A supersymmetry primer

Perspectives On Supersymmetry Ii

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-153

  Martin, Stephen P ^a,b  

^a NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b FERMI NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85123655294     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (424)

1. S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. D 13, 974 (1976), Phys. Rev. D 19, 1277 (1979);
2. E. Gildener, Phys. Rev. D 14, 1667 (1976);
3. L. Susskind, Phys. Rev. D 20, 2619 (1979);
4. G. 't Hooft, in Recent developments in gauge theories, Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Summer Institute, Cargese 1979, (Plenum, 1980).
5. D.A. Eliezer and R.P. Woodard, Nucl. Phys. B 325, 389 (1989).
6. S. Dimopoulos and S. Raby, Nucl. Phys. B 192, 353 (1981);
7. E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B 188, 513 (1981);
8. M. Dine, W. Fischler and M. Srednicki, Nucl. Phys. B 189, 575 (1981);
9. S. Dimopoulos and H. Georgi, Nucl. Phys. B 193, 150 (1981);
10. N. Sakai, Z. Phys. C 11, 153 (1981);
11. R.K. Kaul and P. Majumdar, Nucl. Phys. B 199, 36 (1982).
12. S. Coleman and J. Mandula, Phys. Rev. 159 (1967) 1251;
13. R. Haag, J. Lopuszanski, and M. Sohnius, Nucl. Phys. B 88, 257 (1975).
14. P. Fayet, Phys. Lett. B 64, 159 (1976).
15. P. Fayet, Phys. Lett. B 69, 489 (1977), Phys. Lett. B 84, 416 (1979).
16. G.R. Farrar and P. Fayet, Phys. Lett. B 76, 575 (1978).
17. P. Ramond, Phys. Rev. D 3, 2415 (1971);
18. A. Neveu and J.H. Schwarz, Nucl. Phys. B 31, 86 (1971);
19. J.L. Gervais and B. Sakita, Nucl. Phys. B 34, 632 (1971).
20. Yu. A. Gol'fand and E. P. Likhtman, JETP Lett. 13, 323 (1971).
21. J. Wess and B. Zumino, Nucl. Phys. B 70 (1974) 39.
22. D.V. Volkov and V.P. Akulov, Phys. Lett. B 46, 109 (1973).
23. J. Wess and J. Bagger, Supersymmetry and Supergravity,(Princeton Univ. Press, 1992).
24. G.G. Ross, Grand Unified Theories, (Addison-Wesley, 1985).
25. P.P. Srivastava, Supersymmetry and Superfields and Supergravity; an Introduction, (Adam-Hilger, 1986).
26. P.G.O. Freund, Introduction to Supersymmetry, (Cambridge University Press, 1986).
27. P.C. West, Introduction to Supersymmetry and Supergravity,(WorldScientific, 1990).
28. R.N. Mohapatra, Unification and Supersymmetry: The Frontiers of Quark-Lepton Physics, Springer-Verlag, New York 1992.
29. D. Bailin and A. Love, Supersymmetric Gauge Field Theory and String Theory, (Institute of Physics Publishing, 1994).
30. P. Ramond, Journeys Beyond the Standard Model,(Frontiers in Physics, Perseus Books 1999).
31. S. Weinberg, The Quantum Theory of Fields, Vol. 3: Supersymmetry,(Cam-bridge University Press, 2000).
32. M. Drees, R. Godbole and P. Roy, Theory and Phenomenology ofSparticles, (World Scientific, 2004).
33. H. Baer and X. Tata, Weak Scale Supersymmetry, (Cambridge University Press, 2006).
34. P. Binetruy, Supersymmetry, (Oxford University Press, 2006).
35. J. Terning, Modern Supersymmetry: Dynamics and Duality (Oxford University Press, 2006).
36. H.E. Haber and G.L. Kane, Phys. Rept. 117, 75 (1985).
37. H.P. Nilles, Phys. Rept. 110, 1 (1984).
38. M.F. Sohnius, Phys. Rept. 128, 39 (1985).
39. S.J. Gates, M.T. Grisaru, M. Rocek and W. Siegel, Superspace or One Thousand and One Lessons in Supersymmetry, [hep-th/0108200].
40. P. Van Nieuwenhuizen, Phys. Rept. 68 (1981) 189.
41. R. Arnowitt, A. Chamseddine and P. Nath, N=1 Supergravity, (World Scientific, 1984).
42. D.R.T. Jones, "Supersymmetric gauge theories", in TASI Lectures in Elementary Particle Physics 1984, ed. D.N. Williams, TASI publications, Ann Arbor 1984.
43. H.E. Haber, "Introductory low-energy supersymmetry", TASI-92 lectures, [hep-ph/9306207].
44. P. Ramond, "Introductory lectures on low-energy supersymmetry", TASI-94 lectures, [hep-th/9412234].
45. J.A. Bagger, "Weak-scale supersymmetry: theory and practice", TASI-95 lectures, [hep-ph/9604232].
46. M.E. Peskin, "Duality in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory," TASI-96 lectures, [hep-th/9702094].
47. H. Baer et al., "Low energy supersymmetry phenomenology", in Report of the Working Group on Electroweak Symmetry Breaking and New Physics of the 1995 study of the future of particle physics in the USA, (World Scientific, 1996), [hep-ph/9503479]
48. M. Drees and S.P. Martin, "Implications of SUSY model building", as in, 36 [hep-ph/9504324].
49. J.D. Lykken, "Introduction to Supersymmetry", TASI-96 lectures, [hep-th/9612114].
50. S. Dawson, "SUSY and such", Lectures given at NATO Advanced Study Institute on Techniques and Concepts of High-energy Physics, [hepph/9612229].
51. M. Dine, "Supersymmetry Phenomenology (With a Broad Brush)", [hepph/9612389].
52. J.F. Gunion, "A simplified summary of supersymmetry", [hep-ph/9704349].
53. M.A. Shifman, "Nonperturbative dynamics in supersymmetric gauge theories", Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 39, 1 (1997) [hep-th/9704114].
54. X. Tata, "What is supersymmetry and how do we find it?", [hepph/9706307].
55. M.A. Luty, "2004 TASI lectures on supersymmetry breaking," [hepth/0509029].
56. I. Aitchison, "Supersymmetry and the MSSM: an elementary introduction," [hep-ph/0505105].
57. D.J.H. Chung et al., Phys. Rept. 407, 1 (2005) [hep-ph/0312378].
58. J. Terning, "Non-perturbative supersymmetry," TASI 2002 lectures [hepth/0306119].
59. H. Murayama, "Supersymmetry phenomenology," ICTP Summer School Lectures 1999, [hep-ph/0002232].
60. S. Ferrara, editor, Supersymmetry, (World Scientific, 1987).
61. A. Salam and J.A. Strathdee, Nucl. Phys. B 76, 477 (1974);
62. S. Ferrara, J. Wess and B. Zumino, Phys. Lett. B 51, 239 (1974). See 12 for a pedagogical introduction to superfields and superspace.
63. J. Wess and B. Zumino, Phys. Lett. B 49, 52 (1974);
64. J. Iliopoulos and B. Zumino, Nucl. Phys. B 76, 310 (1974).
65. J. Wess and B. Zumino, Nucl. Phys. B 78, 1 (1974).
66. L. Girardello and M.T. Grisaru Nucl. Phys. B 194, 65 (1982).
67. J. Polchinski and L. Susskind, Phys. Rev. D 26, 3661 (1982).
68. D.R.T. Jones, L. Mezincescu and Y.P. Yao, Phys. Lett. B 148, 317 (1984);
69. L.J. Hall and L. Randall, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2939 (1990).
70. M. Dine and D. MacIntire, Phys. Rev. D 46, 2594 (1992) [hep-ph/9205227].
71. I. Jack and D.R.T. Jones, Phys. Lett. B 457, 101 (1999) [hep-ph/9903365].
72. P.J. Fox, A.E. Nelson and N. Weiner, JHEP 0208, 035 (2002) [hepph/0206096].
73. Z. Chacko, P.J. Fox and H. Murayama, Nucl. Phys. B 706, 53 (2005) [hepph/0406142].
74. I. Antoniadis, K. Benakli, A. Delgado and M. Quiros, Adv. Stud. Theor. Phys. 2, 645 (2008) [hep-ph/0610265].
75. G.D. Kribs, E. Poppitz and N. Weiner, "Flavor in Supersymmetry with an Extended R-symmetry," [hep-ph/0712.2039].
76. A.E. Blechman and S.P. Ng, JHEP 0806, 043 (2008) [hep-ph/0803.3811].
77. S.D.L. Amigo, A.E. Blechman, P.J. Fox and E. Poppitz, "R-symmetric gauge mediation," [hep-ph/0809.1112].
78. T. Plehn and T.M.P. Tait, "Seeking Sgluons," [hep-ph/0810.3919].
79. J.E. Kim and H. P. Nilles, Phys. Lett. B 138, 150 (1984);
80. J.E. Kim and H. P. Nilles, Phys. Lett. B 263, 79 (1991);
81. E.J. Chun, J.E. Kim and H.P. Nilles, Nucl. Phys. B 370, 105 (1992).
82. G.F. Giudice and A. Masiero, Phys. Lett. B 206, 480 (1988);
83. J.A. Casas and C. Munoz, Phys. Lett. B 306, 288 (1993) [hep-ph/9302227].
84. G. Dvali, G.F. Giudice and A. Pomarol, Nucl. Phys. B 478, 31 (1996) [hepph/9603238].
85. F. Zwirner, Phys. Lett. B 132, 103 (1983);
86. S. Dawson, Nucl. Phys. B 261, 297 (1985);
87. R. Barbieri and A. Masiero, Nucl. Phys. B 267, 679 (1986);
88. S. Dimopoulos and L. Hall, Phys. Lett. B 207, 210 (1988);
89. V. Barger, G. Giudice, and T. Han, Phys. Rev. D 40, 2987 (1989);
90. R. Godbole, P. Roy and X. Tata, Nucl. Phys. B 401, 67 (1993) [hep-ph/9209251];
91. G. Bhattacharyya and D. Choudhury, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 10, 1699 (1995) [hepph/9503263];
92. For reviews, see G. Bhattacharyya, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 52A, 83 (1997) [hep-ph/9608415];
93. H.K. Dreiner, "An introduction to explicit R-parity violation," in Perspectives on Supersymmetry, ed. G.L. Kane (World Scientific, 1998), [hep-ph/9707435];
94. R. Barbier et al., "Report of the GDR working group on the R-parity violation," [hep-ph/9810232];
95. B. Allanach et al., "Searching for R-parity violation at Run-II of the Tevatron," [hepph/9906224];
96. B. Allanach, A. Dedes and H.K. Dreiner, Phys. Rev. D 69, 115002 (2004) [hep-ph/0309196];
97. M. Chemtob, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 54, 71 (2005) [hep-ph/0406029].
98. G. 't Hooft, Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 8 (1976).
99. S. Dimopoulos and H. Georgi, Nucl. Phys. B 193, 150 (1981);
100. S. Weinberg, Phys.Rev. D26, 287 (1982);
101. N. Sakai and T. Yanagida, Nucl. Phys. B 197, 533 (1982);
102. S. Dimopoulos, S. Raby and F. Wilczek, Phys. Lett. B 112, 133 (1982).
103. H. Goldberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1419 (1983);
104. J. Ellis, J. Hagelin, D.V. Nanopoulos, K. Olive, and M. Srednicki, Nucl. Phys. B 238, 453 (1984).
105. L. Krauss and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1221 (1989).
106. L.E. Ibáñez and G. Ross, Phys. Lett. B 260, 291 (1991);
107. T. Banks and M. Dine, Phys. Rev. D 45, 1424 (1992) [hep-th/9109045];
108. L.E. Ibáñez, Nucl. Phys. B 398, 301 (1993) [hep-ph/9210211].
109. R.N. Mohapatra, Phys. Rev. D 34, 3457 (1986);
110. A. Font, L.E. Ibáñez and F. Quevedo, Phys. Lett. B 228, 79 (1989);
111. S.P. Martin Phys. Rev. D46, 2769 (1992) [hep-ph/9207218], Phys. Rev. D 54, 2340 (1996) [hep-ph/9602349].
112. R. Kuchimanchi and R.N. Mohapatra, Phys. Rev. D 48, 4352 (1993) [hep-ph/9306290], Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3989 (1995) [hep-ph/9509256];
113. C.S. Aulakh, K. Benakli and G. Senjanovic, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2188 (1997) [hep-ph/9703434];
114. C.S. Aulakh, A. Melfo and G. Senjanovic, Phys. Rev. D 57, 4174 (1998) [hep-ph/9707256].
115. S. Dimopoulos and D. Sutter, Nucl. Phys. B 452, 496 (1995) [hepph/9504415].
116. J. Ellis and D.V. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B 110, 44 (1982);
117. R. Barbieri and R. Gatto, Phys. Lett. B 110, 211 (1982);
118. B.A. Campbell, Phys. Rev. D 28, 209 (1983).
119. M.J. Duncan, Nucl. Phys. B 221, 285 (1983);
120. J.F. Donahue, H.P. Nilles and D. Wyler, Phys. Lett. B 128, 55 (1983);
121. A. Bouquet, J. Kaplan and C.A. Savoy, Phys. Lett. B 148, 69 (1984);
122. M. Dugan, B. Grinstein and L.J. Hall, Nucl. Phys. B 255, 413 (1985);
123. F. Gabbiani and A. Masiero, Nucl. Phys. B 322, 235 (1989);
124. J. Hagelin, S. Kelley and T. Tanaka, Nucl. Phys. B 415, 293 (1994).
125. L.J. Hall, V.A. Kostalecky and S. Raby, Nucl. Phys. B 267, 415 (1986);
126. F. Gabbiani and A. Masiero, Phys. Lett. B 209, 289 (1988);
127. R. Barbieri and L.J. Hall, Phys. Lett. B 338, 212 (1994) [hep-ph/9408406];
128. R. Barbieri, L.J. Hall and A. Strumia, Nucl. Phys. B 445, 219 (1995) [hep-ph/9501334].
129. J. Ellis, S. Ferrara and D.V. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B 114, 231 (1982);
130. W. Buchmüller and D. Wyler, Phys. Lett. B 121, 321 (1983);
131. J. Polchinski and M.B. Wise, Phys. Lett. B 125, 393 (1983);
132. F. del Aguila, M.B. Gavela, J.A. Grifols and A. Mendez, Phys. Lett. B 126, 71 (1983) [Erratum-ibid. B 129, 473 (1983)];
133. D.V. Nanopoulos and M. Srednicki, Phys. Lett. B 128, 61 (1983).
134. S. Bertolini, F. Borzumati, A. Masiero and G. Ridolfi, Nucl. Phys. B 353, 591 (1991);
135. R. Barbieri and G.F. Giudice, Phys. Lett. B 309, 86 (1993) [hep-ph/9303270].
136. J. Hisano et al., Phys. Lett. B 357, 579 (1995) [hep-ph/9501407].
137. F. Gabbiani, E. Gabrielli, A. Masiero and L. Silvestrini, Nucl. Phys. B 477, 321 (1996) [hep-ph/9604387].
138. J.L. Hewett and J.D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D 55, 5549 (1997) [hep-ph/9610323].
139. Y. Grossman, Y. Nir and R. Rattazzi, [hep-ph/9701231].
140. S. Pokorski, J. Rosiek and C. A. Savoy, Nucl. Phys. B 570, 81 (2000) [hepph/9906206];
141. S. Abel, S. Khalil and O. Lebedev, Nucl. Phys. B 606, 151 (2001) [hepph/0103320].
142. M. Misiak, S. Pokorski and J. Rosiek, "Supersymmetry and FCNC effects," [hep-ph/9703442].
143. J.A. Bagger, K.T. Matchev and R.J. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 412, 77 (1997) [hep-ph/9707225].
144. Y. Nir and M.P. Worah, Phys. Lett. B 423, 319 (1998) [hep-ph/9711215].
145. M. Ciuchini et al., Nucl. Phys. B 523, 501 (1998) [hep-ph/9711402].
146. M. Ciuchini et al., JHEP 9810, 008 (1998) [hep-ph/9808328].
147. A. Masiero and H. Murayama, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 907 (1999) [hepph/9903363].
148. S. Khalil, T. Kobayashi and A. Masiero, Phys. Rev. D 60, 075003 (1999) [hep-ph/9903544].
149. A.J. Buras et al., Nucl. Phys. B 566, 3 (2000) [hep-ph/9908371].
150. F. Borzumati, C. Greub, T. Hurth and D. Wyler, Phys. Rev. D 62, 075005 (2000) [hep-ph/9911245].
151. A.J. Buras, P. Gambino, M. Gorbahn, S. Jager and L. Silvestrini, Nucl. Phys. B 592, 55 (2001) [hep-ph/0007313].
152. P.H. Chankowski and L. Slawianowska, Phys. Rev. D 63, 054012 (2001) [hep-ph/0008046].
153. T. Besmer, C. Greub and T. Hurth, Nucl. Phys. B 609, 359 (2001) [hepph/0105292].
154. G. Burdman, E. Golowich, J. Hewett and S. Pakvasa, Phys. Rev. D 66, 014009 (2002) [hep-ph/0112235].
155. A.J. Buras, P.H. Chankowski, J. Rosiek and L. Slawianowska, Nucl. Phys. B 659, 3 (2003) [hep-ph/0210145].
156. M. Ciuchini, E. Franco, A. Masiero and L. Silvestrini, Phys. Rev. D 67, 075016 (2003) [Erratum-ibid. D 68, 079901 (2003)] [hep-ph/0212397].
157. M.L. Brooks et al. [MEGA Collaboration], Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1521 (1999) [hep-ex/9905013], Phys. Rev. D 65, 112002 (2002) [hep-ex/0111030].
158. A.G. Cohen, D.B. Kaplan and A.E. Nelson, Phys. Lett. B 388, 588 (1996) [hep-ph/9607394].
159. J.D. Wells, "Implications of supersymmetry breaking with a little hierarchy between gauginos and scalars," [hep-ph/0306127], Phys. Rev. D 71, 015013 (2005) [hep-ph/0411041]. "Split supersymmetry", as in N. Arkani-Hamed and S. Dimopoulos, JHEP 0506, 073 (2005) [hep-th/0405159];
160. G. F. Giudice and A. Romanino, Nucl. Phys. B 699, 65 (2004) [Erratum-ibid. B 706, 65 (2005)] [hep-ph/0406088], abandons the motivation of supersymmetry as a solution to the hierarchy problem. The most logical and sublime refinement of this line of thinking is found in P.J. Fox et al., "Supersplit supersymmetry," [hep-th/0503249].
161. Y. Nir and N. Seiberg, Phys. Lett. B 309, 337 (1993) [hep-ph/9304307].
162. P. Langacker, "Precision Tests Of The Standard Model," in Proceedings of the PASCOS90 Symposium, (World Scientific, 1990);
163. J. Ellis, S. Kelley, and D. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B 260, 131 (1991);
164. U. Amaldi, W. de Boer, and H. Furstenau, Phys. Lett. B 260, 447 (1991);
165. P. Langacker and M. Luo, Phys. Rev. D 44, 817 (1991);
166. C. Giunti, C.W. Kim and U.W. Lee, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 6, 1745 (1991);
167. W. Siegel, Phys. Lett. B 84, 193 (1979);
168. D.M. Capper, D.R.T. Jones and P. van Nieuwenhuizen, Nucl. Phys. B 167, 479 (1980).
169. W. Siegel, Phys. Lett. B 94, 37 (1980);
170. L. V. Avdeev, G. A. Chochia and A.A. Vladimirov, Phys. Lett. B105, 272 (1981);
171. L.V. Avdeev and A.A. Vladimirov, Nucl. Phys. B 219, 262 (1983).
172. I. Jack and D.R.T. Jones, "Regularisation of supersymmetric theories", in Perspectives on Supersymmetry, ed. G.L. Kane (World Scientific, 1998), [hep-ph/9707278]
173. D. Stockinger, JHEP 0503, 076 (2005) [hep-ph/0503129];
174. A. Signer and D. Stöckinger, Phys. Lett. B 626, 127 (2005)[hep-ph/0508203].
175. D. Evans, J.W. Moffat, G. Kleppe, and R.P. Woodard, Phys. Rev. D 43, 499 (1991);
176. G. Kleppe and R.P. Woodard, Phys. Lett. B 253, 331 (1991), Nucl. Phys. B 388, 81 (1992) [hep-th/9203016];
177. G. Kleppe, Phys. Lett. B 256, 431 (1991).
178. V. Novikov, M. Shifman, A. Vainshtein and V. Zakharov, Nucl. Phys. B 229, 381 (1983), Phys. Lett. B 166, 329 (1986);
179. J. Hisano and M. Shifman, Phys. Rev. D 56, 5475 (1997) [hep-ph/9705417].
180. I. Antoniadis, C. Kounnas and K. Tamvakis, Phys. Lett. B 119, 377 (1982);
181. G.A. Schuler, S. Sakakibara and J.G. Korner, Phys. Lett. B 194, 125 (1987);
182. Y. Yamada, Phys. Lett. B 316, 109 (1993) [hep-ph/9307217].
183. S.P. Martin and M.T. Vaughn, Phys. Lett. B 318, 331 (1993) [hepph/9308222].
184. I. Jack, D.R.T. Jones and K.L. Roberts, Z. Phys. C 62, 161 (1994) [hepph/9310301], Z. Phys. C 63, 151 (1994) [hep-ph/9401349].
185. A. Salam and J. Strathdee, Phys. Rev. D 11, 1521 (1975);
186. M.T. Grisaru, W. Siegel and M. Rocek, Nucl. Phys. B 159, 429 (1979).
187. D.R.T. Jones, Nucl. Phys. B 87, 127 (1975);
188. D.R.T. Jones and L. Mezincescu, Phys. Lett. B 136, 242 (1984).
189. P.C. West, Phys. Lett. B 137, 371 (1984);
190. D.R.T. Jones and L. Mezincescu, Phys. Lett. B 138, 293 (1984);
191. J.E. Bjorkman and D.R.T. Jones, Nucl. Phys. B 259, 533 (1985).
192. K. Inoue, A. Kakuto, H. Komatsu and H. Takeshita, Prog. Theor. Phys. 68, 927 (1982) [Erratum-ibid. 70, 330 (1983)], Prog. Theor. Phys. 71, 413 (1984);
193. N.K. Falck Z. Phys. C 30, 247 (1986).
194. S.P. Martin and M.T. Vaughn, Phys. Rev. D 50, 2282 (1994) [hepph/9311340];
195. Y. Yamada, Phys. Rev. D 50, 3537 (1994) [hep-ph/9401241];
196. I. Jack and D.R.T. Jones, Phys. Lett. B 333, 372 (1994) [hep-ph/9405233];
197. I. Jack, D.R.T. Jones, S.P. Martin, M.T. Vaughn and Y. Yamada, Phys. Rev. D 50, 5481 (1994) [hep-ph/9407291].
198. I. Jack, D.R.T. Jones and C.G. North, Nucl. Phys. B 473, 308 (1996) [hepph/9603386], Phys. Lett. B 386, 138 (1996) [hep-ph/9606323];
199. P.M. Ferreira, I. Jack, D.R.T. Jones, Phys. Lett. B 387, 80 (1996) [hep-ph/9605440].
200. P.M. Ferreira, I. Jack, D.R.T. Jones and C.G. North, Nucl. Phys. B 504, 108 (1997) [hep-ph/9705328];
201. I. Jack, D.R.T. Jones and A. Pickering, Phys. Lett. B 435, 61 (1998) [hep-ph/9805482].
202. I. Jack and D.R.T. Jones, Phys. Lett. B 415, 383 (1997) [hep-ph/9709364];
203. L.V. Avdeev, D.I. Kazakov and I.N. Kondrashuk, Nucl. Phys. B 510, 289 (1998) [hep-ph/9709397];
204. N. Arkani-Hamed, G. F. Giudice, M. A. Luty and R. Rattazzi, Phys. Rev. D 58, 115005 (1998) [hep-ph/9803290];
205. I. Jack, D.R.T. Jones and A. Pickering, Phys. Lett. B 432, 114 (1998) [hepph/9803405].
206. J.R. Ellis, C.H. Llewellyn Smith and G.G. Ross, Phys. Lett. B 114, 227 (1982).
207. S. Dimopoulos, G.R. Dvali, R. Rattazzi and G.F. Giudice, Nucl. Phys. B 510, 12 (1998) [hep-ph/9705307]. M.A. Luty and J. Terning, Phys. Rev. D 62, 075006 (2000) [hep-ph/9812290]. T. Banks, [hep-ph/0510159].
208. K.A. Intriligator, N. Seiberg and D. Shih, JHEP 0604, 021 (2006) [hepth/0602239].
209. S.A. Abel, C.S. Chu, J. Jaeckel and V.V. Khoze, JHEP 0701, 089 (2007) [hep-th/0610334]. S.A. Abel, J. Jaeckel and V. V. Khoze, JHEP 0701, 015 (2007) [hep-th/0611130]. N.J. Craig, P.J. Fox and J.G. Wacker, Phys. Rev. D 75, 085006 (2007) [hep-th/0611006]. W. Fischler, V. Kaplunovsky, C. Krishnan, L. Mannelli and M.A.C. Torres, JHEP 0703, 107 (2007) [hepth/0611018].
210. P. Fayet and J. Iliopoulos, Phys. Lett. B 51, 461 (1974);
211. P. Fayet, Nucl. Phys. B 90, 104 (1975).
212. However, see for example P. Binetruy and E. Dudas, Phys. Lett. B 389, 503 (1996) [hep-th/9607172];
213. G. Dvali and A. Pomarol, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3728 (1996) [hep-ph/9607383];
214. R.N. Mohapatra and A. Riotto, Phys. Rev. D 55, 4262 (1997) [hep-ph/9611273];
215. N. Arkani-Hamed, M. Dine and S.P. Martin, Phys. Lett. B 431, 329 (1998) [hep-ph/9803432]. A non-zero Fayet-Iliopoulos term for an anomalous U(1) symmetry is commonly found in superstring models: M. Green and J. Schwarz, Phys. Lett. B 149, 117 (1984);
216. M. Dine, N. Seiberg and E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B 289, 589 (1987);
217. J. Atick, L. Dixon and A. Sen, Nucl. Phys. B 292, 109 (1987). This may even help to explain the observed structure of the Yukawa couplings: L.E. Ibáñez, Phys. Lett. B 303, 55 (1993) [hep-ph/9205234];
218. L.E. Ibáñez and G.G. Ross, Phys. Lett. B 332, 100 (1994) [hep-ph/9403338];
219. P. Binetruy, S. Lavignac, P. Ramond, Nucl. Phys. B 477, 353 (1996) [hep-ph/9601243]. P. Binetruy, N. Irges, S. Lavignac and P. Ramond, Phys. Lett. B 403, 38 (1997) [hepph/9612442];
220. N. Irges, S. Lavignac, P. Ramond, Phys. Rev. D 58, 035003 (1998) [hep-ph/9802334].
221. L. O'Raifeartaigh, Nucl. Phys. B 96, 331 (1975).
222. M.A. Luty and W.I. Taylor, Phys. Rev. D 53, 3399 (1996) [hep-th/9506098].
223. M. Dine, L. Randall and S.D. Thomas, Nucl. Phys. B 458, 291 (1996) [hepph/9507453].
224. T. Gherghetta, C.F. Kolda and S.P. Martin, Nucl. Phys. B 468, 37 (1996) [hep-ph/9510370].
225. S. Coleman and E. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. D 7, 1888 (1973).
226. E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B 202, 253 (1982);
227. I. Affleck, M. Dine and N. Seiberg, Nucl. Phys. B 241, 493 (1984), Nucl. Phys. B 256, 557 (1985);
228. A.E. Nelson and N. Seiberg, Nucl. Phys. B 416, 46 (1994) [hep-ph/9309299].
229. L. Randall, "Models of dynamical supersymmetry breaking," [hepph/9706474];
230. A. Nelson, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 62, 261 (1998) [hepph/9707442];
231. G.F. Giudice and R. Rattazzi, Phys. Rept. 322, 419 (1999) [hep-ph/9801271];
232. E. Poppitz and S.P. Trivedi, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 48, 307 (1998) [hep-th/9803107];
233. Y. Shadmi and Y. Shirman, Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 25 (2000) [hep-th/9907225]. K.A. Intriligator and N. Seiberg, Class. Quant. Grav. 24, S741 (2007) [hep-ph/0702069].
234. For example, see: S. Franco and A.M. Uranga, JHEP 0606, 031 (2006) [hep-th/0604136]. H. Ooguri and Y. Ookouchi, Nucl. Phys. B 755, 239 (2006) [hep-th/0606061]. T. Banks, [hep-ph/0606313]. S. Franco, I. GarciaEtxebarria and A.M. Uranga, JHEP 0701, 085 (2007) [hep-th/0607218]. R. Kitano, Phys. Lett. B 641, 203 (2006) [hep-ph/0607090]. A. Amariti, L. Girardello and A. Mariotti, JHEP 0612, 058 (2006) [hep-th/0608063]. M. Dine, J.L. Feng and E. Silverstein, Phys. Rev. D 74, 095012 (2006) [hep-th/0608159]. E. Dudas, C. Papineau and S. Pokorski, JHEP 0702, 028 (2007) [hep-th/0610297]. H. Abe, T. Higaki, T. Kobayashi and Y. Omura, Phys. Rev. D 75, 025019 (2007) [hep-th/0611024]. M. Dine and J. Mason, Phys.Rev.D77, 016005 (2008) [hep-ph/0611312]. R. Kitano, H. Ooguri and Y. Ookouchi, Phys. Rev. D 75, 045022 (2007) [hep-ph/0612139]. H. Murayama and Y. Nomura, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 151803 (2007) [hep-ph/0612186]. C. Csaki, Y. Shirman and J. Terning, JHEP 0705, 099 (2007) [hep-ph/0612241]. O. Aharony and N. Seiberg, JHEP 0702, 054 (2007) [hepph/0612308]. D. Shih, JHEP 0802, 091 (2008) [hep-th/0703196]. K.A. Intriligator, N. Seiberg and D. Shih, JHEP 0707, 017 (2007) [hep-th/0703281]. A. Giveon, A. Katz, Z. Komargodski and D. Shih, JHEP 0810, 092 (2008) [hep-th/0808.2901].
235. P. Fayet, Phys. Lett. B 70, 461 (1977), Phys. Lett. B 86, 272 (1979), and in Unification of the fundamental particle interactions (Plenum, 1980).
236. N. Cabibbo, G.R. Farrar and L. Maiani, Phys. Lett. B 105, 155 (1981);
237. M.K. Gaillard, L. Hall and I. Hinchliffe, Phys. Lett. B 116, 279 (1982) [Erratum-ibid. B 119, 471 (1982)];
238. J. Ellis and J.S. Hagelin, Phys. Lett. B 122, 303 (1983);
239. D.A. Dicus, S. Nandi and J. Woodside, Phys. Lett. B 258, 231 (1991);
240. D.R. Stump, M. Wiest, and C.P. Yuan, Phys. Rev. D 54, 1936 (1996) [hep-ph/9601362]. S. Ambrosanio, G. Kribs, and S.P. Martin, Phys. Rev. D 56, 1761 (1997) [hep-ph/9703211].
241. S. Dimopoulos, M. Dine, S. Raby and S. Thomas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3494 (1996) [hep-ph/9601367];
242. S. Dimopoulos, S. Thomas and J. D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D 54, 3283 (1996) [hep-ph/9604452].
243. S. Ambrosanio et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3498 (1996) [hep-ph/9602239], Phys. Rev. D 54, 5395 (1996) [hep-ph/9605398].
244. P. Nath and R. Arnowitt, Phys. Lett. B 56, 177 (1975);
245. R. Arnowitt, P. Nath and B. Zumino, Phys. Lett. B 56, 81 (1975);
246. S. Ferrara, D.Z. Freedman and P. van Nieuwenhuizen, Phys. Rev. D 13, 3214 (1976);
247. S. Deser and B. Zumino, Phys. Lett. B 62, 335 (1976);
248. D.Z. Freedman and P. van Nieuwenhuizen, Phys. Rev. D 14, 912 (1976);
249. E. Cremmer et al., Nucl. Phys. B 147, 105 (1979);
250. J. Bagger, Nucl. Phys. B 211, 302 (1983).
251. E. Cremmer, S. Ferrara, L. Girardello, and A. van Proeyen, Nucl. Phys. B 212, 413 (1983).
252. S. Deser and B. Zumino, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 1433 (1977);
253. E. Cremmer et al., Phys. Lett. B 79, 231 (1978).
254. H. Pagels, J.R. Primack, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 223 (1982);
255. T. Moroi, H. Murayama, M. Yamaguchi, Phys. Lett. B 303, 289 (1993).
256. A.H. Chamseddine, R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 970 (1982);
257. R. Barbieri, S. Ferrara and C. A. Savoy, Phys. Lett. B 119, 343 (1982);
258. L.E. Ibáñez, Phys. Lett. B 118, 73 (1982);
259. L.J. Hall, J.D. Lykken and S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. D 27, 2359 (1983);
260. N. Ohta, Prog. Theor. Phys. 70, 542 (1983).
261. J. Ellis, D.V. Nanopoulos and K. Tamvakis, Phys. Lett. B 121, 123 (1983);
262. L. Alvarez-Gaumé, J. Polchinski, and M. Wise, Nucl. Phys. B 221, 495 (1983).
263. P. Moxhay and K. Yamamoto, Nucl. Phys. B 256, 130 (1985);
264. K. Grassie, Phys. Lett. B 159, 32 (1985);
265. B. Gato, Nucl. Phys. B 278, 189 (1986);
266. N. Polonsky and A. Pomarol, N. Polonsky and A. Pomarol, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2292 (1994) [hep-ph/9406224].
267. G.G. Ross and R.G. Roberts, G. G. Ross and R. G. Roberts, Nucl. Phys. B 377, 571 (1992);
268. H. Arason et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2933 (1991);
269. R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 725 (1992); Phys. Rev. D 46, 3981 (1992);
270. D.J. Castanño, E.J. Piard, P. Ramond, Phys. Rev. D 49, 4882 (1994) [hep-ph/9308335];
271. V. Barger, M. Berger and P. Ohmann, Phys.Rev.D49, 4908 (1994) [hep-ph/9311269];
272. G.L. Kane, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski, J.D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D 49, 6173 (1994) [hep-ph/9312272];
273. B. Ananthanarayan, K.S. Babu and Q. Shafi, Nucl. Phys. B 428, 19 (1994) [hep-ph/9402284];
274. M. Carena, M. Olechowski, S. Pokorski, C.E.M. Wagner, Nucl. Phys. B 419, 213 (1994) [hep-ph/9311222];
275. W. de Boer, R. Ehret and D. Kazakov, Z. Phys. C 67, 647 (1995) [hep-ph/9405342];
276. M. Carena et al., Nucl. Phys. B 491, 103 (1997) [hep-ph/9612261].
277. V. Kaplunovsky and J. Louis, Phys. Lett. B 306, 269 (1993) [hepth/9303040];
278. R. Barbieri, J. Louis and M. Moretti, Phys. Lett. B 312, 451 (1993) [Erratum-ibid. B 316, 632 (1993)] [hep-ph/9305262];
279. A. Brignole, L.E. Ibáñez and C. Muñoz, Nucl. Phys. B 422, 125 (1994) [Erratum-ibid. B 436, 747 (1995)] [hep-ph/9308271].
280. J. Polonyi, Hungary Central Research Institute report KFKI-77-93 (1977) (unpublished). See 18 for a pedagogical account.
281. For a review, see A.B. Lahanas and D.V. Nanopoulos, Phys. Rept. 145,1 (1987).
282. For a review, see A. Brignole, L.E. Ibáñez and C. Muñoz, "Soft supersymmetry-breaking terms from supergravity and superstring models", in Perspectives on Supersymmetry, ed. G.L. Kane (World Scientific, 1998), [hep-ph/9707209].
283. M. Dine and W. Fischler, Phys. Lett. B 110, 227 (1982);
284. C.R. Nappi and B.A. Ovrut, Phys. Lett. B 113, 175 (1982);
285. L. Alvarez-Gaumé, M. Claudson and M. B. Wise, Nucl. Phys. B207, 96 (1982).
286. M. Dine, A. E. Nelson, Phys. Rev. D 48, 1277 (1993) [hep-ph/9303230];
287. M. Dine, A.E. Nelson, Y. Shirman, Phys. Rev. D 51, 1362 (1995) [hepph/9408384];
288. M. Dine, A.E. Nelson, Y. Nir, Y. Shirman, Phys. Rev. D 53, 2658 (1996) [hep-ph/9507378].
289. S. Dimopoulos, G.F. Giudice and A. Pomarol, Phys. Lett. B 389, 37 (1996) [hep-ph/9607225];
290. S.P. Martin Phys. Rev. D 55, 3177 (1997) [hepph/9608224];
291. E. Poppitz and S.P. Trivedi, Phys. Lett. B 401, 38 (1997) [hep-ph/9703246].
292. V.A. Rubakov and M.E. Shaposhnikov, Phys. Lett. B 125, 136 (1983), Phys. Lett. B 125, 139 (1983);
293. L. Randall and R. Sundrum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3370 (1999) hep-ph/9905221
294. A. Pérez-Lorenzana, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 18, 224 (2005) [hepph/0503177];
295. R. Sundrum, "To the fifth dimension and back. (TASI 2004)," [hep-th/0508134]. G.D. Kribs, "TASI 2004 Lectures on the Phenomenology of Extra Dimensions," [hep-ph/0605325].
296. E.A. Mirabelli and M.E. Peskin, Phys. Rev. D 58, 065002 (1998) [hepth/9712214].
297. D.E. Kaplan, G.D. Kribs and M. Schmaltz, Phys. Rev. D 62, 035010 (2000) [hep-ph/9911293];
298. Z. Chacko, M.A. Luty, A.E. Nelson and E. Ponton, JHEP 0001, 003 (2000) [hep-ph/9911323].
299. M. Schmaltz and W. Skiba, Phys. Rev. D 62, 095005 (2000) [hepph/0001172]; Phys. Rev. D 62, 095004 (2000) [hep-ph/0004210].
300. The gaugino mediation mechanism can be "deconstructed", replacing the extra dimension by a lattice of gauge groups, as in C. Csaki, J. Erlich, C. Grojean and G.D. Kribs, Phys. Rev. D 65, 015003 (2002) [hepph/0106044];
301. H.C. Cheng, D.E. Kaplan, M. Schmaltz and W. Skiba, Phys. Lett. B 515, 395 (2001) [hep-ph/0106098].
302. L. Randall and R. Sundrum, Nucl. Phys. B 557, 79 (1999) [hep-th/9810155];
303. G.F. Giudice, M.A. Luty, H. Murayama and R. Rattazzi, JHEP 9812, 027 (1998) [hep-ph/9810442].
304. M.A. Luty and R. Sundrum, Phys. Rev. D 65, 066004 (2002) [hepth/0105137], Phys. Rev. D 67, 045007 (2003) [hep-th/0111231].
305. I. Jack, D.R.T. Jones and A. Pickering, Phys. Lett. B 426, 73 (1998) [hepph/9712542]. I. Jack and D.R.T. Jones, Phys. Lett. B 465, 148 (1999) [hepph/9907255]
306. J.A. Bagger, T. Moroi and E. Poppitz, JHEP 0004, 009 (2000) [hepth/9911029];
307. M.K. Gaillard and B.D. Nelson, Nucl. Phys. B 588, 197 (2000) [hep-th/0004170];
308. A. Anisimov, M. Dine, M. Graesser and S. D. Thomas, Phys. Rev. D 65, 105011 (2002) [hep-th/0111235], JHEP 0203, 036 (2002) [hep-th/0201256];
309. M. Dine et al., Phys. Rev. D 70, 045023 (2004) [hepph/0405159].
310. A. Pomarol and R. Rattazzi, JHEP 9905, 013 (1999) [hep-ph/9903448].
311. D.E. Kaplan and G.D. Kribs, JHEP 0009, 048 (2000) [hep-ph/0009195];
312. Z. Chacko and M.A. Luty, JHEP 0205, 047 (2002) [hep-ph/0112172];
313. R. Sundrum, Phys. Rev. D 71, 085003 (2005) [hep-th/0406012].
314. Z. Chacko, M.A. Luty, I. Maksymyk and E. Ponton, JHEP 0004, 001 (2000) [hep-ph/9905390];
315. E. Katz, Y. Shadmi and Y. Shirman, JHEP 9908, 015 (1999) [hep-ph/9906296];
316. I. Jack and D.R.T. Jones, Phys. Lett. B 482, 167 (2000) [hep-ph/0003081];
317. M. Carena, K. Huitu and T. Kobayashi, Nucl. Phys. B 592, 164 (2001) [hep-ph/0003187];
318. B.C. Allanach and A. Dedes, JHEP 0006, 017 (2000) [hep-ph/0003222];
319. N. Arkani-Hamed, D.E. Kaplan, H. Murayama and Y. Nomura, JHEP 0102, 041 (2001) [hep-ph/0012103];
320. N. Okada, Phys. Rev. D 65, 115009 (2002) [hep-ph/0202219];
321. R. Harnik, H. Murayama and A. Pierce, JHEP 0208, 034 (2002) [hep-ph/0204122];
322. A.E. Nelson and N.T. Weiner, [hep-ph/0210288];
323. O.C. Anoka, K.S. Babu and I. Gogoladze, Nucl. Phys. B 686, 135 (2004) [hep-ph/0312176];
324. R. Kitano, G.D. Kribs and H. Murayama, Phys. Rev. D 70, 035001 (2004) [hepph/0402215].
325. C.H. Chen, M. Drees and J.F. Gunion, Phys. Rev. D 55, 330 (1997) [Erratum-ibid. D 60, 039901 (1999)] [hep-ph/9607421].
326. S.D. Thomas and J.D. Wells, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 34 (1998) [hepph/9804359].
327. J.L. Feng et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1731 (1999) [hep-ph/9904250];
328. J.L. Feng and T. Moroi, Phys. Rev. D 61, 095004 (2000) [hep-ph/9907319].
329. T. Gherghetta, G.F. Giudice and J.D. Wells, Nucl. Phys. B 559, 27 (1999) [hep-ph/9904378].
330. J.F. Gunion and S. Mrenna, Phys. Rev. D 62, 015002 (2000) [hepph/9906270]. Phys. Rev. D 64, 075002 (2001) [hep-ph/0103167], R. Rattazzi, A. Strumia and J. D. Wells, Nucl. Phys. B 576, 3 (2000) [hepph/9912390]. F.E. Paige and J.D. Wells, "Anomaly mediated SUSY breaking at the LHC," [hep-ph/0001249];
331. H. Baer, J.K. Mizukoshi and X. Tata, Phys. Lett. B 488, 367 (2000) [hep-ph/0007073].
332. J. Scherk and J.H. Schwarz, Phys. Lett. B 82, 60 (1979); Nucl. Phys. B 153, 61 (1979).
333. I. Antoniadis, Phys. Lett. B 246, 377 (1990);
334. I. Antoniadis, C. Munñoz and M. Quirós, Nucl. Phys. B 397, 515 (1993) [hep-ph/9211309];
335. G.R. Dvali and M. A. Shifman, Nucl. Phys. B 504, 127 (1997) [hep-th/9611213];
336. A. Pomarol and M. Quirós, Phys. Lett. B 438, 255 (1998) [hep-ph/9806263];
337. I. Antoniadis, S. Dimopoulos, A. Pomarol and M. Quiróos, Nucl. Phys. B 544, 503 (1999) [hep-ph/9810410];
338. A. Delgado, A. Pomarol and M. Quiróos, Phys. Rev. D 60, 095008 (1999) [hep-ph/9812489];
339. Z. Chacko and M. A. Luty, JHEP 0105, 067 (2001) [hep-ph/0008103];
340. T. Gherghetta and A. Pomarol, Nucl. Phys. B 602, 3 (2001) [hep-ph/0012378];
341. Marti and A. Pomarol, Phys. Rev. D 64, 105025 (2001) [hep-th/0106256];
342. R. Barbieri, L.J. Hall and Y. Nomura, Nucl. Phys. B 624, 63 (2002) [hep-th/0107004];
343. D.E. Kaplan and N. Weiner, [hep-ph/0108001];
344. J. Bagger, F. Feruglio and F. Zwirner, JHEP 0202, 010 (2002) [hep-th/0108010];
345. T. Gherghetta and A. Riotto, Nucl. Phys. B 623, 97 (2002) [hep-th/0110022].
346. L.E. Ibáñez and G.G. Ross, Phys. Lett. B 110, 215 (1982).
347. S.P. Martin, Phys. Rev. D 65, 116003 (2002) [hep-ph/0111209], Phys. Rev. D 66, 096001 (2002) [hep-ph/0206136].
348. J.F. Gunion and H.E. Haber, Nucl. Phys. B 272, 1 (1986), Nucl. Phys. B 278, 449 (1986), Nucl. Phys. B 307, 445 (1988). (Errata in [hepph/9301205].)
349. J.F. Gunion, H.E. Haber, G.L. Kane and S. Dawson, The Higgs Hunter's Guide, (Addison-Wesley 1991), (Errata in [hep-ph/9302272].)
350. K. Inoue, A. Kakuto, H. Komatsu and S. Takeshita, Prog. Theor. Phys. 67, 1889 (1982);
351. R.A. Flores and M. Sher, Annals Phys. 148, 95 (1983).
352. H.E. Haber and R. Hempfling, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 1815 (1991);
353. Y. Okada, M. Yamaguchi and T. Yanagida, Prog. Theor. Phys. 85, 1 (1991), Phys. Lett. B 262, 54 (1991);
354. J. Ellis, G. Ridolfi and F. Zwirner, Phys. Lett. B 257, 83 (1991), Phys. Lett. B 262, 477 (1991).
355. G. Gamberini, G. Ridolfi and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B 331, 331 (1990);
356. R. Barbieri, M. Frigeni and F. Caravaglio, Phys. Lett. B 258, 167 (1991);
357. A. Yamada, Phys. Lett. B 263, 233 (1991), Z. Phys. C 61, 247 (1994);
358. J.R. Espinosa and M. Quiróos, Phys. Lett. B 266, 389 (1991);
359. A. Brignole, Phys. Lett. B 281, 284 (1992);
360. M. Drees and M.M. Nojiri, Nucl. Phys. B 369, 54 (1992), Phys. Rev. D 45, 2482 (1992). H.E. Haber and R. Hempfling, Phys. Rev. D 48, 4280 (1993) [hepph/9307201];
361. P.H. Chankowski, S. Pokorski and J. Rosiek, Phys. Lett. B 274, 191 (1992); Phys. Lett. B 281 (1992) 100;
362. R. Hempfling and A.H. Hoang, Phys. Lett. B 331, 99 (1994) [hep-ph/9401219];
363. J. Kodaira, Y. Yasui and K. Sasaki, Phys. Rev. D 50, 7035 (1994) [hep-ph/9311366];
364. J.A. Casas, J.R. Espinosa, M. Quiroós and A. Riotto, Nucl. Phys. B 436, 3 (1995) [Erratum-ibid. B 439, 466 (1995)] [hep-ph/9407389];
365. M. Carena, M. Quiroós and C. Wagner, Nucl. Phys. B 461, 407 (1996) [hep-ph/9508343]. H.E. Haber, R. Hempfling and A.H. Hoang, Z. Phys. C 75, 539 (1997) [hep-ph/9609331].
366. S. Heinemeyer, W. Hollik and G. Weiglein, Phys. Rev. D 58, 091701 (1998) [hep-ph/9803277]; Phys. Lett. B 440, 296 (1998) [hep-ph/9807423]; Eur. Phys.J.C9, 343 (1999) [hep-ph/9812472].
367. R.J. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B 447, 89 (1999) [hep-ph/9808299]. J.R. Espinosa and R.J. Zhang, JHEP 0003, 026 (2000) [hep-ph/9912236]; Nucl. Phys. B 586, 3 (2000) [hep-ph/0003246].
368. A. Pilaftsis and C.E.M. Wagner, Nucl. Phys. B 553, 3 (1999) [hepph/9902371]. M. Carena, J.R. Ellis, A. Pilaftsis and C.E.M. Wagner, Nucl. Phys. B 586, 92 (2000) [hep-ph/0003180]; Nucl. Phys. B 625, 345 (2002) [hep-ph/0111245].
369. M. Carena et al., Nucl. Phys. B 580, 29 (2000) [hep-ph/0001002].
370. J.R. Espinosa and I. Navarro, Nucl. Phys. B 615, 82 (2001) [hepph/0104047].
371. G. Degrassi, P. Slavich and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B 611, 403 (2001) [hepph/0105096];
372. A. Brignole, G. Degrassi, P. Slavich and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B 631, 195 (2002) [hep-ph/0112177]; Nucl. Phys. B 643, 79 (2002) [hep-ph/0206101].
373. S.P. Martin, Phys. Rev. D 67, 095012 (2003) [hep-ph/0211366]; Phys. Rev. D 70, 016005 (2004) [hep-ph/0312092]; Phys. Rev. D 71, 016012 (2005) [hep-ph/0405022].
374. S. Heinemeyer, W. Hollik and G. Weiglein, "FeynHiggs: A program for the calculation of the masses of the neutral CP-even Higgs bosons in the MSSM," Comput. Phys. Commun. 124, 76 (2000) [hep-ph/9812320];
375. T. Hahn, W. Hollik, S. Heinemeyer and G. Weiglein, "Precision Higgs masses with FeynHiggs 2.2," [hep-ph/0507009].
376. G.L. Kane, C. Kolda and J.D. Wells, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2686 (1993) [hepph/9210242];
377. J.R. Espinosa and M. Quiróos, Phys. Lett. B 302, 51 (1993) [hep-ph/9212305].
378. R. Tarrach, Nucl. Phys. B 183, 384 (1981);
379. H. Gray, D.J. Broadhurst, W. Grafe and K. Schilcher, Z. Phys. C 48, 673 (1990);
380. H. Arason et al., Phys. Rev. D 46, 3945 (1992).
381. L.E. Ibóanñez and C. Lopez, Phys. Lett. B 126, 54 (1983);
382. V. Barger, M.S. Berger and P. Ohmann, Phys. Rev. D 47, 1093 (1993) [hepph/9209232];
383. P. Langacker and N. Polonsky, Phys. Rev. D 49, 1454 (1994) [hep-ph/9306205];
384. P. Ramond, R.G. Roberts, G.G. Ross, Nucl. Phys. B 406, 19 (1993) [hep-ph/9303320];
385. M. Carena, S. Pokorski and C. Wagner, Nucl. Phys. B 406, 59 (1993) [hep-ph/9303202];
386. G. Anderson et al., Phys. Rev. D 49, 3660 (1994) [hep-ph/9308333].
387. L.J. Hall, R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Phys. Rev. D 50, 7048 (1994) [hepph/9306309];
388. M. Carena, M. Olechowski, S. Pokorski and C.E.M. Wagner, Nucl. Phys. B 426, 269 (1994) [hep-ph/9402253]. R. Hempfling, Phys. Rev. D 49, 6168 (1994);
389. R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Phys. Rev. D 53, 1553 (1996) [hep-ph/9505428].
390. H.K. Dreiner, H.E. Haber, and S.P. Martin, "Two-component spinor techniques and Feynman rules for quantum field theory and supersymmetry", arXiv:0812.1594 [hep-ph], submitted to Physics Reports.
391. D. Pierce and A. Papadopoulos, Phys. Rev. D 50, 565 (1994) [hepph/9312248], Nucl. Phys. B 430, 278 (1994) [hep-ph/9403240];
392. Pierce, J.A. Bagger, K. Matchev, and R.-J. Zhang, Nucl. Phys. B 491, 3 (1997) [hep-ph/9606211].
393. Y. Yamada, Phys. Lett. B 623, 104 (2005) [hep-ph/0506262], S.P. Martin, Phys. Rev. D 72, 096008 (2005) [hep-ph/0509115].
394. M. Claudson, L.J. Hall and I. Hinchliffe, Nucl. Phys. B 228, 501 (1983);
395. J.A. Casas, A. Lleyda, C. Munñoz, Nucl. Phys. B 471, 3 (1996) [hepph/9507294];
396. T. Falk, K.A. Olive, L. Roszkowski, and M. Srednicki Phys. Lett. B 367, 183 (1996) [hep-ph/9510308];
397. H. Baer, M. Brhlik and D.J. Castaño, Phys. Rev. D 54, 6944 (1996) [hep-ph/9607465]. For a review, see J.A. Casas, in Perspectives on Supersymmetry, ed. G.L. Kane (World Scientific, 1998). [hep-ph/9707475].
398. A. Kusenko, P. Langacker and G. Segre, Phys. Rev. D 54, 5824 (1996) [hep-ph/9602414].
399. F.E. Paige, S.D. Protopescu, H. Baer and X. Tata, "ISAJET 7.69: A Monte Carlo event generator for p p, anti-p p, and e+ e- reactions," [hepph/0312045].
400. B.C. Allanach, "SOFTSUSY: A C++ program for calculating supersymmetric spectra," Comput. Phys. Commun. 143, 305 (2002) [hepph/0104145].
401. A. Djouadi, J.L. Kneur and G. Moultaka, "SuSpect: A Fortran code for the supersymmetric and Higgs particle spectrum in the MSSM," [hepph/0211331].
402. W. Porod, "SPheno, a program for calculating supersymmetric spectra, SUSY particle decays and SUSY particle production at e+ e- colliders," Comput. Phys. Commun. 153, 275 (2003) [hep-ph/0301101].
403. M. Muhlleitner, A. Djouadi and Y. Mambrini, "SDECAY: A Fortran code for the decays of the supersymmetric particles in the MSSM," Comput. Phys. Commun. 168, 46 (2005) [hep-ph/0311167].
404. A. Djouadi, J. Kalinowski and M. Spira, "HDECAY: A program for Higgs boson decays in the standard model and its supersymmetric extension," Comput. Phys. Commun. 108, 56 (1998) [hep-ph/9704448].
405. U. Ellwanger, J.F. Gunion and C. Hugonie, JHEP 0502, 066 (2005) [hepph/0406215], U. Ellwanger and C. Hugonie, "NMHDECAY 2.0: An updated program for sparticle masses, Higgs masses, couplings and decay widths in the NMSSM," [hep-ph/0508022].
406. J.S. Lee et al., "CPsuperH: A computational tool for Higgs phenomenology in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with explicit CP violation," Comput. Phys. Commun. 156, 283 (2004) [hep-ph/0307377].
407. P. Gondolo et al., "DarkSUSY: A numerical package for dark matter calculations in the MSSM," [astro-ph/0012234]. JCAP 0407, 008 (2004) [astroph/0406204].
408. G. Belanger, F. Boudjema, A. Pukhov and A. Semenov, Comput. Phys. Commun. 149, 103 (2002) [hep-ph/0112278], "MicrOMEGAs: Version 1.3," [hep-ph/0405253].
409. A. Bartl, H. Fraas and W. Majerotto, Nucl. Phys. B 278, 1 (1986);
410. A. Bartl, H. Fraas, W. Majerotto and B. Mosslacher, Z. Phys. C 55, 257 (1992). For large tan β results, see H. Baer, C.-h. Chen, M. Drees, F. Paige and X. Tata, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 986 (1997) [hep-ph/9704457];
411. H. Baer et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 4, 4111 (1989).
412. H.E. Haber and D. Wyler, Nucl. Phys. B 323, 267 (1989);
413. S. Ambrosanio and B. Mele, Phys. Rev. D 55, 1399 (1997) [Erratum-ibid. D 56, 3157 (1997)] [hep-ph/9609212];
414. S. Ambrosanio et al., Phys. Rev. D 55, 1372 (1997) [hep-ph/9607414].
415. H. Baer et al., Phys. Lett. B 161, 175 (1985);
416. G. Gamberini, Z. Phys. C 30, 605 (1986);
417. H.A. Baer, V. Barger, D. Karatas and X. Tata, Phys. Rev. D 36, 96 (1987);
418. R.M. Barnett, J.F. Gunion and H.A. Haber, Phys. Rev. D 37, 1892 (1988).
419. K. Hikasa and M. Kobayashi, Phys. Rev. D 36, 724 (1987).
420. J. Ellis, J.L. Lopez, D.V. Nanopoulos Phys. Lett. B 394, 354 (1997) [hepph/9610470];
421. J.L. Lopez, D.V. Nanopoulos Phys. Rev. D 55, 4450 (1997) [hep-ph/9608275].
422. D.N. Spergel et al. [WMAP Collaboration], Astrophys. J. Suppl. 148, 175 (2003) [astro-ph/0302209], and [astro-ph/0603449]. M. Tegmark et al. [SDSS Collaboration], Phys. Rev. D 69, 103501 (2004) [astro-ph/0310723];
423. K. Choi, J.E. Kim and H.P. Nilles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1758 (1994) [hepph/9404311];
424. K. Choi, J.E. Kim and G.T. Park, Nucl. Phys. B 442, 3 (1995) [hep-ph/9412397]. See also N.C. Tsamis and R.P. Woodard, Phys. Lett. B 301, 351 (1993); Nucl. Phys. B 474, 235 (1996) [hep-ph/9602315]; Annals Phys. 253, 1 (1997) [hep-ph/9602316]; Annals Phys. 267, 145 (1998) [hepph/9712331]. and references therein, for discussion of nonperturbative quantum gravitational effects on the effective cosmological constant. This work implies that requiring the tree-level vacuum energy to vanish may not be correct or meaningful. Moreover, perturbative supergravity or superstring predictions for the vacuum energy may not be relevant to the question of whether the observed cosmological constant is sufficiently small.