Wallingford: CABI.
26. Budke, I. (1999) Community-based tourism development in Nunavut, involving people and protecting places. In I. Budke and P.W. Williams (eds) On Route to Sustainability, Best Practices in Sustainable Tourism (pp. 39-47). Ottawa:Canadian Tourism Commission and the Centre for Tourism Policy and Research, Simon Fraser University.
27. Burroughs, J., Muir, J. et al. (1986) Alaska: The Harriman Expedition, 1899 (p. 383). New York: Dover Publications.
28. Butler, R.W. (1991) Tourism, environment and sustainable development. Environmental Conservation 18 (3), 201-209.
29. Butler, R.W. (1992) Alternative tourism: The thin end of the wedge. In V.L. Smith and W.R. Eadington (eds) Tourism Alternatives: Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism (pp. 31-46). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
30. Canadian Ice Service (2009) http://iceglaces.ec.gc.ca/App/WsvPageDsp.cfm?ID_11912&Lang_eng
31. Canadian Press (11/20/07) Inuit-owned cruise line introduces trip to Ellesmere Island _ Online document: Canadian Press, 11/20/07, http://www.cruise northexpeditions.com 2010
32. Cater, E. (1994) Introduction. In E. Cater and G. Lowman (eds) Ecotourism a Sustainable Option? (pp. 3-17). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
33. Cater, E. and Lowman, G. (1994) Ecotourism a Sustainable Option? New York:John Wiley & Sons.
34. Ceballos-Lascurain, H. (1987) The future of ecotourism. Mexico Journal January, 13-14.
35. Codling, R.J. (1982) Seaborne tourism in the Antarctic: An evaluation. Polar Record 21 (130), 3-10.
36. Codling, R.J. (1995) The precursors of tourism in the Antarctic. In C.M. Hall and M.E. Johnston (eds) Polar Tourism: Tourism in the Arctic and Antarctic Regions (pp. 167-177). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
37. Collis, S.M. (1890) A Woman’s Trip to Alaska, being an Account of a Voyage through the Inland Seas of the Sitkan Archipelago in 1890. New York: Cassell Publishing Co.
38. Conway, W.M. (1897) The First Crossing of Spitsbergen. London: Dent.
39. Cornwallis, G., Bender, A. and Swaney, D. (2002) Norway. Melbourne: Lonely Planet.
40. Cox, S.S. (1882) Arctic Sunbeams: Or from Broadway to the Bosphorus by way of the North Cape. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons.
41. Crosbie, K. (1998) Monitoring and management of tourist activities in the Maritime Antarctic. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.
42. Delgado, J.P. (1999) Across the Top of the World: The Quest for the Northwest Passage. New York: Checkmark Books.
43. Dent, C.T. (1892) The Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes _ Mountaineering. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
44. Dingwall, P.R., Fraser, C., Gregory, J.G. and Robertson, C.J.R. (1999) Enderby Settlement Diaries. Wellington: Wild Press and Wordsell Press.
45. Dodds, K. (1997) Geopolitics in Antarctica: Views from the Southern Oceanic Rim. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
46. Douglas, W.O. (1960) My Wilderness _ The Pacific Northwest. New York: Doubleday & Co.
47. Dressler, W.H., Berkes, F. and Mathias, H. (2001) Beluga hunters in a mixed economy: Managing the impacts of nature-based tourism in the Canadian western Arctic. Polar Record 37 (200), 35-48.
48. du Chaillu, P.B. (1881) The Land of the Midnight Sun _ Summer and Winter Journeys through Sweden, Norway, Lapland and Northern Finland (2 vols). New York:Harper & Brothers.
49. Dufferin, L. (1873) A Yacht Voyage Letters from High Latitudes: Being some Account of a Voyage, in 1856, in the Schooner Yacht Foam, to Iceland, Jan Mayen, and Spitzbergen. New York: Lovell, Adam, Wesson & Co.
50. Enzenbacher, D.J. (1992) Tourists in Antarctica: Numbers and trends. Polar Record 28 (164), 17-22.
51. Enzenbacher, D.J. (1995) The regulation of Antarctic tourism. In C.M. Hall and M.E. Johnston (eds) Polar Tourism; Tourism in the Arctic and Antarctic Regions (pp. 179-215). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
52. Feshbach, M. and Friendly, A. (1992) Ecocide in the USSR. Health and Nature under Siege. New York: Harper Collins.
53. Ford, J.D., Smit, B., Wandel, J. and MacDonald, J. (2006) Vulnerability to climate change in Iglook, Nunavut: What can we learn from the past and present. Polar Record 42 (221), 127-138.
54. Fraser, C. (1986) Beyond the Roaring Forties: New Zealand’s Subantarctic Islands. Wellington: Government Printing Office.
55. Frome, M. (1974) Battle for the Wilderness. New York: Praeger Publishers.
56. Fuchs, V.E. (1982) Of Ice and Men. Oswestry: Anthony Nelson.
57. General Accounting Office (2000 et. seq.) Marine Pollution: Progress made to Reduce Marine Pollution by Cruise Ships, but Important Issues Remain. Washington, DC:General Accounting Office.
58. Goldman, M.I. (1972) Environmental Pollution in the Soviet Union: The Spoils of Progress. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
59. Gorman, B. (2005) Future of Canadian Arctic shipping. In L. Brigham and B. Ellis (eds) Arctic Marine Transport Workshop 28-30 September 2004 (A-6). Anchorage, AK: Institute of the North.
60. Greenland Tourism & Business Board (2006 et. seq.) Annual Report _ Greenland Port Statistics for 2006. Greenland: Nuuk.
61. Griffiths and Young (1991) Sustainable development in the Arctic. In Challenges of a Changing World: Festschrift to Willy Østreng (pp. 33-53). Polhøgda: Fridtjof Nansen Institute.
62. Haase, D., Stoney, B. Mcintosh, A., Carr, A. and Gilbert, N. (2007) Stakeholder perspectives on regulatory aspects of Antarctic tourism. Tourism in Marine Environment 4 (2-3), 167-183.
63. Haase, D., Lamers, M. and Amelung, B. (2009) Heading into uncharted territory? Explosing the institutional robustness of self-regulation in the Antarctic tourism sector. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 17 (4), 411-430.
64. Haber, E. (1986) Flora of the circumpolar Arctic. In B. Sage (ed.) The Arctic and its wildlife (pp. 59-71). Beckenham: Croom Helm.
65. Harpaz, B.J. (2005) Travel forecast is sunny as 2005 begins. The Denver Post, 23 January, 8T.
66. Hart, I.B. (2001) Pesca _ A History of the Pioneer Modern Whaling Company in the Antarctic. Salcombe: Aiden Ellis.
67. Hart, I.B. (2006) Whaling in the Falkland Islands Dependencies 1904-1931. Newton St. Margarets: Pequena.
68. Hattersley-Smith, G. (1991) The history of place names in the British Antarctic Territory. British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports 113 (Parts 1 and 2).
69. Headland, R.K. (1989) Chronological List of Antarctic Expeditions and Related Historical Events. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
70. Headland, R.K. (2004) Northwest Passage voyages. In L. Brigham and B. Ellis (eds) Arctic Marine Transport Workshop 28-30 September 2004 (A-8, A-20). Anchorage, AK: Institute of the North, US Arctic Research Commission.
71. Heap, J. (1994) Handbook of the Antarctic Treaty System (8th edn). Washington, DC:US Department of State.
72. Hemmings, A. and Roura, R. (2003) A square peg in a round hole: Fitting impact assessment under the Antarctic Environmental Protocol to Antarctic tourism. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 21 (1), 13-24.
73. Hendee, J., Stankey, G. and Lucas, R. (1990) Wilderness Management (2nd edn). Golden, CO: North American Press.
74. Herbert, W. (1976) Eskimos. London: Collins.
75. Hopkins, D.M. (ed.) (1967) The Bering Land Bridge. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
76. Hughes, J. and Davis, B. (1995) The management of tourism at historic sites and monuments. In C.M. Hall and M.E. Johnston (eds) Polar Tourism: Tourism in the Arctic and Antarctic Regions (pp. 235-255). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
77. Huntington, H.P. (1992) Wildlife Management and Subsistence Hunting in Alaska. London: Bellhaven Press.
78. Huntington, H.P., Freeman, M., Lucey, B., Spearman, G. and Whiting, A. (2007) Tourism in rural Alaska. In J.M. Snyder and B. Stonehouse (eds) Prospects for Polar Tourism (pp. 71-83). Wallingford: CABI.
79. Huxley, L. (1914) Scott’s Last Expedition. London: Smith, Elder and Co.
80. Icelandic Tourist Board (2006) Your Official Guide to Iceland. Reykjavik: Icelandic Tourist Board.
81. Imbrie, J. and Imbrie, K.P. (1979) Ice Ages: Solving the Mystery. Enslow: Shore Hills.
82. Issaverdis, J.-P. (2001) The pursuit of excellence: Benchmarking, accreditation best practice and auditing. In D.B. Weaver (ed.) The Encyclopaedia of Ecotourism (pp. 5579-5594). Wallingford: CABI.
83. Jensen, O. (2008) Arctic shipping guidelines: Towards a legal regime for navigation safety and environmental protection. Polar Record 44 (229), 107-114.
84. Jernsletten, J.-L. and Klokov, K.B. (2002) Sustainable Reindeer Husbandry. Tromsö: University of Tromsö Press.
85. Johnston, M.E. and Hall, C.M. (1995) Visitor management and the future of tourism in polar regions. In C.M. Hall and M.E. Johnston (eds) Polar Tourism: Tourism in the Arctic and Antarctic Regions (pp. 297-313). Chichester:John Wiley & Sons.
86. Karr, J.R. and Dudley, D.R. (1981) Ecological perspective on water quality goals. Environmental Management 5, 55-56.
87. Kerry, K.R. and Hempel, G. (eds) (1990) Antarctic Ecosystems: Ecological Change and Conservation. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
88. Khitun, O. and Rebristaya, O. (2002) Anthropogenic impacts on habitat, structure and species richness in the west Siberian Arctic. In A.E.Watson, L. Lalessa and J. Sproull (compilers) Wilderness in the Circumpolar North: Searching for Compatability in Ecological, Traditional and Ecotourism Values (p. 143). Ogden:Rocky Mountain Research Station.
89. Kneeland, S. (1876) An American in Iceland. An Account of its Scenery, People and History with a Description of its Millenial Celebration in August, 1874. Boston, MA:Lockwood, Brooks and Company.
90. Koh, T.T.B. (1991) Negotiating a new world order for the sea. In Fridtjof Nansen Institute (eds) Challenges of a Changing World: Festschrift to Willy Østreng (pp. 91-108). Polhøgda: Fridtjof Nansen Institute.
91. Kriwoken, L. and Rootes, D. (2000) Tourism on ice: Environmental impact assessment of Antarctic tourism. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 18 (2), 138-150.
92. Kriwoken, L.K., Jabour, J. and Hemmings, A.D. (eds) (2007) Looking South:Australia’s Antarctic Agenda. Annandale: Federation Press.
93. Krupnik, I. (1993) Arctic Adaptations: Native Whalers and Reindeer Herders of Northern Eurasia. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
94. Laletin, A.P., Vladishevskii, D.V. and Vladishevskii, A.D. (2002) Protected areas of the central Siberian Arctic. In A. E. Watson, L. Lalessa and J. Sproull (compilers) Wilderness in the Circumpolar North: Searching for Compatibility in Ecological, Traditional, and Ecotourism Values (p. 143), 2001 May 15-16; Anchorage, AK. Proceedings. RMRS-P-26, Ogden, UT, USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
95. Lamb, H.H. (1972) Climate: Past, Present and Future. 1. Fundamentals and Climate Now. London: Methuen.
96. Lamers, M., Stel, J.H. and Amelung, B. (2007) Antarctic adventure tourism and private expeditions. In J. Snyder and B. Stonehouse (eds) Prospects for Polar Tourism (pp. 170-187). Wallingford: CABI.
97. Landau, D. and Splettstoesser, J. (2007) Antarctic tourism: What are the limits? In J. Snyder and B. Stonehouse (eds) Prospects for Polar Tourism (pp. 197-209). Wallingford: CABI.
98. Lange, M.A. and Flanders, N.E. (1993) The Effects of Global Changes on Social Life in the Arctic and Possible Response Strategies. Arctic Centre Reports No. 9. Rovaniemi:Arctic Centre, University of Lapland.
99. Larsen, J.N. (ed.) (2004) Arctic Human Development Report. Akureyri: Steffanson Arctic Institute.
100. LeMasurier, W.E. (1990) Late Cenozoic volcanism on the Antarctic plate: An overview. InW.E. LeMasurier and J.W. Thomson (eds) Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans. Antarctic Research Series 48 (pp. 1-18). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union.
101. Leopold, A. (1949) A Sand County Almanack. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
102. Levinson, J.M. and Ger, E. (1998) Safe Passage Questioned; Medical Care and Safety for the Polar Tourist. Centreville, MD: Cornell Maritime Press.
103. Lindblad, L.-E. and Fuller, J.G. (1983) Passport to Anywhere: The Story of Lars-Erik Lindblad. New York: New York Times Books.
104. Lindsey, C.C. (1981) Arctic refugia and the evolution of arctic biota. In G.G. Scudder and J.L. Reveal (eds) Evolution Today. Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology, Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation (pp. 7-10). Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie-Mellon University.
105. Loomis, J.B. (1993) Integrated Public Lands Management Principles and Applications to National Forests, Parks, Wildlife Refuges, and BLM Lands. New York: Columbia University Press.
106. Lucas, R.C. (1985) Visitor use characteristics, attitudes, and use patterns in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex, 1970-82. Research Paper INT-345. Ogden, UT: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station.
107. Mahon, P. (1984) Verdict on Erebus. Auckland: Collins.
108. Marshall, R. (1933a) Arctic Village. New York: The Literary Guild.
109. Marshall, R. (1933b) The People’s Forests. New York: Harrison Smith and Robert Haas.
110. McCloskey, M.E. (1970) Wilderness the Edge of Knowledge. San Francisco, CA:Sierra Club.
111. McGhee, R. (2001) The Arctic Voyages of Martin Conway. London: British Museum Press.
112. McGrath, G. (2007) Arctic cruisers drawn by teeming wildlife. Times Online, 9 August.
113. McIntosh, E. and Walton, D.W.H. (2000) Environmental Management Plan for South Georgia. Cambridge: British Antarctic Survey.
114. McKercher, B. (1993) The unrecognised threat to tourism: Can tourism survive ‘sustainability’? Tourism Management 14 (2), 131-136.
115. McKercher, B. (2001) The business of ecotourism. In D.B. Weaver (ed.) The Encyclopaedia of Ecotourism (pp. 565-577). Wallingford: CABI.
116. Mellor, M. and Swithinbank, C. (1989) Airfields on Antarctic Glacier Ice. CRREL Report 89-21. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs.
117. Mieczkowski, Z. (1995) Environmental Issues of Tourism and Recreation. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
118. Mill, H.R. (1905) The Siege of the South Pole. London: Alston Rivers.
119. Milne, S., Ward, S. and Wenzel, G. (1995) Linking tourism and art in Canada’s eastern Arctic: The case of Cape Dorset. Polar Record 31 (176), 25-36.
120. Minbashian, J. (1997) Biological integrity: An approach to monitoring human disturbance in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Unpublished MPhil thesis, University of Cambridge.
121. Moe, A. (1991) Petroleum policy in the north. In Fridtjof Nansen Institute (eds) Challenges of a Changing World: Festschrift to Willy Østreng (pp. 209-231). Polhøgda: Fridtjof Nansen Institute.
122. Münzer, U. (1985) Iceland: Volcanoes, Glaciers, Geysers. Luzern: Atlantis.
123. Murray, J. (1893) A Handbook for Travellers in Denmark, with Schleswig and Holstein and Iceland. London: John Murray.
124. Natural Habitat Adventures (2008) 2009-2010 Catalogue of the World’s Greatest Nature Expeditions. Boulder, CO: Natural Habitat Adventures.
125. Naveen, R., de Roy, T., Jones, M. and Monteath, C. (1989) [An Antarctic Traveller’s Code.] Antarctic Century 4 (July_October).
126. Nuttall, M. (2004) Arctic Homeland: Kinship, Community and Development in Northwest Greenland. London: Bellhaven.
127. Olson, M.S. (2003) Heritage tourism becoming booming business in U.S. The New York Times, 19 October, 8T.
128. Osherenko, G. and Young, O.R. (1989) The Age of the Arctic: Hot Conflicts and Cold Realities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
129. Patterson, D., Easter-Pilcher, A. and Fraser, W. (2003) The effects of human activity and environmental variability on long-term changes in Adélie penguin populations at Palmer Station, Antarctica. In A.H.L. Huiskes, W.W.C. Gieskes, J. Rozema, R.M.L. Schorno, S.M. van der Vies and W.J. Wolff (eds) Antarctic Biology in a Global Context (pp. 301-307). Leiden: Backhuys.
130. Poncet, S. and Crosbie, K. (2005) A Visitor’s Guide to South Georgia. Maidenhead:Wildguides.
131. Powell, S. and Jackson, A. (2007) Australian influence in the Antarctic Treaty System: An end or a means? In J. Jabour, A.D. Hemmings and L.K. Kriwoken (eds) Looking South: Australia’s Antarctic Agenda (pp. 38-53). Sydney: Federation Press.
132. Reel, M. (2007) Cruise ship sinks off Antarctica. Washington Post, 24 November, AO1.
133. Reich, R.J. (1980) The development of Antarctic tourism. Polar Record 20 (126), 203-214.
134. Robbins, M. (2007) Development of tourism in Arctic Canada. In J.M. Snyder and B. Stonehouse (eds) Prospects for Polar Tourism (pp. 84-101). Wallingford: CABI.
135. Rothwell, D.R. and Scott, S.V. (2007) Flexing Australian sovereignty in Antarctica:Pushing Antarctic Treaty limits in the national interest? In L.K. Kriwoken, J. Jabour and A.D. Hemmings (eds) Looking South: Australia’s Antarctic Agenda (pp. 7-20). Annandale: Federation Press.
136. Rubin, J. (2000) Antarctica. Melbourne: Lonely Planet.
137. SCAR (1998) Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica. Rome: Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research.
138. Scidmore, E.R. (1885) Alaska: Its Southern Coast and the Sitkan Archipelago. Boston, MA: D. Lothrop and Co.
139. Snyder, J. and Shackleton, K. (1986) Ship in the Wilderness. London: Dent and Sons.
140. Snyder, J.M. (2003) A Systems Approach to Sustainable Resource Management in South Georgia: Applying the Approach to Grytviken. Paper presented at The Future of South Georgia: South Georgia Association Conference, Centennial, Col., Strategic Studies Inc.
141. Snyder, J.M. (2007) Pioneers of polar tourism and their legacy. In J. Snyder and B. Stonehouse (eds) Prospects for Polar Tourism (pp. 15-31). Wallingford: CABI.
142. Snyder, J.M. and Stonehouse, B. (2007) Prospects for Polar Tourism. Wallingford:CABI.
143. Soper, T. (1994) Antarctica: A Guide to the Wildlife. Chalfont St. Peter: Bradt.
144. Soper, T. (2001) The Arctic: A Guide to Coastal Wildlife. Chalfont St. Peter: Bradt.
145. Spellerberg, I.F. (1991) Monitoring Ecological Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
146. Spude, C.H. and Spude, R.L. (1993) East Base. Denver: US Department of the Interior, National Parks Service.
147. Stankey, G.H., Cole, D.N., Lucas, R.C., Petersen, M.E. and Frissell, S.S. (1985) The Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) system for wilderness planning. General Technical Report INT-176. Ogden, UT: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station.
148. Starobin, Paul. June 2008. Frozen Assets: Awash in oil wealth, Siberia goes upscale. National Geographic Magazine (pp. 60-85), Volume 213, No. 6, Washington, DC.
149. State of Alaska (2008) Alaska Visitor Survey Profile 2007. Juneau, Alaska: Division of Tourism, State of Alaska.
150. Stewart, E.J., Howell, S.E.L., Draper, D., Yackel, J. and Tivy, A. (2007) Sea ice in Canada’s Arctic: Implications for cruise tourism. Arctic 60 (4), 370-380.
151. Stonehouse, A.F. (2009) Essential Iceland (2nd edn). Basingstoke: Automobile Association Publishing.
152. Stonehouse, B. (ed.) (1986) Arctic Air Pollution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
153. Stonehouse, B. (1990a) North Pole, South Pole: A Guide to the Ecology and Resources of the Arctic and Antarctic. London: Prion.
154. Stonehouse, B. (1990b) A traveller’s code for Antarctic visitors. Polar Record 26 (156), 56-58.
155. Stonehouse, B. (1991) Polar ecosystems, management and climate modelling. In C. Harris and B. Stonehouse (eds) Antarctica and Global Climate Change (pp. 147-154). London: Belhaven Press.
156. Stonehouse, B. (1992) IAATO: An association of Antarctic tour operators. Polar Record 28 (167), 322-324.
157. Stonehouse, B. (2002) Encyclopaedia of Antarctica and the Southern Oceans. London:John Wiley & Sons.
158. Stonehouse, B. (2006) Antarctica from South America. Great Yarmouth: Originator Publishing.
159. Stonehouse, B. (2007) Tourism. In B. Riffenburgh (ed.) Encyclopaedia of the Antarctic (pp. 1004-1007). London: Routledge.
160. Stonehouse, B. and Brigham, L. (2000) The cruise of MS Rotterdam in Antarctic waters. Polar Record 36 (199), 347-349.
161. Stonehouse, B. and Crosbie, K. (1995) Tourist impacts and management in the Antarctic Peninsula area. In C.M. Hall and M.E. Johnston (eds) Polar Tourism; Tourism in the Arctic and Antarctic Regions (pp. 217-233). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
162. Stonehouse, B. and Snyder, J. (2007) Polar tourism in changing environments. In J. Snyder and B. Stonehouse (eds) Prospects for Polar Tourism (pp. 32-48). Wallingford: CABI.
163. Sullivan, P. (1998) Hypothermia and cold injuries; relevance to polar tourism. In J.M. Levinson and E. Ger (eds) Safe Passage Questioned; Medical Care and Safety for the Polar Tourist (pp. 79-95). Centreville, MD: Cornell Maritime Press.
164. Summers, D. (2005) A Visitor’s Guide to the Falkland Islands. Finchley: Falklands Conservation.
165. Swaney, D. (1997) Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Melbourne: Lonely Planet.
166. Swaney, D. (1999) The Arctic. Melbourne: Lonely Planet.
167. Swithinbank, C. (1997) New intercontinental air route: Cape Town to Antarctica. Polar Record 33 (186), 243-244.
168. Tracey, P. (2007) Tourism management on the southern oceanic islands. In J. Snyder and B. Stonehouse (eds) Prospects for Polar Tourism (pp. 32-48). Wallingford: CABI.
169. Triggs, G.D. (ed.) (1987) The Antarctic Treaty Regime: Law, Environment and Resources. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
170. Umbreit, A. (1997) Guide to Spitsbergen. Chalfont St. Peter: Bradt.
171. UN World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) Our Common Future (Brundtland Report). Oxford: Oxford Paperback Reference.
172. United States Fish and Wildlife Service (2007) 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife Associated Recreation. Washington, DC: US Department of the Interior.
173. United States National Ice Center (2007) Proceedings: Impact of an Ice-diminishing Arctic on Naval and Maritime Operations, July 10-12. Washington, DC: United States National Ice Center and Arctic Research Commission.
174. Vidas, D. (ed.) (2000) Protecting the Polar Marine Environment: Law and Policy for Pollution Prevention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
175. Viken, A. and Jorgensen, F. (1998) Tourism in Svalbard. Polar Record 34 (189), 123-128.
176. Vitebsky, P. (2006) The Reindeer People: Living with Animals and Spirits in Siberia. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
177. Walle, A.H. (1993) Tourism and traditional people: Forging equitable strategies. Journal of Travel Research Winter, 14-18.
178. Walton, D.W., Scarponi, G. and Cescon, P. (2001) A scientific framework for environmental monitoring in Antarctica. In S. Caroli, P. Cescon and D.W.Walton (eds) Environmental Contamination in Antarctica: A Challenge in Analytical Chemistry (pp. 33-53). Oxford: Elsevier Science.
179. Warren, P. (1989) Proposal for the designation and protection of Antarctic historic resources. Unpublished MA thesis, University of Seattle.
180. Weaver, D.B. (ed.) (2001) The Encyclopaedia of Ecotourism. Wallingford: CABI.
181. Wellman, J.D. (1987) Wildland Recreation Policy. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
182. Wight, P.A. (1994) Environmentally responsible marketing of tourism. In E. Cater and G. Lowman (eds) Ecotourism: A Sustainable Option? (pp. 39-56). Brisbane:John Wiley & Sons.
183. Williams, W.M. (1859) Through Norway with a Knapsack. London: Smith, Elder and Co.
184. World Meteorological Organization (1971) Climatic Normals for CLIMAT and CLIMAT Ship Stations for the Period 1931-60. Geneva: WMO.
185. Wright, V., Glaspell, B. and Puttkammer, A. (2001) Linking Wilderness Research and Management: Volume 2 _ Defining, Managing, and Monitoring Wilderness Visitor Experiences: An Annotated Bibliography. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMS-GTR-79-vol. 2. Ft. Collins, CO: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
186. Young, E. (1991) Critical ecosystems and nature conservation in Antarctica. In C. Harris and B. Stonehouse (eds) Antarctica and Global Climate Change (pp. 117-146). London: Belhaven Press.
187. Young, O.R. and Einarsson, N.E. (2004) Introduction. In J.N. Larsen (ed.) Arctic Human Development Report (pp. 15-26). Akureyri: Steffanson Arctic Institute.
188. Zelikman, L. (1989) A large scale ecological disaster is threatening from the north. Environmental Policy Review 3 (2), 1-8.